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CYP26B1 | cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (512 aa) | |||
HSD17B2 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 2; Capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione, as well as estradiol and estrone. Also has 20-alpha-HSD activity. Uses NADH while EDH17B3 uses NADPH (387 aa) | |||
ADH1A | alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide (375 aa) | |||
SULT1E1 | sulfotransferase family 1E, estrogen-preferring, member 1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of estradiol and estrone. May play a role in the regulation of estrogen receptor activity by metabolizing free estradiol. Maximally sulfates beta-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM. Also sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, ethinylestradiol, equalenin, diethylstilbesterol and 1-naphthol, at significantly higher concentrations; however, cortisol, testosterone and dopamine are not sulfated (294 aa) | |||
AKR1D1 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member D1 (delta 4-3-ketosteroid-5-beta-reductase); Efficiently catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. The bile acid intermediates 7- alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7-alpha-hydroxy-4- cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates (326 aa) | |||
ALDH1A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2; Recognizes as substrates free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal. Does metabolize octanal and decanal but does not metabolize citral, benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal efficiently (By similarity) (518 aa) | |||
CYP2E1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1; Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms (493 aa) | |||
HSD17B7 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 7; Responsible for the reduction of the keto group on the C-3 of sterols (341 aa) | |||
CYP1B1 | cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics (543 aa) | |||
CYP2C9 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan (490 aa) | |||
AKR1C4 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C4 (chlordecone reductase; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type I; dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 4) (323 aa) | |||
BLVRA | biliverdin reductase A; Reduces the gamma-methene bridge of the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IX alpha, to bilirubin with the concomitant oxidation of a NADH or NADPH cofactor (296 aa) | |||
SRD5A1 | steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 1 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 1); Converts testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5- alpha-3-oxosteroids. It plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology (259 aa) | |||
HSD17B12 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 12; Catalyzes the transformation of estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2), suggesting a central role in estrogen formation. Its strong expression in ovary and mammary gland suggest that it may constitute the major enzyme responsible for the conversion of E1 to E2 in women. Also has 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase activity, reducing both long chain 3-ketoacyl-CoAs and long chain fatty acyl-CoAs, suggesting a role in long fatty acid elongation (312 aa) | |||
CYP26C1 | cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily C, polypeptide 1; Plays a role in retinoic acid metabolism. Acts on retinoids, including all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and its stereoisomer 9-cis-RA (preferred substrate) (522 aa) | |||
ADH5 | alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide; Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione (374 aa) | |||
ADH1B | alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide (375 aa) | |||
CYP2S1 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily S, polypeptide 1; Has a potential importance for extrahepatic xenobiotic metabolism (504 aa) | |||
CYP4A11 | cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide 11; Catalyzes the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of various fatty acids such as laurate, myristate and palmitate. Has little activity toward prostaglandins A1 and E1. Oxidizes arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) (519 aa) | |||
CES2 | carboxylesterase 2; Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Shows high catalytic efficiency for hydrolysis of cocaine, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, heroin and 6-monoacetylmorphine (623 aa) | |||
UGDH | UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; Involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans; hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate (494 aa) | |||
CYP3A4 | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4; Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1’-hydroxylation and midazolam 4- hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2- exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (503 aa) | |||
UGT2B15 | UDP glucuronosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B15; UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme displays activity toward several classes of xenobiotic substrates, including simple phenolic compounds, 7-hydroxylated coumarins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and certain drugs and their hydroxylated metabolites. It also catalyzes the glucuronidation of endogenous estrogens and androgens (530 aa) | |||
CYP2D6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6; Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants (497 aa) | |||
HSD17B3 | hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3; Favors the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone. Uses NADPH while the two other EDH17B enzymes use NADH (310 aa) | |||
ADH7 | alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide; Could function in retinol oxidation for the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the best substrates. Ethanol is not a good substrate but at the high ethanol concentrations reached in the digestive tract, it plays a role in the ethanol oxidation and contributes to the first pass ethanol metabolism (394 aa) |