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GCK | glucokinase (hexokinase 4); Catalyzes the initial step in utilization of glucose by the beta-cell and liver at physiological glucose concentration. Glucokinase has a high Km for glucose, and so it is effective only when glucose is abundant. The role of GCK is to provide G6P for the synthesis of glycogen. Pancreatic glucokinase plays an important role in modulating insulin secretion. Hepatic glucokinase helps to facilitate the uptake and conversion of glucose by acting as an insulin-sensitive determinant of hepatic glucose usage (466 aa) | |||
ALDOC | aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate (364 aa) | |||
G6PC | glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit; Hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in the endoplasmic reticulum. Forms with the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (SLC37A4/G6PT) the complex responsible for glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Hence, it is the key enzyme in homeostatic regulation of blood glucose levels (357 aa) | |||
HNF1A | HNF1 homeobox A; Transcriptional activator that regulates the tissue specific expression of multiple genes, especially in pancreatic islet cells and in liver. Required for the expression of several liver specific genes. Binds to the inverted palindrome 5’- GTTAATNATTAAC-3’ (631 aa) | |||
LCT | lactase; LPH splits lactose in the small intestine (1927 aa) | |||
G6PC3 | glucose 6 phosphatase, catalytic, 3; Hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in the endoplasmic reticulum. May form with the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (SLC37A4/G6PT) a ubiquitously expressed complex responsible for glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Probably required for normal neutrophil function (346 aa) | |||
GALM | galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase); Mutarotase converts alpha-aldose to the beta-anomer. It is active on D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose (By similarity) (342 aa) | |||
AKR1B1 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase); Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies (316 aa) | |||
FOXA3 | forkhead box A3; Transcription factor that is thought to act as a ’pioneer’ factor opening the compacted chromatin for other proteins through interactions with nucleosomal core histones and thereby replacing linker histones at target enhancer and/or promoter sites (By similarity). Originally described as a transcription activator for a number of liver genes such as AFP, albumin, tyrosine aminotransferase, PEPCK, etc. Interacts with the cis-acting regulatory regions of these genes. Involved in glucose homeostasis; binds to and activates transcription from the G6PC promoter. Binds to the [...] (350 aa) | |||
CEBPB | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta; Important transcriptional activator in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Specifically binds to an IL-1 response element in the IL-6 gene. NF-IL6 also binds to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokines genes. It probably plays a role in the regulation of acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis. The consensus recognition site is 5’-T[TG]NNGNAA[TG]-3’. Functions in brown adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation (By similarity). Regulates the transcriptional induction of peroxisome proli [...] (345 aa) | |||
GLB1 | galactosidase, beta 1; Cleaves beta-linked terminal galactosyl residues from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans (677 aa) | |||
TALDO1 | transaldolase 1; Transaldolase is important for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway (By similarity) (337 aa) | |||
ALDOA | aldolase A, fructose-bisphosphate; Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity) (364 aa) | |||
HKDC1 | hexokinase domain containing 1 (917 aa) | |||
AKR1B10 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase); Acts as all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase. Can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and is less active on hexoses (in vitro). May be responsible for detoxification of reactive aldehydes in the digested food before the nutrients are passed on to other organs (316 aa) | |||
TKTL1 | transketolase-like 1; Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (By similarity) (596 aa) | |||
PGM1 | phosphoglucomutase 1 (580 aa) | |||
ALDOB | aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate (364 aa) | |||
PGM2 | phosphoglucomutase 2; Catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose-1-phosphate and deoxyribose-1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses. May also catalyze the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. Has low glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase activity (612 aa) | |||
HK1 | hexokinase 1 (921 aa) | |||
CEBPD | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), delta; C/EBP is a DNA-binding protein that recognizes two different motifs- the CCAAT homology common to many promoters and the enhanced core homology common to many enhancers. Important transcriptional activator in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, may play an important role in the regulation of the several genes associated with activation and/or differentiation of macrophages (269 aa) | |||
CREB1 | cAMP responsive element binding protein 1; Phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor that stimulates transcription upon binding to the DNA cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Transcription activation is enhanced by the TORC coactivators which act independently of Ser-133 phosphorylation. Involved in different cellular processes including the synchronization of circadian rhythmicity and the differentiation of adipose cells (341 aa) | |||
TKT | transketolase; Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate (623 aa) | |||
GPI | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Besides it’s role as a glycolytic enzyme, mammalian GPI can function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. GPI is also a neurotrophic factor (Neuroleukin) for spinal and sensory neurons (569 aa) | |||
DERA | deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase (putative); Catalyzes a reversible aldol reaction between acetaldehyde and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to generate 2-deoxy- D-ribose 5-phosphate (By similarity) (318 aa) | |||
CEBPA | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; C/EBP is a DNA-binding protein that recognizes two different motifs- the CCAAT homology common to many promoters and the enhanced core homology common to many enhancers (358 aa) |