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SMAD4 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; In muscle physiology, plays a central role in the balance between atrophy and hypertrophy. When recruited by MSTN, promotes atrophy response via phosphorylated SMAD2/4. MSTN decrease causes SMAD4 release and subsequent recruitment by the BMP pathway to promote hypertrophy via phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Acts synergistically with SMAD1 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac- specific gene expression. Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'- GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions (By [...] (552 aa) | ||||
DCUN1D3 | DCN1-like protein 3; Antagonizes DCUN1D1-mediated CUL1 neddylation by sequestering CUL1 at the cell membrane. When overexpressed in transformed cells, may promote mesenchymal to epithelial-like changes and inhibit colony formation in soft agar. (304 aa) |