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PARD6A | par-6 partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha (C. elegans); Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Probably involved in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. Association with PARD3 may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly. The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins (346 aa) | |||
TGFB1 | transforming growth factor, beta 1; Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (390 aa) | |||
CDH1 | cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial); Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7 (882 aa) | |||
WNT5A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates [...] (380 aa) | |||
CGN | cingulin; Probably plays a role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier (1203 aa) | |||
FZD7 | frizzled family receptor 7; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK- 3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both p [...] (574 aa) | |||
FZD1 | frizzled family receptor 1; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK- 3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both p [...] (647 aa) | |||
F11R | F11 receptor; Seems to play a role in epithelial tight junction formation. Appears early in primordial forms of cell junctions and recruits PARD3. The association of the PARD6-PARD3 complex may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating monocyte transmigration involved in integrity of epithelial barrier. Involved in platelet activation. In case of orthoreovirus infection, serves as receptor for the virus (299 aa) | |||
PRKCI | protein kinase C, iota; Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/ threonine-protein kinase that plays a general protective role against apoptotic stimuli, is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, cell survival, differentiation and polarity, and contributes to the regulation of microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway. Is necessary for BCR-ABL oncogene-mediated resistance to apoptotic drug in leukemia cells, protecting leukemia cells against drug-induced apoptosis. In cultured neurons, prevents amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis by interrupting cell death process at a [...] (596 aa) | |||
UBB | ubiquitin B (229 aa) | |||
ROCK2 | Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1-p44/MA [...] (1388 aa) | |||
TRIP10 | thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10 (545 aa) | |||
FZD2 | frizzled family receptor 2; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK- 3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both p [...] (565 aa) | |||
GSK3B | glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glyc [...] (433 aa) | |||
CTNNB1 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation [...] (781 aa) | |||
UBC | ubiquitin C (685 aa) | |||
PRICKLE1 | prickle homolog 1 (Drosophila); Involved in the planar cell polarity pathway that controls convergent extension during gastrulation and neural tube closure. Convergent extension is a complex morphogenetic process during which cells elongate, move mediolaterally, and intercalate between neighboring cells, leading to convergence toward the mediolateral axis and extension along the anteroposterior axis. Necessary for nuclear localization of REST. May serve as nuclear receptor (831 aa) | |||
OCLN | occludin (522 aa) | |||
PAK4 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 4; Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, growth, proliferation or cell survival. Activation by various effectors including growth factor receptors or active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates and inactivates the protein phosphatase SSH1, leading to increased inhibitory phosphorylation of the actin binding/depolymerizing factor co [...] (591 aa) | |||
KIRREL | kin of IRRE like (Drosophila); Plays a significant role in the normal development and function of the glomerular permeability. Signaling protein that needs the presence of TEC kinases to fully trans-activate the transcription factor AP-1 (By similarity) (757 aa) | |||
ARHGEF18 | Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 18; Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPases. May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different tissues since its activation induces formation of actin stress fibers. Also act as a GEF for RAC1, inducing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Does not act as a GEF for CDC42. The G protein beta-gamma (Gbetagamma) subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins act as activators, explaining the integrated effects of LPA and other G-protein coupled receptor agonists on actin stress fiber formation, cell [...] (1173 aa) | |||
PARD3 | par-3 partitioning defective 3 homolog (C. elegans) (1356 aa) | |||
PRKCZ | protein kinase C, zeta; Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/threonine-protein kinase that functions in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, mitogenic signaling, cell proliferation, cell polarity, inflammatory response and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP). Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in macrophages, or following mitogenic stimuli, functions downstream of PI3K to activate MAP2K1/MEK1-MAPK1/ERK2 signaling cascade independently of RAF1 activation. Required [...] (592 aa) | |||
NPHS1 | nephrosis 1, congenital, Finnish type (nephrin); Seems to play a role in the development or function of the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. Regulates glomerular vascular permeability. May anchor the podocyte slit diaphragm to the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in skeletal muscle formation through regulation of myoblast fusion (By similarity) (1241 aa) | |||
UBA52 | ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 (128 aa) | |||
FZD4 | frizzled family receptor 4; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin (CTNNB1) canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and activation of Wnt target genes. Plays a critical role in retinal vascularization by acting as a receptor for Wnt proteins and norrin (NDP). In retina, it can be both activated by Wnt protein-binding, but also by a Wnt-independent signaling via binding of norrin (NDP), promoting in both cases beta-catenin (C [...] (537 aa) |