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PYGL | phosphorylase, glycogen, liver; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity) (847 aa) | |||
PYGB | phosphorylase, glycogen; brain; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity) (843 aa) | |||
PPP1R3C | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3C; Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1 and regulates its activity. Activates glycogen synthase, reduces glycogen phosphorylase activity and limits glycogen breakdown. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in a variety of cell types (317 aa) | |||
CDK7 | cyclin-dependent kinase 7; Serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle control and in RNA polymerase II-mediated RNA transcription. Cyclin- dependent kinases (CDKs) are activated by the binding to a cyclin and mediate the progression through the cell cycle. Each different complex controls a specific transition between 2 subsequent phases in the cell cycle. Required for both activation and complex formation of CDK1/cyclin-B during G2-M transition, and for activation of CDK2/cyclins during G1-S transition (but not complex formation). CDK7 is the catalytic subunit of the CDK-activating [...] (346 aa) | |||
CCNT1 | cyclin T1; Regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin-T1) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor B (P-TEFb), which is proposed to facilitate the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (carboxy-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). In case of HIV or SIV infections, binds to the transactivation domain of the viral nuclear transcriptional activator, Tat, thereby increasing Tat’s affinity for the transactivating response RNA element (TAR RNA). Serves as an essential cofa [...] (726 aa) | |||
PPP1R3A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A; Seems to act as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1. PP1 is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Plays an important role in glycogen synthesis but is not essential for insulin activation of glycogen synthase (By similarity) (1122 aa) | |||
PPP1CB | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, beta isozyme; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase (PP1) is essential for cell division, it participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during [...] (327 aa) | |||
CALML6 | calmodulin-like 6 (181 aa) | |||
PPP1R3B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3B; Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for phosphatase PP1. Facilitates interaction of the PP1 with enzymes of the glycogen metabolism and regulates its activity. Suppresses the rate at which PP1 dephosphorylates (inactivates) glycogen phosphorylase and enhances the rate at which it activates glycogen synthase and therefore limits glycogen breakdown. Its activity is inhibited by PYGL, resulting in inhibition of the glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase activities of PP1. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated g [...] (285 aa) | |||
PRKACA | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA, TRPC1 and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose-mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in th [...] (351 aa) | |||
CALML3 | calmodulin-like 3; May be similar to that of authentic calmodulin and may actually compete with calmodulin by binding, with different affinities, to cellular substrates (149 aa) | |||
PRKAG1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Al [...] (340 aa) | |||
PPP1CA | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent p [...] (341 aa) | |||
PPP1CC | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, gamma isozyme; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Dephosphorylates RPS6KB1. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density- associated Ca [...] (323 aa) | |||
PRKAA1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as [...] (574 aa) | |||
CALM1 | calmodulin 1 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) (149 aa) | |||
AKAP4 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 4; Major structural component of sperm fibrous sheath. Plays a role in sperm motility (854 aa) | |||
PRKAR1A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells (381 aa) | |||
PRKAR1B | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, beta; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells (381 aa) | |||
ERC1 | ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 1 (1116 aa) | |||
IKBKG | inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma; Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin seems to play a role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. However, the specific type of polyubiquitin recognized upon cell stimulation (either ’Lys-63’- linked or linear polyubiquitin) and its functional importance is reported conflictingly. Als [...] (487 aa) | |||
PPP1R3D | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3D; Seems to act as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1. PP1 is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis (299 aa) | |||
PHKA2 | phosphorylase kinase, alpha 2 (liver); Phosphorylase b kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine in certain substrates, including troponin I. The alpha chain may bind calmodulin (1235 aa) | |||
CALML5 | calmodulin-like 5; Binds calcium. May be involved in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes (146 aa) | |||
GYG2 | glycogenin 2; Self-glucosylates, via an inter-subunit mechanism, to form an oligosaccharide primer that serves as substrate for glycogen synthase (501 aa) | |||
PPP1R3E | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3E; Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1. PP1 is involved in glycogen metabolism and contributes to the activation of glycogen synthase leading to an increase in glycogen synthesis (279 aa) |