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MEF2B | myocyte enhancer factor 2B; Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5’-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3’, found in numerous muscle- specific genes. Activates transcription via this element. May be involved in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription (368 aa) | |||
MAPK12 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 12; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK12 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstre [...] (367 aa) | |||
MAPK14 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are a [...] (360 aa) | |||
SMO | smoothened, frizzled family receptor; G protein-coupled receptor that probably associates with the patched protein (PTCH) to transduce the hedgehog’s proteins signal. Binding of sonic hedgehog (SHH) to its receptor patched is thought to prevent normal inhibition by patched of smoothened (SMO). Required for the accumulation of KIF7 and GLI3 in the cilia (787 aa) | |||
NEO1 | neogenin 1; May be involved as a regulatory protein in the transition of undifferentiated proliferating cells to their differentiated state. May also function as a cell adhesion molecule in a broad spectrum of embryonic and adult tissues (1461 aa) | |||
SPAG9 | sperm associated antigen 9 (1321 aa) | |||
TCF3 | transcription factor 3 (E2A immunoglobulin enhancer binding factors E12/E47); Transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Heterodimers between TCF3 and tissue- specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play major roles in determining tissue-specific cell fate during embryogenesis, like muscle or early B-cell differentiation. Dimers bind DNA on E- box motifs- 5’-CANNTG-3’. Binds to the kappa-E2 site in the kappa immunoglobulin gene enhancer. Binds to IEB1 and IEB2, which are short DNA sequences in the insulin gene transcription control region (654 aa) | |||
CDON | Cdon homolog (mouse); Component of a cell-surface receptor complex that mediates cell-cell interactions between muscle precursor cells. Promotes differentiation of myogenic cells (By similarity) (1264 aa) | |||
LRP2 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2; Acts together with cubilin to mediate HDL endocytosis (By similarity). May participate in regulation of parathyroid- hormone and para-thyroid-hormone-related protein release (4655 aa) | |||
DHH | desert hedgehog; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. May function as a spermatocyte survival factor in the testes. Essential for testes development (396 aa) | |||
BNIP2 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 2; Implicated in the suppression of cell death. Interacts with the BCL-2 and adenovirus E1B 19 kDa proteins (435 aa) | |||
MEF2D | myocyte enhancer factor 2D; Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5’-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3’, found in numerous muscle- specific, growth factor- and stress-induced genes. Mediates cellular functions not only in skeletal and cardiac muscle development, but also in neuronal differentiation and survival. Plays diverse roles in the control of cell growth, survival and apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. Plays a critical role in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis (By similarity) (521 aa) | |||
NTN3 | netrin 3; Netrins control guidance of CNS commissural axons and peripheral motor axons (By similarity) (580 aa) | |||
IHH | Indian hedgehog; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. Implicated in endochondral ossification- may regulate the balance between growth and ossification of the developing bones. Induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) (By similarity) (411 aa) | |||
SHH | sonic hedgehog; Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of SHH, PTC represses the constitutive signaling activity of SMO. Also regulates another target, the gli oncogene. Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development- signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Displays both floor plate- [...] (462 aa) | |||
GAS1 | growth arrest-specific 1; Specific growth arrest protein involved in growth suppression. Blocks entry to S phase. Prevents cycling of normal and transformed cells (345 aa) | |||
CTNNA1 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1, 102kDa; Associates with the cytoplasmic domain of a variety of cadherins. The association of catenins to cadherins produces a complex which is linked to the actin filament network, and which seems to be of primary importance for cadherins cell-adhesion properties. Can associate with both E- and N-cadherins. Originally believed to be a stable component of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes and to mediate the linkage of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions. In contrast, cortical actin was found to be much more dynami [...] (906 aa) | |||
CDC42 | cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa); Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of thin, actin-rich surface projections called filopodia. Mediates CDC42-dependent cell migration (191 aa) | |||
PTCH1 | patched 1 (1447 aa) | |||
MAPK11 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 11; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK11 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. MAPK11 functions are mostly redundant with those of MA [...] (364 aa) | |||
MEF2C | myocyte enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle- specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of excitatory synapses and thus regulating basal and evoked synaptic transmission. Crucial for normal neuronal development, distribution, and electrical activity in the neocortex. Necessary for proper development of megakaryocytes and platel [...] (483 aa) | |||
MEF2A | myocyte enhancer factor 2A (499 aa) | |||
GLI2 | GLI family zinc finger 2; Acts as a transcriptional activator. May play a role during embryogenesis. Binds to the DNA sequence 5’-GAACCACCCA-3’ which is part of the TRE-2S regulatory element that augments the Tax-dependent enhancer of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Is involved in the smoothened (SHH) signaling pathway (1586 aa) | |||
PTCH2 | patched 2; May have a role in epidermal development. May act as a receptor for Sonic hedgehog (SHH) (1203 aa) | |||
CTNNA2 | catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 2 (905 aa) | |||
MAP2K6 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. With MAP3K3/MKK3, catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in the MAP kinases p38 MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14 and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular responses to cytokines and all kinds of stresses. Especially, MAP2K3/MKK3 and MAP2K6/MKK6 are both essential for the activation of MAPK11 and MAPK13 induced by environmental stress, whereas MAP2K6/MKK6 is the major MAPK1 [...] (334 aa) |