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RALA | v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related); Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. Plays a role in the early stages of cytokinesis and is required to tether the exocyst to the cytokinetic furrow. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin- dependent membrane raft exocyt [...] (206 aa) | |||
RALBP1 | ralA binding protein 1; Can activate specifically hydrolysis of GTP bound to RAC1 and CDC42, but not RALA. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG) and doxorubicin (DOX) and is the major ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) and DOX in erythrocytes. Can catalyze transport of glutathione conjugates and xenobiotics, and may contribute to the multidrug resistance phenomenon. Serves as a scaffold protein that brings together proteins forming an endocytotic complex during interphase and also with CDK1 to switch off [...] (655 aa) | |||
SOS2 | son of sevenless homolog 2 (Drosophila); Promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP (By similarity) (1332 aa) | |||
ARHGDIG | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) gamma; Inhibits GDP/GTP exchange reaction of RhoB. Interacts specifically with the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of post- translationally processed Rhob and Rhog proteins, both of which show a growth-regulated expression in mammalian cells. Stimulates the release of the GDP-bound but not the GTP-bound RhoB protein. Also inhibits the GDP/GTP exchange of RhoB but shows less ability to inhibit the dissociation of prebound GTP (225 aa) | |||
ARHGDIB | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta; Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the Rho proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them (201 aa) | |||
KDELR2 | KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 2; Required for the retention of luminal endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Determines the specificity of the luminal ER protein retention system. Also required for normal vesicular traffic through the Golgi. This receptor recognizes K-D-E-L (212 aa) | |||
RALB | v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog B (ras related; GTP binding protein); Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. Required both to stabilize the assembly of the exocyst complex and to localize functional exocyst complexes to the leading edge of migrating cells. Plays a role in the [...] (206 aa) | |||
FGD2 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 2; Activates CDC42, a member of the Ras-like family of Rho- and Rac proteins, by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Activates JNK1 via CDC42 but not RAC1. Binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5-monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4- monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (By similarity) (655 aa) | |||
TIAM1 | T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1; Modulates the activity of RHO-like proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. Acts as a GDP- dissociation stimulator protein that stimulates the GDP-GTP exchange activity of RHO-like GTPases and activates them. Activates RAC1, CDC42, and to a lesser extent RHOA (1591 aa) | |||
ABR | active BCR-related (859 aa) | |||
CLTB | clathrin, light chain B; Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles (229 aa) | |||
ARHGEF4 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4; Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 GTPases. Binding of APC may activate RAC1 GEF activity. The APC-ARHGEF4 complex seems to be involved in cell migration as well as in E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Involved in tumor angiogenesis and may play a role in intestinal adenoma formation and tumor progression (690 aa) | |||
RHOT2 | ras homolog family member T2; Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking. Probably involved in control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution (By similarity) (618 aa) | |||
TIAM2 | T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2; Modulates the activity of RHO-like proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. Acts as a GDP- dissociation stimulator protein that stimulates the GDP-GTP exchange activity of RHO-like GTPases and activates them. Mediates extracellular laminin signals to activate Rac1, contributing to neurite growth. Involved in lamellipodial formation and advancement of the growth cone of embryonic hippocampal neurons. Promotes migration of neurons in the cerebral cortex. When overexpressed, induces membrane ruffling accompanied by [...] (1701 aa) | |||
KDELR1 | KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 1; Required for the retention of luminal endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Determines the specificity of the luminal ER protein retention system. Also required for normal vesicular traffic through the Golgi. This receptor recognizes K-D-E-L (212 aa) | |||
FGD3 | FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 3; Promotes the formation of filopodia. May activate CDC42, a member of the Ras-like family of Rho- and Rac proteins, by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape (By similarity) (725 aa) | |||
TRIO | trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor; Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Together with leukocyte antigen-related (LAR) protein, it could play a role in coordinating cell-matrix and cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for cell migration and cell growth (3097 aa) | |||
ARHGEF3 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3 (558 aa) | |||
NET1 | neuroepithelial cell transforming 1; Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase. May be involved in activation of the SAPK/JNK pathway Stimulates genotoxic stress-induced RHOB activity in breast cancer cells leading to their cell death (596 aa) | |||
RHOT1 | ras homolog family member T1; Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking (By similarity) (691 aa) | |||
CASP8 | caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (538 aa) | |||
ARHGEF18 | Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 18; Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPases. May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different tissues since its activation induces formation of actin stress fibers. Also act as a GEF for RAC1, inducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Does not act as a GEF for CDC42. The G protein beta-gamma (Gbetagamma) subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins act as activators, explaining the integrated effects of LPA and other G-protein coupled receptor agonists on actin stress fiber formation, cell [...] (1173 aa) | |||
AKAP13 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 13 (2817 aa) | |||
ARHGEF2 | Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2; Activates Rho-GTPases by promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. May be involved in epithelial barrier permeability, cell motility and polarization, dendritic spine morphology, antigen presentation, leukemic cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and cancer. Binds Rac-GTPases, but does not seem to promote nucleotide exchange activity toward Rac-GTPases, which was uniquely reported in PubMed-9857026. May stimulate instead the cortical activity of Rac. Inactive toward CDC42, TC10, or Ras- GTPases. Forms an intracellular sensing sys [...] (986 aa) | |||
COPA | coatomer protein complex, subunit alpha; The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non- clathrin-coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. In mammals, the coatomer can only be recruited by membranes associated to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are small GTP-binding proteins; the [...] (1233 aa) | |||
ARHGEF11 | Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 11; May play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase and may act as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13 (1562 aa) |