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CYP26B1 | cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (512 aa) | |||
FMO2 | flavin containing monooxygenase 2 (non-functional); Catalyzes the N-oxidation of certain primary alkylamines to their oximes via an N-hydroxylamine intermediate. Inactive toward certain tertiary amines, such as imipramine or chloropromazine. Can catalyze the S-oxidation of methimazole. The truncated form is catalytically inactive (471 aa) | |||
IDH3G | isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) gamma (393 aa) | |||
CYP26A1 | cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily A, polypeptide 1; Plays a key role in retinoic acid metabolism. Acts on retinoids, including all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and its stereoisomer 9-cis-RA. Capable of both 4-hydroxylation and 18- hydroxylation. Responsible for generation of several hydroxylated forms of RA, including 4-OH-RA, 4-oxo-RA and 18-OH-RA (497 aa) | |||
FMO6P | flavin containing monooxygenase 6 pseudogene; It is probable that this protein is only produced in very small quantity or not at all as the gene coding for it seems to be unable to produce full length transcripts (539 aa) | |||
ALDH1A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2; Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Does metabolize octanal and decanal but does not metabolize citral, benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal efficiently (By similarity) (518 aa) | |||
FMO5 | flavin containing monooxygenase 5; In contrast with other forms of FMO it does not seem to be a drug-metabolizing enzyme (533 aa) | |||
RDH5 | retinol dehydrogenase 5 (11-cis/9-cis); Stereospecific 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of 11-cis retinaldehyde, the universal chromophore of visual pigments. Also able to oxidize 9-cis-retinol and 13-cis-retinol, but not all- trans-retinol. Active in the presence of NAD as cofactor but not in the presence of NADP (318 aa) | |||
RPE65 | retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65kDa; Plays important roles in the production of 11-cis retinal and in visual pigment regeneration. The soluble form binds vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), making it available for LRAT processing to all-trans-retinyl ester. The membrane form, palmitoylated by LRAT, binds all-trans-retinyl esters, making them available for IMH (isomerohydrolase) processing to all-cis- retinol. The soluble form is regenerated by transferring its palmitoyl groups onto 11-cis-retinol, a reaction catalyzed by LRAT. The enzymatic activity is linearly dependent of th [...] (533 aa) | |||
RLBP1 | retinaldehyde binding protein 1; Soluble retinoid carrier essential the proper function of both rod and cone photoreceptors. Participates in the regeneration of active 11-cis-retinol and 11-cis-retinaldehyde, from the inactive 11-trans products of the rhodopsin photocycle and in the de novo synthesis of these retinoids from 11-trans metabolic precursors. The cycling of retinoids between photoreceptor and adjacent pigment epithelium cells is known as the ’visual cycle’ (317 aa) | |||
ATP6V1A | ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 70kDa, V1 subunit A; Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase vacuolar ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells (617 aa) | |||
CYP26C1 | cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily C, polypeptide 1; Plays a role in retinoic acid metabolism. Acts on retinoids, including all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and its stereoisomer 9-cis-RA (preferred substrate) (522 aa) | |||
ALDH1A1 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1; Binds free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein- bound retinal. Can convert/oxidize retinaldehyde to retinoic acid (By similarity) (501 aa) | |||
LRAT | lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase); Transfers the acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to all-trans retinol, producing all-trans retinyl esters. Retinyl esters are storage forms of vitamin A. LRAT plays a critical role in vision. It provides the all-trans retinyl ester substrates for the isomerohydrolase which processes the esters into 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium; due to a membrane-associated alcohol dehydrogenase, 11 cis-retinol is oxidized and converted into 11-cis-retinaldehyde which is the chrom [...] (230 aa) | |||
FMO1 | flavin containing monooxygenase 1; This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. Form I catalyzes the N-oxygenation of secondary and tertiary amines (532 aa) | |||
RGR | retinal G protein coupled receptor; Receptor for all-trans- and 11-cis-retinal. Binds preferentially to the former and may catalyze the isomerization of the chromophore by a retinochrome-like mechanism (295 aa) | |||
FMO3 | flavin containing monooxygenase 3; Involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. It N-oxygenates primary aliphatic alkylamines as well as secondary and tertiary amines. Plays an important role in the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), via the production of TMA N-oxide (TMAO). Is also able to perform S-oxidation when acting on sulfide compounds (532 aa) | |||
PDSS2 | prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 2; Supplies decaprenyl diphosphate, the precursor for the side chain of the isoprenoid quinones ubiquinone-10 (399 aa) | |||
AOX1 | aldehyde oxidase 1 (1338 aa) | |||
CYP4V2 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily V, polypeptide 2; Catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of medium-chain saturated fatty acids such as laurate, myristate and palmitate in an NADPH-dependent pathway. The substrate specificity is higher for myristate > laurate > palmitate (C14>C16>C12). May have a role in fatty acid and steroid metabolism in the eye (525 aa) | |||
IDH3B | isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 (NAD+) beta (385 aa) | |||
MLST8 | MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (326 aa) | |||
ELAVL1 | ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-like 1 (Hu antigen R); Involved in 3’-UTR ARE-mediated MYC stabilization. Binds avidly to the AU-rich element in FOS and IL3/interleukin-3 mRNAs. In the case of the FOS AU-rich element, HUR binds to a core element of 27 nucleotides that contain AUUUA, AUUUUA and AUUUUUA motifs. Binds preferentially to the 5’-UUUU[AG]UUU-3’ motif in vitro (326 aa) | |||
AWAT2 | acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2; Acyltransferase that predominantly esterify long chain (wax) alcohols with acyl-CoA-derived fatty acids to produce wax esters. Wax esters are enriched in sebum, suggesting that it plays a central role in lipid metabolism in skin. Has no activity using decyl alcohol and significantly prefers the C16 and C18 alcohols. May also have 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase (MGAT) and acyl- CoA-retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activities, to catalyze the synthesis of diacylglycerols and retinyl esters; however this activity is unclear in vivo (333 aa) |