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PSMC4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 4; The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (418 aa) | |||
CDC6 | cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated (560 aa) | |||
PSMD7 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 7; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins (324 aa) | |||
KITLG | KIT ligand; Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK [...] (273 aa) | |||
GMNN | geminin, DNA replication inhibitor; Inhibits DNA replication by preventing the incorporation of MCM complex into pre-replication complex (pre-RC). It is degraded during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Its destruction at the metaphase-anaphase transition permits replication in the succeeding cell cycle (209 aa) | |||
CCNA1 | cyclin A1; May be involved in the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) and G2/M (mitosis) transitions. May primarily function in the control of the germline meiotic cell cycle and additionally in the control of mitotic cell cycle in some somatic cells (465 aa) | |||
MCM6 | minichromosome maintenance complex component 6; Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for ’once per cell cycle’ DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. The six ATPase active sites, however, are likely to contribute dif [...] (821 aa) | |||
ORC4 | origin recognition complex, subunit 4; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication (436 aa) | |||
PSMD3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 3; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins (534 aa) | |||
CDK2 | cyclin-dependent kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Interacts with cyclins A, B1, B3, D, or E. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and [...] (298 aa) | |||
SKP2 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F- box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. Specifically recognizes phosphorylated CDKN1B/p27kip and is involved in regulation of G1/S transition. Degradation of CDKN1B/p27kip also requires CKS1. Recognizes target proteins ORC1, CDT1, RBL2, MLL, CDK9, RAG2, FOXO1, UBP43, and probably MYC, TOB1 and [...] (424 aa) | |||
PSMB4 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 4; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal macrophage proteasome (By similarity). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1 (264 aa) | |||
PSME3 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 3 (PA28 gamma; Ki); Subunit of the 11S REG-gamma (also called PA28-gamma) proteasome regulator, a doughnut-shaped homoheptamer which associates with the proteasome. 11S REG-gamma activates the trypsin-like catalytic subunit of the proteasome but inhibits the chymotrypsin-like and postglutamyl-preferring (PGPH) subunits. Facilitates the MDM2-p53/TP53 interaction which promotes ubiquitination- and MDM2-dependent proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53, limiting its accumulation and resulting in inhibited apoptosis after DNA damage. May also b [...] (267 aa) | |||
CDT1 | chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1; Cooperates with CDC6 to promote the loading of the mini- chromosome maintenance complex onto chromatin to form the pre- replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication. Binds DNA in a sequence-, strand-, and conformation-independent manner. Potential oncogene (546 aa) | |||
PSMA8 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, 8; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity (By similarity). This may be a testis-specific subunit (256 aa) | |||
UBC | ubiquitin C (685 aa) | |||
PSMD12 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 12; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins (456 aa) | |||
CDC5L | CDC5 cell division cycle 5-like (S. pombe); DNA-binding protein involved in cell cycle control. May act as a transcription activator. Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing (802 aa) | |||
ORC1 | origin recognition complex, subunit 1; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication (861 aa) | |||
TFDP1 | transcription factor Dp-1; Can stimulate E2F-dependent transcription. Binds DNA cooperatively with E2F family members through the E2 recognition site, 5’-TTTC[CG]CGC-3’, found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DP2/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. The E2F1/DP complex appears to mediate both cell proliferation and apoptosis (410 aa) | |||
POLA1 | polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1, catalytic subunit; Plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. During the S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA polymerase alpha complex (composed of a catalytic subunit POLA1/p180, a regulatory subunit POLA2/p70 and two primase subunits PRIM1/p49 and PRIM2/p58) is recruited to DNA at the replicative forks via direct interactions with MCM10 and WDHD1. The primase subunit of the polymerase alpha complex initiates DNA synthesis by oligomerising short RNA primers on both leading and lagging strands. These primers are initially extended by [...] (1462 aa) | |||
PCNA | proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase’s processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3’- 5’ exonuclease and 3’-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic- apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA re [...] (261 aa) | |||
DHFR | dihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA and that of DHFRL1 (187 aa) | |||
PSMC6 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 6; The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (403 aa) | |||
CDC45 | cell division cycle 45 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Required for initiation of chromosomal DNA replication (598 aa) | |||
PSMD9 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 9; Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the base subcomplex of the PA700/19S regulatory complex (RC). During the base subcomplex assembly is part of an intermediate PSMD9-PSMC6-PSMC3 module, also known as modulator trimer complex; PSMD9 is released during the further base assembly process (223 aa) |