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HS3ST1 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to position 3 of glucosamine residues in heparan. Catalyzes the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HSact). This modification is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate as it completes the structure of the antithrombin pentasaccharide binding site (307 aa) | |||
B4GALT7 | xylosylprotein beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 7; Required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide linkage region of proteoglycans, especially for small proteoglycans in skin fibroblasts (327 aa) | |||
DCN | decorin; May affect the rate of fibrils formation (359 aa) | |||
APOC3 | apolipoprotein C-III; Inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase and decreases the uptake of lymph chylomicrons by hepatic cells. This suggests that it delays the catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles (99 aa) | |||
RBP1 | retinol binding protein 1, cellular; Intracellular transport of retinol (197 aa) | |||
APOB | apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen) (4563 aa) | |||
APOA1 | apolipoprotein A-I; Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility (267 aa) | |||
LRP1 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Required for early embryonic development. Involved in cellular lipid homeostasis. Involved in the plasma clearance of chylomicron remnants and activated LRPAP1 (alpha 2-macroglobulin), as well as the local metabolism of complexes between plasminogen activators and their endogenous inhibitors. May modulate cellular events, such as APP metabolism, kinase-dependent intracellular signaling, neuronal calcium signaling as well as neurotransmission (4544 aa) | |||
IDUA | iduronidase, alpha-L- (653 aa) | |||
APOE | apolipoprotein E; Mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apo B/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of hepatic tissues (317 aa) | |||
NCAN | neurocan; May modulate neuronal adhesion and neurite growth during development by binding to neural cell adhesion molecules (NG-CAM and N-CAM). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; binds to hyaluronic acid (1321 aa) | |||
SLC35D2 | solute carrier family 35, member D2; Antiporter transporting nucleotide sugars such as UDP-N- acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and GDP- mannose (GDP-Man) pooled in the cytosol into the lumen of the Golgi in exchange for the corresponding nucleosides monophosphates (UMP for UDP-sugars and GMP for GDP-sugars). May take part in heparan sulfate synthesis by supplying UDP-Glc-NAc, the donor substrate, and thus be involved in growth factor signaling (337 aa) | |||
SDC1 | syndecan 1; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and that links the cytoskeleton to the interstitial matrix (310 aa) | |||
HS6ST1 | heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 1; 6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate (411 aa) | |||
HS3ST2 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N- unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in GlcA2S-GlcNS. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate (367 aa) | |||
GLCE | glucuronic acid epimerase; Converts D-glucuronic acid residues adjacent to N- sulfate sugar residues to L-iduronic acid residues, both in maturing heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin chains. This is important for further modifications that determine the specificity of interactions between these glycosaminoglycans and proteins (617 aa) | |||
LRP2 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2; Acts together with cubilin to mediate HDL endocytosis (By similarity). May participate in regulation of parathyroid- hormone and para-thyroid-hormone-related protein release (4655 aa) | |||
GPC1 | glypican 1; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Binds, via the heparan sulfate side chains, alpha-4 (V) collagen and participates in Schwann cell myelination (By similarity). May act as a catalyst in increasing the rate of conversion of prion protein PRPN(C) to PRNP(Sc) via associating (via the heparan sulfate side chains) with both forms of PRPN, targeting them to lipid rafts and facilitating their interaction. Required for proper skeletal muscle differentiation by sequestering FGF2 in lipid rafts preventing its binding to receptors (FGFRs) and inhibiting the FGF-med [...] (558 aa) | |||
VCAN | versican; May play a role in intercellular signaling and in connecting cells with the extracellular matrix. May take part in the regulation of cell motility, growth and differentiation. Binds hyaluronic acid (3396 aa) | |||
HS3ST3A1 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N- unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in IdoUA2S-GlcNS and also in IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non- anticoagulant heparan sulfate to an [...] (406 aa) | |||
GPC2 | glypican 2; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. May fulfill a function related to the motile behaviors of developing neurons (By similarity) (579 aa) | |||
LRP8 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8, apolipoprotein e receptor; Cell surface receptor for Reelin (RELN) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing ligands. LRP8 participates in transmitting the extracellular Reelin signal to intracellular signaling processes, by binding to DAB1 on its cytoplasmic tail. Reelin acts via both the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) and LRP8 to regulate DAB1 tyrosine phosphorylation and microtubule function in neurons. LRP8 has higher affinity for Reelin than VLDLR. LRP8 is thus a key component of the Reelin pathway which governs neuronal layering of the fore [...] (963 aa) | |||
SDC2 | syndecan 2; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Regulates dendritic arbor morphogenesis (By similarity) (201 aa) | |||
HPSE | heparanase; Endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans. Participates in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodeling. Selectively cleaves the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying either a 3-O-sulfo or a 6-O-sulfo group. Can also cleave the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying a 2-O-sulfo group, but not linkages between a glucuronic acid unit and a 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid moiety. It is essentially inactive at ne [...] (543 aa) | |||
LPL | lipoprotein lipase; The primary function of this lipase is the hydrolysis of triglycerides of circulating chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Binding to heparin sulfate proteogylcans at the cell surface is vital to the function. The apolipoprotein, APOC2, acts as a coactivator of LPL activity in the presence of lipids on the luminal surface of vascular endothelium (By similarity) (475 aa) | |||
CSPG4 | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4; Proteoglycan playing a role in cell proliferation and migration which stimulates endothelial cells motility during microvascular morphogenesis. May also inhibit neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse during axon regeneration. Cell surface receptor for collagen alpha 2(VI) which may confer cells ability to migrate on that substrate. Binds through its extracellular N- terminus growth factors, extracellular matrix proteases modulating their activity. May regulate MPP16-dependent degradation and invasion of type I collagen participating in melanoma c [...] (2322 aa) |