ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10; Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha at ’76-Ala-|-Val-77’ to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including heparin-binding epidermal growth- like factor, ephrin-A2 and for constitutive and regulated alpha- secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Contributes to the normal cleavage of the cellular prion protein. Involved in the cleavage of the adhesion molecule L1 at the [...]

ubiquitin B

ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10; Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha at ’76-Ala-|-Val-77’ to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including heparin-binding epidermal growth- like factor, ephrin-A2 and for constitutive and regulated alpha- secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Contributes to the normal cleavage of the cellular prion protein. Involved in the cleavage of the adhesion molecule L1 at the [...]

ubiquitin C

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

H2A histone family, member X; Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in resp [...]

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

origin recognition complex, subunit 6; Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase’s processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3’- 5’ exonuclease and 3’-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic- apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA re [...]

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4; Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Displays selectivity for longer polyubiquitin chains. Modulates intestinal fluid secretion

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 5; Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the base subcomplex of the PA700/19S regulatory complex (RC). In the initial step of the base subcomplex assembly is part of an intermediate PSMD5-PSMC2-PSMC1-PSMD2 module which probably assembles with a PSMD10-PSMC4-PSMC5-PAAF1 module followed by dissociation of PSMD5

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 2 (PA28 beta); Implicated in immunoproteasome assembly and required for efficient antigen processing. The PA28 activator complex enhances the generation of class I binding peptides by altering the cleavage pattern of the proteasome

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

thyroid hormone receptor interactor 12; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in ubiquitin fusion degradation (UFD) pathway and regulation of DNA repair. Part of the ubiquitin fusion degradation (UFD) pathway, a process that mediates ubiquitination of protein at their N-terminus, regardeless of the presence of lysine residues in target proteins. In normal cells, mediates ubiquitination and degradation of isoform p19ARF/ARF of CDKN2A, a lysine-less tumor suppressor required for p53/TP53 activation under oncogenic stress. In cancer cells, however, isoform p19ARF/ARF and TRIP12 are located [...]

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

ubiquitin B

cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Also participates in checkpoint controls that ensure DNA replication is completed before mitosis is initiated

ubiquitin C

cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like); Blue light-dependent regulator of the circadian feedback loop. Inhibits CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL E box-mediated transcription. Acts, in conjunction with CRY2, in maintaining period length and circadian rhythmicity. Has no photolyase activity. Capable of translocating circadian clock core proteins such as PER proteins to the nucleus. May inhibit CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL transcriptional activity through stabilizing the unphosphorylated form of ARNTL

ubiquitin B

cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like); Blue light-dependent regulator of the circadian feedback loop. Inhibits CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL E box-mediated transcription. Acts, in conjunction with CRY2, in maintaining period length and circadian rhythmicity. Has no photolyase activity. Capable of translocating circadian clock core proteins such as PER proteins to the nucleus. May inhibit CLOCK|NPAS2-ARNTL transcriptional activity through stabilizing the unphosphorylated form of ARNTL

ubiquitin C

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

proliferating cell nuclear antigen; Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase’s processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3’- 5’ exonuclease and 3’-phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic- apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA re [...]

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

ubiquitin B

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

ubiquitin C

DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...]

ubiquitin specific peptidase 21; Deubiquitinates histone H2A, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression, thereby acting as a coactivator. Deubiquitination of histone H2A releaves the repression of di- and trimethylation of histone H3 at ’Lys-4’, resulting in regulation of transcriptional initiation. Regulates gene expression via histone H2A deubiquitination (By similarity). Also capable of removing NEDD8 from NEDD8 conjugates but has no effect on Sentrin-1 conjugates

dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila); Participates in Wnt signaling by binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of frizzled family members and transducing the Wnt signal to down-stream effectors. Promotes internalization and degradation of frizzled proteins upon Wnt signaling. Plays a role both in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Plays a role in the signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple Wnt genes (By similarity)

par-6 partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha (C. elegans); Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Probably involved in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. Association with PARD3 may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly. The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins

dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila); Participates in Wnt signaling by binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of frizzled family members and transducing the Wnt signal to down-stream effectors. Promotes internalization and degradation of frizzled proteins upon Wnt signaling. Plays a role both in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Plays a role in the signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple Wnt genes (By similarity)

proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4; Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Displays selectivity for longer polyubiquitin chains. Modulates intestinal fluid secretion

dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila); Participates in Wnt signaling by binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of frizzled family members and transducing the Wnt signal to down-stream effectors. Promotes internalization and degradation of frizzled proteins upon Wnt signaling. Plays a role both in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling. Plays a role in the signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple Wnt genes (By similarity)

proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 5; Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the base subcomplex of the PA700/19S regulatory complex (RC). In the initial step of the base subcomplex assembly is part of an intermediate PSMD5-PSMC2-PSMC1-PSMD2 module which probably assembles with a PSMD10-PSMC4-PSMC5-PAAF1 module followed by dissociation of PSMD5