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ARHGDIG | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) gamma; Inhibits GDP/GTP exchange reaction of RhoB. Interacts specifically with the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of post- translationally processed Rhob and Rhog proteins, both of which show a growth-regulated expression in mammalian cells. Stimulates the release of the GDP-bound but not the GTP-bound RhoB protein. Also inhibits the GDP/GTP exchange of RhoB but shows less ability to inhibit the dissociation of prebound GTP (225 aa) | |||
ARHGDIB | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) beta; Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the Rho proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them (201 aa) | |||
RAC2 | ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2); Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. Augments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (192 aa) | |||
PAK6 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 6; Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in the regulation of gene transcription. The kinase activity is induced by various effectors including AR or MAP2K6/MAPKK6. Phosphorylates the DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor/AR and thereby inhibits AR-mediated transcription. Inhibits also ESR1-mediated transcription. May play a role in cytoskeleton regulation by interacting with IQGAP1. May protect cells from apoptosis through phosphorylation of BAD (681 aa) | |||
ARHGDIA | Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) alpha; Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the Rho proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. In glioma cells, inhibits cell migration and invasion by mediating the signals of SEMA5A and PLXNB3 that lead to inactivation of RAC1 (By similarity) (204 aa) | |||
PI4KB | phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, beta; Phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the first committed step in the production of the second messenger inositol- 1,4,5,-trisphosphate (PIP). May regulate Golgi disintegration/reorganization during mitosis, possibly via its phosphorylation. Involved in Golgi-to-plasma membrane trafficking (By similarity) (828 aa) | |||
RHOB | ras homolog family member B; Mediates apoptosis in neoplastically transformed cells after DNA damage. Not essential for development but affects cell adhesion and growth factor signaling in transformed cells. Plays a negative role in tumorigenesis as deletion causes tumor formation. Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number of proteins. Targets PKN1 to endosomes and is involved in trafficking of the EGF receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. Also required for stability and nuclear trafficking of AKT1/AKT which promotes endothelial cell survival during vascular develo [...] (196 aa) | |||
PAK1 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1; Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby [...] (553 aa) | |||
RHOC | ras homolog family member C; Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Serves as a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates apical junction formation in bronchial epithelial cells (193 aa) | |||
PLXNB1 | plexin B1; Receptor for SEMA4D. Plays a role in RHOA activation and subsequent changes of the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration (2135 aa) | |||
RND1 | Rho family GTPase 1; Lacks intrinsic GTPase activity. Has a low affinity for GDP, and constitutively binds GTP. Controls rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. Induces the Rac-dependent neuritic process formation in part by disruption of the cortical actin filaments. Causes the formation of many neuritic processes from the cell body with disruption of the cortical actin filaments (232 aa) | |||
RHOD | ras homolog family member D; Involved in endosome dynamics. May coordinate membrane transport with the function of the cytoskeleton. Participates in reorganization of actin cytoskeleton (By similarity) (210 aa) | |||
PAK2 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 2; Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream [...] (524 aa) | |||
CDC42 | cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa); Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of thin, actin-rich surface projections called filopodia. Mediates CDC42-dependent cell migration (191 aa) | |||
PAK7 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 7; Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, proliferation or cell survival. Activation by various effectors including growth factor receptors or active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates the proto-oncogene RAF1 and stimulates its kinase activity. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating the BCL2 antagonist of cell death BAD. Phosph [...] (719 aa) | |||
FES | feline sarcoma oncogene (822 aa) | |||
RHOG | ras homolog family member G; Required for the formation of membrane ruffles during macropinocytosis. Plays a role in cell migration and is required for the formation of cup-like structures during trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes. In case of Salmonella enterica infection, activated by SopB and ARHGEF26/SGEF, which induces cytoskeleton rearrangements and promotes bacterial entry (191 aa) | |||
RAB11FIP2 | RAB11 family interacting protein 2 (class I); A Rab11 effector protein acting in the regulation of the transport of vesicles from the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC) to the plasma membrane. Also involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and membrane trafficking of recycling endosomes, probably originating from clathrin-coated vesicles. Binds preferentially to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdInsP3) and phosphatidic acid (PA). Required in a complex with MYO5B and RAB11 for the transport of NPC1L1 to the plasma membrane. Also acts as a regulator of cell polarity (512 aa) | |||
RAC1 | ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1); Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in ma [...] (211 aa) | |||
PAK4 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 4; Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, growth, proliferation or cell survival. Activation by various effectors including growth factor receptors or active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates and inactivates the protein phosphatase SSH1, leading to increased inhibitory phosphorylation of the actin binding/depolymerizing factor co [...] (591 aa) | |||
PAK3 | p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 3 (580 aa) | |||
PLXNA2 | plexin A2; Coreceptor for SEMA3A and SEMA6A. Necessary for signaling by SEMA6A and class 3 semaphorins and subsequent remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Plays a role in axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration. Class 3 semaphorins bind to a complex composed of a neuropilin and a plexin. The plexin modulates the affinity of the complex for specific semaphorins, and its cytoplasmic domain is required for the activation of down- stream signaling events in the cytoplasm (By similarity) (1894 aa) | |||
PLEKHG5 | pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G (with RhoGef domain) member 5 (1083 aa) | |||
PLXNA1 | plexin A1; Coreceptor for SEMA3A, SEMA3C, SEMA3F and SEMA6D. Necessary for signaling by class 3 semaphorins and subsequent remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Plays a role in axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration. Class 3 semaphorins bind to a complex composed of a neuropilin and a plexin. The plexin modulates the affinity of the complex for specific semaphorins, and its cytoplasmic domain is required for the activation of down- stream signaling events in the cytoplasm (By similarity) (1896 aa) | |||
ARHGAP35 | Rho GTPase activating protein 35; Represses transcription of the glucocorticoid receptor by binding to the cis-acting regulatory sequence 5’- GAGAAAAGAAACTGGAGAAACTC-3’. May participate in the regulation of retinal development and degeneration. May transduce signals from p21-ras to the nucleus, acting via the ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP). May also act as a tumor suppressor (1499 aa) | |||
RHOA | ras homolog family member A; Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essential role in cleavage furrow formation. Required for the apical junction formation of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion. Serves as a target for the yopT cysteine peptidase from Yersinia pestis, vector of the plague, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which causes gastrointestinal disor [...] (193 aa) |