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ADSL | adenylosuccinate lyase; Catalyzes two non-sequential steps in de novo AMP synthesis- converts (S)-2-(5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D- ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido)succinate (SAICAR) to fumarate plus 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide, and thereby also contributes to de novo IMP synthesis, and converts succinyladenosine monophosphate (SAMP) to AMP and fumarate (484 aa) | |||
NT5C1A | 5’-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA; Dephosphorylates the 5’ and 2’(3’)-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides and has a broad substrate specificity. Helps to regulate adenosine levels in heart during ischemia and hypoxia (368 aa) | |||
NT5C3 | 5’-nucleotidase, cytosolic III (336 aa) | |||
NT5C | 5’, 3’-nucleotidase, cytosolic; Dephosphorylates the 5’ and 2’(3’)-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides, with a preference for dUMP and dTMP, intermediate activity towards dGMP, and low activity towards dCMP and dAMP (201 aa) | |||
NT5E | 5’-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73); Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides. Exhibits AMP-, NAD-, and NMN-nucleosidase activities (574 aa) | |||
AK7 | adenylate kinase 7; Adenylate kinase involved in maintaining ciliary structure and function (By similarity). Has highest activity toward AMP, and weaker activity toward dAMP, CMP and dCMP (723 aa) | |||
PDE11A | phosphodiesterase 11A; Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of both cAMP and cGMP to 5’-AMP and 5’- GMP, respectively (933 aa) | |||
ADK | adenosine kinase; ATP dependent phosphorylation of adenosine and other related nucleoside analogs to monophosphate derivatives. Serves as a potential regulator of concentrations of extracellular adenosine and intracellular adenine nucleotides (362 aa) | |||
AK8 | adenylate kinase 8; Adenylate kinase. Has highest activity toward AMP, and weaker activity toward dAMP, CMP and dCMP (479 aa) | |||
ENTPD3 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3; Has a threefold preference for the hydrolysis of ATP over ADP (529 aa) | |||
CANT1 | calcium activated nucleotidase 1; Calcium-dependent nucleotidase with a preference for UDP. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP > GDP > UTP > GTP. Has very low activity towards ADP and even lower activity towards ATP. Does not hydrolyze AMP and GMP. Involved in proteoglycan synthesis (401 aa) | |||
AK4 | adenylate kinase 4; Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Efficiently phosphorylates AMP and dAMP using ATP as phosphate donor, but phosphorylates only AMP when using GTP as phosphate donor (223 aa) | |||
ENTPD5 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5; Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N- glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. Also hydrolyzes GDP and IDP but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thiamine pyrophosphate. Plays a ke [...] (428 aa) | |||
NT5C2 | 5’-nucleotidase, cytosolic II; May have a critical role in the maintenance of a constant composition of intracellular purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in cooperation with other nucleotidases. Preferentially hydrolyzes inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP) and other purine nucleotides (561 aa) | |||
AK5 | adenylate kinase 5; Active on AMP and dAMP with ATP as a donor. When GTP is used as phosphate donor, the enzyme phosphorylates AMP, CMP, and to a small extent dCMP (562 aa) | |||
AK2 | adenylate kinase 2 (239 aa) | |||
ENTPD4 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4; Hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 5’-diphosphates, nucleoside 5’-triphosphates are hydrolyzed only to a minor extent. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP >> GDP = CDP = TDP, AMP, ADP, ATP and UMP are not substrates. Preferred substrates for isoform 2 are CTP, UDP, CDP, GTP and GDP, while isoform 1 utilizes UTP and TTP (616 aa) | |||
ADCY10 | adenylate cyclase 10 (soluble); Soluble adenylyl cyclase that has a critical role in mammalian spermatogenesis. Produces the cAMP which mediates in part the cAMP-responsive nuclear factors indispensable for maturation of sperm in the epididymis. Induces capacitation, the maturational process that sperm undergo prior to fertilization. May be the bicarbonate sensor. Involved in ciliary beat regulation (1610 aa) | |||
ENTPD1 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (522 aa) | |||
ENTPD8 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8; Canalicular ectonucleoside NTPDase responsible for the main hepatic NTPDase activity. Ectonucleoside NTPDases catalyze the hydrolysis of gamma- and beta-phosphate residues of nucleotides, playing a central role in concentration of extracellular nucleotides. Has activity toward ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP, but not toward AMP (495 aa) | |||
APRT | adenine phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis (180 aa) | |||
AK3 | adenylate kinase 3; Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP-AMP phosphotransferase and ITP-AMP phosphotransferase activities (227 aa) | |||
NT5M | 5’,3’-nucleotidase, mitochondrial; Dephosphorylates specifically the 5’ and 2’(3’)- phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, and so protects mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. Has only marginal activity towards dIMP and dGMP (228 aa) | |||
AMPD3 | adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3; AMP deaminase plays a critical role in energy metabolism (776 aa) | |||
AKD1 | adenylate kinase domain containing 1 (1911 aa) | |||
GMPS | guanine monphosphate synthetase; Involved in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides which are not only essential for DNA and RNA synthesis, but also provide GTP, which is involved in a number of cellular processes important for cell division (693 aa) |