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SMAD4 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; In muscle physiology, plays a central role in the balance between atrophy and hypertrophy. When recruited by MSTN, promotes atrophy response via phosphorylated SMAD2/4. MSTN decrease causes SMAD4 release and subsequent recruitment by the BMP pathway to promote hypertrophy via phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Acts synergistically with SMAD1 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac- specific gene expression. Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'- GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions (By [...] (552 aa) | ||||
UFL1 | E3 UFM1-protein ligase 1; E3 protein ligase that mediates ufmylation, the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like modifier UFM1 to substrate proteins, a post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins that may play a crucial role in a number of cellular processes. Mediates DDRGK1 ufmylation and may regulate the proteasomal degradation of DDRGK1 and CDK5RAP3 thereby modulating NF-kappa-B signaling. May also play a role in nuclear receptor-mediated transcription through TRIP4 ufmylation. May play a role in the unfolded protein response, mediating the ufmylation of multip [...] (794 aa) |