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MCM5 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 5; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute dif [...] (734 aa) | |||
POLR2C | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide C, 33kDa; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB3 is part of the core element with the central large cleft and the clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (By similarity) (275 aa) | |||
RPA3 | replication protein A3, 14kDa; Required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RP-A is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions (121 aa) | |||
ORC2 | origin recognition complex, subunit 2; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication (577 aa) | |||
MND1 | meiotic nuclear divisions 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Required for proper homologous chromosome pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis (By similarity). Stimulates both DMC1- and RAD51-mediated homologous strand assimilation, which is required for the resolution of meiotic double-strand breaks (205 aa) | |||
PARP2 | poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2; Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks (583 aa) | |||
RPA1 | replication protein A1, 70kDa; Plays an essential role in several cellular processes in DNA metabolism including replication, recombination and DNA repair. Binds and subsequently stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates and thus prevents complementary DNA from reannealing (616 aa) | |||
MCM6 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 6; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute dif [...] (821 aa) | |||
MCM2 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 2; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute dif [...] (904 aa) | |||
POLB | polymerase (DNA directed), beta; Repair polymerase that plays a key role in base-excision repair. Has 5’-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity that removes the 5’ sugar phosphate and also acts as a DNA polymerase that adds one nucleotide to the 3’ end of the arising single-nucleotide gap. Conducts ’gap-filling’ DNA synthesis in a stepwise distributive fashion rather than in a processive fashion as for other DNA polymerases (335 aa) | |||
ABCB1 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1; Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (1280 aa) | |||
POLD4 | polymerase (DNA-directed), delta 4, accessory subunit; Required for optimal DNA polymerase delta activity. May contribute to PCNA-dependent activity of DNA polymerase delta (107 aa) | |||
KAT5 | K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5 (546 aa) | |||
USP1 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 1; Negative regulator of DNA damage repair which specifically deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated FANCD2. Also involved in PCNA-mediated translesion synthesis (TLS) by deubiquitinating monoubiquitinated PCNA. Has almost no deubiquitinating activity by itself and requires the interaction with WDR48 to have a high activity (785 aa) | |||
MLH3 | mutL homolog 3 (E. coli); Probably involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA (1453 aa) | |||
RAD52 | RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in double-stranded break repair. Plays a central role in genetic recombination and DNA repair by promoting the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA and by stimulation of the RAD51 recombinase (418 aa) | |||
UBE2T | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (putative); Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Catalyzes monoubiquitination. Involved in mitomycin-C (MMC)-induced DNA repair- acts as a specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme for the Fanconi anemia complex by associating with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase FANCL and catalyzing monoubiquitination of FANCD2, a key step in the DNA damage pathway. Also mediates monoubiquitination of FANCL and FANCI. May contribute to ubiquitination and degradation of BRCA1. In vitro able to promote polyubiquitinati [...] (197 aa) | |||
GADD45A | growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha; In T-cells, functions as a regulator of p38 MAPKs by inhibiting p88 phosphorylation and activity (By similarity). Might affect PCNA interaction with some CDK (cell division protein kinase) complexes; stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase (165 aa) | |||
RPA4 | replication protein A4, 30kDa; Functions as component of the alternative replication protein A complex (aRPA). aRPA binds single-stranded DNA and probably plays a role in DNA repair; it does not support chromosomal DNA replication and cell cycle progression through S- phase. In vitro, aRPA cannot promote efficient priming by DNA polymerase alpha but supports DNA polymerase delta synthesis in the presence of PCNA and replication factor C (RFC), the dual incision/excision reaction of nucleotide excision repair and RAD51-dependent strand exchange (261 aa) | |||
RPA2 | replication protein A2, 32kDa; Required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RP-A is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Required for the efficient recruitment of the DNA double-strand break repair factor RAD51 to chromatin in response to DNA damage (270 aa) | |||
CUL4A | cullin 4A; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cullin subunit with TIP120A/CAND1. The functional specificity of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex depends on [...] (759 aa) | |||
RAD9B | RAD9 homolog B (S. pombe) (429 aa) | |||
DNA2 | DNA replication helicase 2 homolog (yeast); Key enzyme involved in DNA replication and DNA repair in nucleus and mitochondrion. Involved in Okazaki fragments processing by cleaving long flaps that escape FEN1- flaps that are longer than 27 nucleotides are coated by replication protein A complex (RPA), leading to recruit DNA2 which cleaves the flap until it is too short to bind RPA and becomes a substrate for FEN1. Also involved in 5’-end resection of DNA during double- strand break (DSB) repair- recruited by BLM and mediates the cleavage of 5’-ssDNA, while the 3’-ssDNA cleavage is prev [...] (1146 aa) | |||
FANCL | Fanconi anemia, complementation group L; Ubiquitin ligase protein that mediates monoubiquitination of FANCD2, a key step in the DNA damage pathway. Also mediates monoubiquitination of FANCI. May stimulate the ubiquitin release from UBE2W. May be required for proper primordial germ cell proliferation in the embryonic stage, whereas it is probably not needed for spermatogonial proliferation after birth (380 aa) | |||
HSF1 | heat shock transcription factor 1; DNA-binding protein that specifically binds heat shock promoter elements (HSE) and activates transcription. In higher eukaryotes, HSF is unable to bind to the HSE unless the cells are heat shocked (529 aa) | |||
RAD23A | RAD23 homolog A (S. cerevisiae); Multiubiquitin chain receptor involved in modulation of proteasomal degradation. Binds to ’Lys-48’-linked polyubiquitin chains in a length-dependent manner and with a lower affinity to ’Lys-63’-linked polyubiquitin chains. Proposed to be capable to bind simultaneously to the 26S proteasome and to polyubiquitinated substrates and to deliver ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome (363 aa) |