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PYGL | phosphorylase, glycogen, liver; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity) (847 aa) | |||
PYGB | phosphorylase, glycogen; brain; Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties (By similarity) (843 aa) | |||
PPP1R3C | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3C; Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1 and regulates its activity. Activates glycogen synthase, reduces glycogen phosphorylase activity and limits glycogen breakdown. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in a variety of cell types (317 aa) | |||
MNAT1 | menage a trois homolog 1, cyclin H assembly factor (Xenopus laevis); Stabilizes the cyclin H-CDK7 complex to form a functional CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation. CAK complexed to the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor activates RNA polymerase II by serine phosphorylation of the repetitive C-terminus domain (CTD) of its large subunit (POLR2A), allowing its escape from the promoter and elongation of the transcripts. Involved in cell cycle control and in RNA transcription by [...] (309 aa) | |||
CCNT1 | cyclin T1; Regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin-T1) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor B (P-TEFb), which is proposed to facilitate the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (carboxy-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). In case of HIV or SIV infections, binds to the transactivation domain of the viral nuclear transcriptional activator, Tat, thereby increasing Tat’s affinity for the transactivating response RNA element (TAR RNA). Serves as an essential cofa [...] (726 aa) | |||
GTF2H1 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 1, 62kDa; Component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II (548 aa) | |||
GTF2H2 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 2, 44kDa; Component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. The N-terminus interacts with and regulates XPD whereas an intact C- terminus is required for a successful escape of RNAP II form the promoter (395 aa) | |||
PPP1R3A | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A; Seems to act as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1. PP1 is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Plays an important role in glycogen synthesis but is not essential for insulin activation of glycogen synthase (By similarity) (1122 aa) | |||
ERCC3 | excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 3; ATP-dependent 3’-5’ DNA helicase, component of the core- TFIIH basal transcription factor, involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Acts by opening DNA either around the RNA transcription start site or the DNA damage (782 aa) | |||
PPP1CB | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, beta isozyme; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase (PP1) is essential for cell division, it participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during [...] (327 aa) | |||
PYDC1 | PYD (pyrin domain) containing 1; Associates with apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a CARD domain (ASC) and modulates its ability to collaborate with pyrin and cryopyrin in NF-kappa-B and pro- caspase-1 activation. Suppresses kinase activity of NF-kappa-B inhibitor kinase (IKK) complex, expression of NF-kappa-B inducible genes and inhibits NF-kappa-B activation by cytokines and LPS (89 aa) | |||
CALML6 | calmodulin-like 6 (181 aa) | |||
PPP1R3B | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3B; Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for phosphatase PP1. Facilitates interaction of the PP1 with enzymes of the glycogen metabolism and regulates its activity. Suppresses the rate at which PP1 dephosphorylates (inactivates) glycogen phosphorylase and enhances the rate at which it activates glycogen synthase and therefore limits glycogen breakdown. Its activity is inhibited by PYGL, resulting in inhibition of the glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase activities of PP1. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated g [...] (285 aa) | |||
CALML3 | calmodulin-like 3; May be similar to that of authentic calmodulin and may actually compete with calmodulin by binding, with different affinities, to cellular substrates (149 aa) | |||
PRKAG1 | protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes- inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Al [...] (340 aa) | |||
PPP1CA | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent p [...] (341 aa) | |||
PPP1CC | protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, gamma isozyme; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Dephosphorylates RPS6KB1. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density- associated Ca [...] (323 aa) | |||
CALM1 | calmodulin 1 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) (149 aa) | |||
PRKAR1B | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, beta; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells (381 aa) | |||
CHUK | conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus [...] (745 aa) | |||
PPP1R3D | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3D; Seems to act as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1. PP1 is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis (299 aa) | |||
PHKA2 | phosphorylase kinase, alpha 2 (liver); Phosphorylase b kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine in certain substrates, including troponin I. The alpha chain may bind calmodulin (1235 aa) | |||
CALML5 | calmodulin-like 5; Binds calcium. May be involved in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes (146 aa) | |||
GYG2 | glycogenin 2; Self-glucosylates, via an inter-subunit mechanism, to form an oligosaccharide primer that serves as substrate for glycogen synthase (501 aa) | |||
PPP1R3E | protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3E; Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1. PP1 is involved in glycogen metabolism and contributes to the activation of glycogen synthase leading to an increase in glycogen synthesis (279 aa) | |||
GTF2H3 | general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 3, 34kDa; Component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Anchors XPB (308 aa) |