adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible; Hydrolyzes GTP to GMP in two consecutive cleavage reactions. Exhibits antiviral activity against influenza virus. Promote oxidative killing and deliver antimicrobial peptides to autophagolysosomes, providing broad host protection against different pathogen classes (By similarity)

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

major histocompatibility complex, class I, A; Involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system (By similarity)

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

major histocompatibility complex, class I, C; Involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system (By similarity)

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon-induced protein 35; Not yet known

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon induced transmembrane protein 3; IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm, permitting endocytosis, but preventing subsequent viral fusion and release of viral contents into the cytosol. Active against multiple viruses, including influenza A virus, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV), Dengue virus (DNV), West Nile virus (WNV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Can inhibit- influenza virus hemagglutinin protein-mediated viral entry, MARV and [...]

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon regulatory factor 1; Transcriptional regulator which displays a remarkable functional diversity in the regulation of cellular responses. These include the regulation of IFN and IFN-inducible genes, host response to viral and bacterial infections, regulation of many genes expressed during hematopoiesis, inflammation, immune responses and cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the cell cycle and induction of growth arrest and programmed cell death following DNA damage. Stimulates both innate and acquired immune responses through the activation of specific target [...]

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon regulatory factor 2; Specifically binds to the upstream regulatory region of type I IFN and IFN-inducible MHC class I genes (the interferon consensus sequence (ICS)) and represses those genes. Also acts as an activator for several genes including H4 and IL7. Constitutively binds to the ISRE promoter to activate IL7. Involved in cell cycle regulation through binding the site II (HiNF-M) promoter region of H4 and activating transcription during cell growth. Antagonizes IRF1 transcriptional activation

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon regulatory factor 4; Transcriptional activator. Binds to the interferon- stimulated response element (ISRE) of the MHC class I promoter. Binds the immunoglobulin lambda light chain enhancer, together with PU.1. Probably plays a role in ISRE-targeted signal transduction mechanisms specific to lymphoid cells. Involved in CD8(+) dendritic cell differentiation by forming a complex with the BATF-JUNB heterodimer in immune cells, leading to recognition of AICE sequence (5’-TGAnTCA/GAAA-3’), an immune-specific regulatory element, followed by cooperative binding of BATF and IRF4 and [...]

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon regulatory factor 5

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon regulatory factor 7; Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses and plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Can efficiently activate both the IFN-beta (IFNB) and the IFN-alpha (IFNA) genes and mediate their induction via both the virus-activated, MyD88- independent pathway and the TLR-activated, MyD88-dependent [...]

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon regulatory factor 8; Specifically binds to the upstream regulatory region of type I IFN and IFN-inducible MHC class I genes (the interferon consensus sequence (ICS)). Plays a negative regulatory role in cells of the immune system. Involved in CD8(+) dendritic cell differentiation by forming a complex with the BATF-JUNB heterodimer in immune cells, leading to recognition of AICE sequence (5’-TGAnTCA/GAAA-3’), an immune-specific regulatory element, followed by cooperative binding of BATF and IRF8 and activation of genes (By similarity)

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon regulatory factor 9; Transcription regulatory factor that mediates signaling by type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Following type I IFN binding to cell surface receptors, Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with IRF9/ISGF3G to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier; Ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to intracellular target proteins after IFN-alpha or IFN-beta stimulation. Its enzymatic pathway is partially distinct from that of ubiquitin, differing in substrate specificity and interaction with ligating enzymes. ISG15 conjugation pathway uses a dedicated E1 enzyme, but seems to converge with the Ub conjugation pathway at the level of a specific E2 enzyme. Targets include STAT1, SERPINA3G/SPI2A, JAK1, MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, EIF2AK2/PKR, MX1/MxA, and RIG-1. Deconjugated by USP18/UBP43. Shows specific chemotactic act [...]

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa; Exonuclease with specificity for single-stranded RNA and, to a lesser extent for DNA. Degrades RNA at a rate that is approximately 35-fold higher than its rate for single-stranded DNA. Involved in the antiviral function of IFN against RNA viruses

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46kDa

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase 2, 69/71kDa; Interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated antiviral enzyme which plays a critical role in cellular innate antiviral response. In addition, it may also play a role in other cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation and gene regulation. Synthesizes higher oligomers of 2’-5’-oligoadenylates (2-5A) from ATP which then bind to the inactive monomeric form of ribonuclease L (RNase L) leading to its dimerization and subsequent activation. Activation of RNase L leads to degradation of cellular as well as viral RNA, resulting in the [...]

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

2’-5’-oligoadenylate synthetase-like; Does not have 2’-5’-OAS activity, but can bind double- stranded RNA. Displays antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

signal transducer and activator of transcription 2, 113kDa; Signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates signaling by type I IFNs (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Following type I IFN binding to cell surface receptors, Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, wh [...]