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RB1CC1 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; Plays a role as a modulator of TGF-beta-signaling by restricting substrate specificity of RNF111. Involved in autophagy. Regulates early events but also late events of autophagosome formation through direct interaction with Atg16L1. Required for the formation of the autophagosome-like double- membrane structure that surrounds the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) duting S.typhimurium infection and subsequent xenophagy. Autophagy positively regulates repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and negatively regulates apoptosis. Plays an indispensib [...] (1594 aa) | |||
PRKAB1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit; Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also [...] (270 aa) | |||
NPRL2 | nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (S. cerevisiae); Suppresses Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PDPK1 and its downstream signaling. Down-regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by interfering with tyrosine phosphorylation at the Tyr-9 Tyr-373 and Tyr-376 residues. May act as a tumor suppressor. Suppresses cell growth and enhanced sensitivity to various anticancer drugs (380 aa) | |||
PRKAG3 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Al [...] (489 aa) | |||
PRKAB2 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 2 non-catalytic subunit (272 aa) | |||
RRAGB | Ras-related GTP binding B; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein forming heterodimeric Rag complexes required for the amino acid-induced relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. This is a crucial step in the activation of the TOR signaling cascade by amino acids. Involved in the RCC1/Ran-GTPase pathway (374 aa) | |||
SKP2 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F- box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. Specifically recognizes phosphorylated CDKN1B/p27kip and is involved in regulation of G1/S transition. Degradation of CDKN1B/p27kip also requires CKS1. Recognizes target proteins ORC1, CDT1, RBL2, MLL, CDK9, RAG2, FOXO1, UBP43, and probably MYC, TOB1 and [...] (424 aa) | |||
DEPTOR | DEP domain containing MTOR-interacting protein; Negative regulator of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways. Inhibits the kinase activity of both complexes (409 aa) | |||
PRKAG2 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Al [...] (569 aa) | |||
TSC1 | tuberous sclerosis 1; In complex with TSC2, inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling. Seems not to be required for TSC2 GAP activity towards RHEB. Implicated as a tumor suppressor. Involved in microtubule-mediated protein transport, but this seems to be due to unregulated mTOR signaling (1164 aa) | |||
RPTOR | regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1; Involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1- mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signa [...] (1335 aa) | |||
RNF152 | ring finger protein 152; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase mediating ’Lys-48’-linked polyubiquitination of target proteins and their subsequent targeting to the proteasome for degradation. Induces apoptosis when overexpressed (203 aa) | |||
PRKAG1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Al [...] (340 aa) | |||
ULK1 | unc-51-like kinase 1 (C. elegans); Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy- acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, leading [...] (1050 aa) | |||
C12orf44 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 44; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation. Stabilizes ATG13, protecting it from proteasomal degradation (218 aa) | |||
EIF4EBP1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; Regulates eIF4E activity by preventing its assembly into the eIF4F complex. Mediates the regulation of protein translation by hormones, growth factors and other stimuli that signal through the MAP kinase and mTORC1 pathways (118 aa) | |||
AKT1S1 | AKT1 substrate 1 (proline-rich); Subunit of mTORC1, which regulates cell growth and survival in response to nutrient and hormonal signals. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1-mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesi [...] (256 aa) | |||
PRKAA1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as [...] (574 aa) | |||
MTOR | mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase); Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. This includes phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1 and release of its inhibition toward the elongation initi [...] (2549 aa) | |||
RRAGD | Ras-related GTP binding D; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein forming heterodimeric Rag complexes required for the amino acid-induced relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. This is a crucial step in the activation of the TOR signaling cascade by amino acids (400 aa) | |||
PRKAA2 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as [...] (552 aa) | |||
RRAGC | Ras-related GTP binding C; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein forming heterodimeric Rag complexes required for the amino acid-induced relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. This is a crucial step in the activation of the TOR signaling cascade by amino acids (399 aa) | |||
RRAGA | Ras-related GTP binding A; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein forming heterodimeric Rag complexes required for the amino acid-induced relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. This is a crucial step in the activation of the TOR signaling cascade by amino acids. Involved in the RCC1/Ran-GTPase pathway. May play a direct role in a TNF-alpha signaling pathway leading to induction of cell death. May alternatively act as a cellular target for adenovirus E3-14.7K, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha functions, thereby affecting cell death (313 aa) | |||
NPRL3 | nitrogen permease regulator-like 3 (S. cerevisiae) (568 aa) | |||
EIF4E | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E; Its translation stimulation activity is repressed by binding to the complex CYFIP1-FMR1 (By similarity). Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures. Component of the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex which binds to the mRNA cap and mediates translational repression. In the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex this subunit mediates the binding to the mRNA cap (248 aa) | |||
ATG13 | autophagy related 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation (550 aa) |