CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase; Catalyzes the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) as well as PtdIns-inositol exchange reaction. May thus act to reduce an excessive cellular PtdIns content. The exchange activity is due to the reverse reaction of PtdIns synthase and is dependent on CMP, which is tightly bound to the enzyme

NLR family member X1; Participates in antiviral signaling. Acts as a negative regulator of MAVS-mediated antiviral responses, through the inhibition of the virus-induced RLH (RIG-like helicase)-MAVS interaction (PubMed-18200010). Has no inhibitory function on NF- Kappa-B and type 1 interferon signaling pathways, but enhances NF- Kappa-B and JUN N-terminal kinase dependent signaling through the production of reactive oxygen species (PubMed-18219313)

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF- [...]

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma; Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin seems to play a role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. However, the specific type of polyubiquitin recognized upon cell stimulation (either ’Lys-63’- linked or linear polyubiquitin) and its functional importance is reported conflictingly. Als [...]

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian); Participates in the regulation of gene transcription. Binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5’-CAC[GA]TG-3’. Seems to activate the transcription of growth-related genes

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF- kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote ’Lys-63’-linked ubiquitination of [...]

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

TNF receptor-associated factor 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of ’Lys-63’-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF- kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Ad [...]

dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate

interferon induced with helicase C domain 1; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include mRNA lacking 2’-O- methylation at their 5’ cap and long-dsRNA (>1 kb in length). Upon ligand binding it associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) which activates the IKK-related kinases- TBK1 and IKBKE which phosphorylate interferon r [...]

dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate

mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein

dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate

NLR family member X1; Participates in antiviral signaling. Acts as a negative regulator of MAVS-mediated antiviral responses, through the inhibition of the virus-induced RLH (RIG-like helicase)-MAVS interaction (PubMed-18200010). Has no inhibitory function on NF- Kappa-B and type 1 interferon signaling pathways, but enhances NF- Kappa-B and JUN N-terminal kinase dependent signaling through the production of reactive oxygen species (PubMed-18219313)

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...]

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

interferon induced with helicase C domain 1; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include mRNA lacking 2’-O- methylation at their 5’ cap and long-dsRNA (>1 kb in length). Upon ligand binding it associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) which activates the IKK-related kinases- TBK1 and IKBKE which phosphorylate interferon r [...]

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF- [...]

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma; Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin seems to play a role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. However, the specific type of polyubiquitin recognized upon cell stimulation (either ’Lys-63’- linked or linear polyubiquitin) and its functional importance is reported conflictingly. Als [...]

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

NLR family member X1; Participates in antiviral signaling. Acts as a negative regulator of MAVS-mediated antiviral responses, through the inhibition of the virus-induced RLH (RIG-like helicase)-MAVS interaction (PubMed-18200010). Has no inhibitory function on NF- Kappa-B and type 1 interferon signaling pathways, but enhances NF- Kappa-B and JUN N-terminal kinase dependent signaling through the production of reactive oxygen species (PubMed-18219313)

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

ring finger protein 135; Acts as an E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, involved in innate immune defense against viruses. Ubiquitinates DDX58 and is required for full activation of the DDX58 signaling resulting in interferon beta production

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF- kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote ’Lys-63’-linked ubiquitination of [...]

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

TNF receptor-associated factor 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of ’Lys-63’-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF- kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Ad [...]