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FSHB FSHB CGA CGA INHA INHA TGFB3 TGFB3 INHBC INHBC INHBE INHBE FST FST INHBB INHBB INHBA INHBA TGFB2 TGFB2 TGFB1 TGFB1 ACVR2A ACVR2A ACVR1B ACVR1B PTCH1 PTCH1 ACVR1 ACVR1 ACVR2B ACVR2B IHH IHH NODAL NODAL ACVR1C ACVR1C IGSF1 IGSF1 SHH SHH WNT5A WNT5A DHH DHH WNT2 WNT2 CHRD CHRD PTCH2 PTCH2
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Size
small protein node
small nodes:
protein of unknown 3D structure
large protein node
large nodes:
some 3D structure is known or predicted
Node Color
colored protein node
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
non-colored protein node
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding each other.
Known Interactions
database edge
from curated databases
experiment edge
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
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gene neighborhood
fusion edge
gene fusions
cooccurrence edge
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining edge
textmining
coexpression edge
co-expression
homology edge
protein homology
Your Input:
CHRDchordin (955 aa)
TGFB1transforming growth factor, beta 1; Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (390 aa)
TGFB3transforming growth factor, beta 3; Involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation (412 aa)
ACVR2Aactivin A receptor, type IIA; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin A, activin B and inhibin A (513 aa)
INHBAinhibin, beta A; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins (426 aa)
ACVR1Cactivin A receptor, type IC; Serine/threonine protein kinase which forms a receptor complex on ligand binding. The receptor complex consisting of 2 type II and 2 type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators, SMAD2 and SMAD3. Receptor for activin AB, activin B and NODAL. Plays a role in cell differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis (493 aa)
INHAinhibin, alpha; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins (366 aa)
FSHBfollicle stimulating hormone, beta polypeptide; Stimulates development of follicle and spermatogenesis in the reproductive organs (129 aa)
FSTfollistatin; Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (344 aa)
ACVR1activin A receptor, type I; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for activin. May be involved for left-right pattern formation during embryogenesis (By similarity) (509 aa)
WNT5Awingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates [...] (380 aa)
WNT2wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. May be a signaling molecule which affects the development of discrete regions of tissues. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters (360 aa)
INHBEinhibin, beta E; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins (350 aa)
DHHdesert hedgehog; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. May function as a spermatocyte survival factor in the testes. Essential for testes development (396 aa)
NODALnodal homolog (mouse); Essential for mesoderm formation and axial patterning during embryonic development (By similarity) (347 aa)
INHBBinhibin, beta B; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins (407 aa)
IHHIndian hedgehog; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. Implicated in endochondral ossification- may regulate the balance between growth and ossification of the developing bones. Induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) (By similarity) (411 aa)
SHHsonic hedgehog; Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. In the absence of SHH, PTC represses the constitutive signaling activity of SMO. Also regulates another target, the gli oncogene. Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development- signal produced by the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural tube and somites, and the polarizing signal for patterning of the anterior-posterior axis of the developing limb bud. Displays both floor plate- [...] (462 aa)
INHBCinhibin, beta C; Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins (352 aa)
PTCH1patched 1 (1447 aa)
ACVR2Bactivin A receptor, type IIB; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-2 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin type-1 serine/threonine kinase receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B or ACVR1c). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought [...] (512 aa)
TGFB2transforming growth factor, beta 2; TGF-beta 2 has suppressive effects on interleukin-2 dependent T-cell growth (442 aa)
CGAglycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide (116 aa)
IGSF1immunoglobulin superfamily, member 1; Seems to be a coreceptor in inhibin signaling, but seems not to be a high-affinity inhibin receptor. Antagonizes activin A signaling in the presence or absence of inhibin B (By similarity). Necessary to mediate a specific antagonistic effect of inhibin B on activin-stimulated transcription (1341 aa)
PTCH2patched 2; May have a role in epidermal development. May act as a receptor for Sonic hedgehog (SHH) (1203 aa)
ACVR1Bactivin A receptor, type IB; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-1 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin receptor type-2 (ACVR2A or ACVR2B). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to have a paracrine or autocri [...] (546 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, Homo, Homo sapiens, human, man
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