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NME1 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. Possesses nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and 3’-5’ exonuclease activities. Involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein- coupled receptor endocytosis, and gene expression. Required for neural development including neural patterning and cell fate determination (177 aa) | |||
POLE2 | polymerase (DNA directed), epsilon 2, accessory subunit; Participates in DNA repair and in chromosomal DNA replication (527 aa) | |||
ORC6 | origin recognition complex, subunit 6; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication (252 aa) | |||
NME3 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Probably has a role in normal hematopoiesis by inhibition of granulocyte differentiation and induction of apoptosis (169 aa) | |||
NME4 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP (By similarity) (187 aa) | |||
RPA3 | replication protein A3, 14kDa; Required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RP-A is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions (121 aa) | |||
POLD3 | polymerase (DNA-directed), delta 3, accessory subunit; Required for optimal DNA polymerase delta activity (466 aa) | |||
ORC4 | origin recognition complex, subunit 4; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication (436 aa) | |||
NME5 | NME/NM23 family member 5; Does not seem to have NDK kinase activity. Confers protection from cell death by Bax and alters the cellular levels of several antioxidant enzymes including Gpx5. May play a role in spermiogenesis by increasing the ability of late-stage spermatids to eliminate reactive oxygen species (By similarity) (212 aa) | |||
POLA2 | polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 2, accessory subunit; May play an essential role at the early stage of chromosomal DNA replication by coupling the polymerase alpha/primase complex to the cellular replication machinery (By similarity) (598 aa) | |||
DBF4 | DBF4 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Regulatory subunit for CDC7 which activates its kinase activity thereby playing a central role in DNA replication and cell proliferation. Required for progression of S phase. The complex CDC7-DBF4A selectively phosphorylates MCM2 subunit at ’Ser-40’ and ’Ser-53’ and then is involved in regulating the initiation of DNA replication during cell cycle (674 aa) | |||
CDK2 | cyclin-dependent kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and [...] (298 aa) | |||
ORC5 | origin recognition complex, subunit 5; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication (435 aa) | |||
ENTPD3 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3; Has a threefold preference for the hydrolysis of ATP over ADP (529 aa) | |||
DCTPP1 | dCTP pyrophosphatase 1; Hydrolyzes deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates. Has a strong preference for modified dCTP. Activity is highest with 5-iodo-dCTP, followed by 5-bromo-dCTP, unmodified dCTP, 5-methyl-dCTP and 5-chloro-dCTP. Hydrolyzes 2-chloro-dATP and 2-hydroxy-dATP with lower efficiency, and has even lower activity with unmodified dATP, dTTP and dUTP (in vitro). Does not hydrolyze ATP, UTP, ITP, GTP, dADP, dCDP or dGTP. May protect DNA or RNA against the incorporation of non- canonical nucleotide triphosphates. May protect cells a [...] (170 aa) | |||
PRIM1 | primase, DNA, polypeptide 1 (49kDa); DNA primase is the polymerase that synthesizes small RNA primers for the Okazaki fragments made during discontinuous DNA replication (420 aa) | |||
NME7 | NME/NM23 family member 7; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate (376 aa) | |||
RPA4 | replication protein A4, 30kDa; Functions as component of the alternative replication protein A complex (aRPA). aRPA binds single-stranded DNA and probably plays a role in DNA repair; it does not support chromosomal DNA replication and cell cycle progression through S- phase. In vitro, aRPA cannot promote efficient priming by DNA polymerase alpha but supports DNA polymerase delta synthesis in the presence of PCNA and replication factor C (RFC), the dual incision/excision reaction of nucleotide excision repair and RAD51-dependent strand exchange (261 aa) | |||
RPA2 | replication protein A2, 32kDa; Required for DNA recombination, repair and replication. The activity of RP-A is mediated by single-stranded DNA binding and protein interactions. Required for the efficient recruitment of the DNA double-strand break repair factor RAD51 to chromatin in response to DNA damage (270 aa) | |||
POLA1 | polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1, catalytic subunit; Plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. During the S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA polymerase alpha complex (composed of a catalytic subunit POLA1/p180, a regulatory subunit POLA2/p70 and two primase subunits PRIM1/p49 and PRIM2/p58) is recruited to DNA at the replicative forks via direct interactions with MCM10 and WDHD1. The primase subunit of the polymerase alpha complex initiates DNA synthesis by oligomerising short RNA primers on both leading and lagging strands. These primers are initially extended by [...] (1462 aa) | |||
PCNA | proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase’s processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3’- 5’ exonuclease and 3’-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic- apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA re [...] (261 aa) | |||
ITPA | inosine triphosphatase (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase) (194 aa) | |||
NME1-NME2 | NME1-NME2 readthrough; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate (By similarity) (152 aa) | |||
POLD2 | polymerase (DNA directed), delta 2, accessory subunit; The function of the small subunit is not yet clear (469 aa) | |||
CDC45 | cell division cycle 45 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Required for initiation of chromosomal DNA replication (598 aa) | |||
NME6 | NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Inhibitor of p53-induced apoptosis (194 aa) |