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TBL1X | transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked; F-box-like protein involved in the recruitment of the ubiquitin/19S proteasome complex to nuclear receptor-regulated transcription units. Plays an essential role in transcription activation mediated by nuclear receptors. Probably acts as integral component of corepressor complexes that mediates the recruitment of the 19S proteasome complex, leading to the subsequent proteasomal degradation of transcription repressor complexes, thereby allowing cofactor exchange (577 aa) | |||
MVK | mevalonate kinase; May be a regulatory site in cholesterol biosynthetic pathway (396 aa) | |||
PRKAB1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit; Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also [...] (270 aa) | |||
NFYB | nuclear transcription factor Y, beta; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters, for example in type 1 collagen, albumin and beta-actin genes (207 aa) | |||
TGS1 | trimethylguanosine synthase 1; Catalyzes the 2 serial methylation steps for the conversion of the 7-monomethylguanosine (m(7)G) caps of snRNAs and snoRNAs to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (m(2,2,7)G) cap structure. The enzyme is specific for guanine, and N7 methylation must precede N2 methylation. Hypermethylation of the m7G cap of U snRNAs leads to their concentration in nuclear foci, their colocalization with coilin and the formation of canonical Cajal bodies (CBs). Plays a role in transcriptional regulation (853 aa) | |||
SMARCD3 | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily d, member 3; Plays a role in ATP dependent nucleosome remodeling by SMARCA4 containing complexes. Stimulates nuclear receptor mediated transcription. Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and the neuron- specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex). During neural development a switch from a stem/progenitor to a post- mitotic chromatin remodeling mechanism occurs as neurons exit the cell cycle and become committed to their adult state. The trans [...] (483 aa) | |||
CREBBP | CREB binding protein; Acetylates histones, giving a specific tag for transcriptional activation. Also acetylates non-histone proteins, like NCOA3 and FOXO1. Binds specifically to phosphorylated CREB and enhances its transcriptional activity toward cAMP-responsive genes. Acts as a coactivator of ALX1 in the presence of EP300 (2442 aa) | |||
PPARA | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl- 2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16-0/18-1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety (By similarity). Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerizati [...] (468 aa) | |||
HMGCR | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including ubiquinone and geranylgeranyl proteins (888 aa) | |||
AMFR | autocrine motility factor receptor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the polyubiquitination of a number of proteins such as CD3D, CYP3A4, CFTR and APOB for proteasomal degradation. Component of a VCP/p97- AMFR/gp78 complex that participates in the final step of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). The VCP/p97- AMFR/gp78 complex is involved in the sterol-accelerated ERAD degradation of HMGCR through binding to the HMGCR-INSIG complex at the ER membrane and initiating ubiquitination of HMGCR. The ubiquitinated HMGCR is then released f [...] (643 aa) | |||
MED1 | mediator complex subunit 1; Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (1581 aa) | |||
NCOA1 | nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (1441 aa) | |||
HMGCS1 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (soluble); This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase (520 aa) | |||
CARM1 | coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; Methylates (mono- and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in several proteins involved in DNA packaging, transcription regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, and mRNA stability. Recruited to promoters upon gene activation together with histone acetyltransferases from EP300/P300 and p160 families, methylates histone H3 at ’Arg-17’ (H3R17me), forming mainly asymmetric dimethylarginine (H3R17me2a), leading to activate transcription via chromatin remodeling. During nuclear hormone receptor activation and TCF7L2/ [...] (608 aa) | |||
INSIG1 | insulin induced gene 1; Mediates feedback control of cholesterol synthesis by controlling SCAP and HMGCR. Functions by blocking the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Capable of retaining the SCAP-SREBF2 complex in the ER thus preventing it from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi. Initiates the sterol-mediated ubiquitin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of HMGCR via recruitment of the reductase to the ubiquitin ligase, AMFR/gp78. May play a role in growth and differentiation of tissues involved in metabolic control. May play a regul [...] (277 aa) | |||
UBC | ubiquitin C (685 aa) | |||
NFYA | nuclear transcription factor Y, alpha; Stimulates the transcription of various genes by recognizing and binding to a CCAAT motif in promoters, for example in type 1 collagen, albumin and beta-actin genes (347 aa) | |||
PRKAA1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as [...] (574 aa) | |||
NCOA6 | nuclear receptor coactivator 6; Nuclear receptor coactivator that directly binds nuclear receptors and stimulates the transcriptional activities in a hormone-dependent fashion. Coactivates expression in an agonist- and AF2-dependent manner. Involved in the coactivation of different nuclear receptors, such as for steroids (GR and ERs), retinoids (RARs and RXRs), thyroid hormone (TRs), vitamin D3 (VDR) and prostanoids (PPARs). Probably functions as a general coactivator, rather than just a nuclear receptor coactivator. May also be involved in the coactivation of the NF-kappa-B pathway. M [...] (2063 aa) | |||
SREBF2 | sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2; Transcriptional activator required for lipid homeostasis. Regulates transcription of the LDL receptor gene as well as the cholesterol and to a lesser degree the fatty acid synthesis pathway (By similarity). Binds the sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1) (5’-ATCACCCCAC-3’) found in the flanking region of the LDRL and HMG-CoA synthase genes (1141 aa) | |||
HMGCS2 | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (mitochondrial); This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase (508 aa) | |||
PRKAA2 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as [...] (552 aa) | |||
NFYC | nuclear transcription factor Y, gamma (354 aa) | |||
NCOA2 | nuclear receptor coactivator 2; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF- 2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1). Required with NCOA1 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues (1464 aa) | |||
TBL1XR1 | transducin (beta)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1; F-box-like protein involved in the recruitment of the ubiquitin/19S proteasome complex to nuclear receptor-regulated transcription units. Plays an essential role in transcription activation mediated by nuclear receptors. Probably acts as integral component of the N-Cor corepressor complex that mediates the recruitment of the 19S proteasome complex, leading to the subsequent proteasomal degradation of N-Cor complex, thereby allowing cofactor exchange, and transcription activation (514 aa) | |||
HELZ2 | helicase with zinc finger 2, transcriptional coactivator; Helicase that acts as a transcriptional coactivator for a number of nuclear receptors including PPARA, PPARG, THRA, THRB and RXRA (2649 aa) |