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GNB3 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction (340 aa) | |||
GNG13 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction (67 aa) | |||
GNGT1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction (By similarity) (74 aa) | |||
GNAT2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha transducing activity polypeptide 2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Transducin is an amplifier and one of the transducers of a visual impulse that performs the coupling between rhodopsin and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (354 aa) | |||
GUCY2D | guanylate cyclase 2D, membrane (retina-specific); Probably plays a specific functional role in the rods and/or cones of photoreceptors. It may be the enzyme involved in the resynthesis of cGMP required for recovery of the dark state after phototransduction (1103 aa) | |||
GUCY2C | guanylate cyclase 2C (heat stable enterotoxin receptor); Receptor for the E.coli heat-stable enterotoxin (E.coli enterotoxin markedly stimulates the accumulation of cGMP in mammalian cells expressing GC-C). Also activated by the endogenous peptides guanylin and uroguanylin (1073 aa) | |||
RGS9 | regulator of G-protein signaling 9; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to G(t)-alpha. Involved in phototransduction; key element in the recovery phase of visual transduction (By similarity) (674 aa) | |||
WNT5A | wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta-catenin-induced reporter gene expression. Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates [...] (380 aa) | |||
PDE6H | phosphodiesterase 6H, cGMP-specific, cone, gamma; Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G-protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones (83 aa) | |||
ADCY8 | adenylate cyclase 8 (brain); This is a membrane-bound, calcium-stimulable adenylyl cyclase. May be involved in learning, in memory and in drug dependence (By similarity) (1251 aa) | |||
ENTPD3 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3; Has a threefold preference for the hydrolysis of ATP over ADP (529 aa) | |||
CANT1 | calcium activated nucleotidase 1; Calcium-dependent nucleotidase with a preference for UDP. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP > GDP > UTP > GTP. Has very low activity towards ADP and even lower activity towards ATP. Does not hydrolyze AMP and GMP. Involved in proteoglycan synthesis (401 aa) | |||
ADCY4 | adenylate cyclase 4; This is a membrane-bound, calmodulin-insensitive adenylyl cyclase (By similarity) (1077 aa) | |||
FZD2 | frizzled family receptor 2; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK- 3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both p [...] (565 aa) | |||
PDE6G | phosphodiesterase 6G, cGMP-specific, rod, gamma; Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G-protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones (87 aa) | |||
PDE2A | phosphodiesterase 2A, cGMP-stimulated; Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual- specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes (941 aa) | |||
ENTPD5 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5; Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N- glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. Also hydrolyzes GDP and IDP but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thiamine pyrophosphate. Plays a ke [...] (428 aa) | |||
NT5C2 | 5’-nucleotidase, cytosolic II; May have a critical role in the maintenance of a constant composition of intracellular purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in cooperation with other nucleotidases. Preferentially hydrolyzes inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP) and other purine nucleotides (561 aa) | |||
FZD5 | frizzled family receptor 5; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK- 3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both p [...] (585 aa) | |||
GUK1 | guanylate kinase 1; Essential for recycling GMP and indirectly, cGMP (241 aa) | |||
GNG5 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 5; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction (68 aa) | |||
GNG10 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 10; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction. Interacts with beta-1 and beta-2, but not with beta-3 (68 aa) | |||
ENTPD6 | ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6 (putative); Might support glycosylation reactions in the Golgi apparatus and, when released from cells, might catalyze the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 5’-diphosphates, nucleoside 5’-triphosphates are hydrolyzed only to a minor extent, there is no hydrolysis of nucleoside 5’-monophosphates. The order of activity with different substrates is GDP > IDP >> UDP = CDP >> ADP (By similarity) (484 aa) | |||
GNB1 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction (340 aa) | |||
NT5M | 5’,3’-nucleotidase, mitochondrial; Dephosphorylates specifically the 5’ and 2’(3’)- phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, and so protects mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. Has only marginal activity towards dIMP and dGMP (228 aa) | |||
GMPS | guanine monphosphate synthetase; Involved in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides which are not only essential for DNA and RNA synthesis, but also provide GTP, which is involved in a number of cellular processes important for cell division (693 aa) |