ClpB protein; Part of a stress-induced multi-chaperone system, it is involved in the recovery of the cell from heat-induced damage, in cooperation with DnaK, DnaJ and GrpE; Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family.

DNA-binding, ATP-dependent protease La; ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short- lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner.

Chaperone protein dnaK (heat shock protein family 70 protein); Acts as a chaperone; Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.

Trigger factor (TF) protein (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase); Involved in protein export. Acts as a chaperone by maintaining the newly synthesized protein in an open conformation. Functions as a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase; Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. Tig subfamily.

Chaperone protein grpE (heat shock protein family 70 cofactor); Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the [...]

Chaperone protein, groEL; Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions.

ATP-dependent protease, proteasome-related peptidase subunit; Protease subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex believed to be a general protein degrading machinery.

ATP-dependent protease, ATP-binding subunit; ATPase subunit of a proteasome-like degradation complex; this subunit has chaperone activity. The binding of ATP and its subsequent hydrolysis by HslU are essential for unfolding of protein substrates subsequently hydrolyzed by HslV. HslU recognizes the N-terminal part of its protein substrates and unfolds these before they are guided to HslV for hydrolysis.

Riboflavin biosynthesis protein ribA/GTP-cyclohydrolase II; Catalyzes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to formate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the DHBP synthase family.