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XYLT2 | xylosyltransferase II; Probably catalyzes the first step in biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan. Transfers D-xylose from UDP-D-xylose to specific serine residues of the core protein. Initial enzyme in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans in fibroblasts and chondrocytes (By similarity). Its enzyme activity has not been demonstrated (865 aa) | |||
B4GALT7 | xylosylprotein beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 7; Required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide linkage region of proteoglycans, especially for small proteoglycans in skin fibroblasts (327 aa) | |||
CHPF2 | chondroitin polymerizing factor 2; Transfers glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA to N- acetylgalactosamine residues on the non-reducing end of the elongating chondroitin polymer. Has no N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity (772 aa) | |||
DCN | decorin; May affect the rate of fibrils formation (359 aa) | |||
B3GAT2 | beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2 (glucuronosyltransferase S); Involved in the biosynthesis of L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on both glycolipids and glycoproteins (By similarity) (323 aa) | |||
NCAN | neurocan; May modulate neuronal adhesion and neurite growth during development by binding to neural cell adhesion molecules (NG-CAM and N-CAM). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; binds to hyaluronic acid (1321 aa) | |||
CHSY1 | chondroitin sulfate synthase 1; Has both beta-1,3-glucuronic acid and beta-1,4-N- acetylgalactosamine transferase activity. Transfers glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to the non-reducing end of the elongating chondroitin polymer. Involved in the negative control of osteogenesis likely through the modulation of NOTCH signaling (802 aa) | |||
SDC1 | syndecan 1; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and that links the cytoskeleton to the interstitial matrix (310 aa) | |||
VCAN | versican; May play a role in intercellular signaling and in connecting cells with the extracellular matrix. May take part in the regulation of cell motility, growth and differentiation. Binds hyaluronic acid (3396 aa) | |||
GPC2 | glypican 2; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. May fulfill a function related to the motile behaviors of developing neurons (By similarity) (579 aa) | |||
CHSY3 | chondroitin sulfate synthase 3; Has both beta-1,3-glucuronic acid and beta-1,4-N- acetylgalactosamine transferase activity. Transfers glucuronic acid (GlcUA) from UDP-GlcUA and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP-GalNAc to the non-reducing end of the elongating chondroitin polymer. Specific activity is much reduced compared to CHSY1 (882 aa) | |||
SDC2 | syndecan 2; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Regulates dendritic arbor morphogenesis (By similarity) (201 aa) | |||
CHST14 | carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-0) sulfotransferase 14; Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of dermatan sulfate. Plays a pivotal role in the formation of 4-0-sulfated IdoA blocks in dermatan sulfate. Transfers sulfate to the C-4 hydroxyl of beta1,4-linked GalNAc that is substituted with an alpha-linked iduronic acid (IdoUA) at the C-3 hydroxyl. Transfers sulfate more efficiently to GalNAc residues in -IdoUA-GalNAc-IdoUA- than in -GlcUA-GalNAc-GlcUA-sequences. Has preference for partially desulfated dermatan sulfate. Additi [...] (376 aa) | |||
CSGALNACT1 | chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1; Transfers 1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP- GalNAc to the non-reducing end of glucuronic acid (GlcUA). Required for addition of the first GalNAc to the core tetrasaccharide linker and for elongation of chondroitin chains. Important role in chondroitin chain biosynthesis in cartilage (532 aa) | |||
CSPG4 | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4; Proteoglycan playing a role in cell proliferation and migration which stimulates endothelial cells motility during microvascular morphogenesis. May also inhibit neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse during axon regeneration. Cell surface receptor for collagen alpha 2(VI) which may confer cells ability to migrate on that substrate. Binds through its extracellular N- terminus growth factors, extracellular matrix proteases modulating their activity. May regulate MPP16-dependent degradation and invasion of type I collagen participating in melanoma c [...] (2322 aa) | |||
CHST13 | carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 13; Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Transfers sulfate to the C4 hydroxyl of beta1,4-linked GalNAc that is substituted with a beta-linked glucuronic acid at the C-3 hydroxyl. No activity toward dermatan (341 aa) | |||
DSE | dermatan sulfate epimerase; Converts D-glucuronic acid to L-iduronic acid (IdoUA) residues (958 aa) | |||
CHST15 | carbohydrate (N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O) sulfotransferase 15; Sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3’- phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc(4,6-SO(4)) repeating units. It also transfers sulfate to a unique non- reducing terminal sequence, GalNAc(4SO4)-GlcA(2SO4)-GalNAc(6SO4), to yield a highly sulfated structure similar to the structure found in thrombomodulin chondroitin sulfate. May also act as a B- cell receptor involved in [...] (561 aa) | |||
SDC3 | syndecan 3; Cell surface proteoglycan that may bear heparan sulfate (By similarity). May have a role in the organization of cell shape by affecting the actin cytoskeleton, possibly by transferring signals from the cell surface in a sugar-dependent mechanism (442 aa) | |||
UST | uronyl-2-sulfotransferase; Sulfotransferase that catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to the position 2 of uronyl residues. Has mainly activity toward iduronyl residues in dermatan sulfate, and weaker activity toward glucuronyl residues of chondroitin sulfate. Has no activity toward desulfated N-resulfated heparin (406 aa) | |||
CSGALNACT2 | chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2; Transfers 1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) from UDP- GalNAc to the non-reducing end of glucuronic acid (GlcUA). Required for addition of the first GalNAc to the core tetrasaccharide linker and for elongation of chondroitin chains (542 aa) | |||
GPC6 | glypican 6; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Putative cell surface coreceptor for growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and anti-proteases (By similarity). Enhances migration and invasion of cancer cells through WNT5A signaling (555 aa) | |||
GPC5 | glypican 5; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate (By similarity) (572 aa) | |||
B3GALT6 | UDP-Gal-betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 6; Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to substrates with a terminal beta-linked galactose residue. Has a preference for galactose-beta-1,4-xylose that is found in the linker region of glycosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Has no activity towards substrates with terminal glucosamine or galactosamine residues (329 aa) | |||
CSPG5 | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 (neuroglycan C); May function as a growth and differentiation factor involved in neuritogenesis. May induce ERBB3 activation (566 aa) | |||
GPC3 | glypican 3; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of DPP4. May be involved in the suppression/modulation of growth in the predominantly mesodermal tissues and organs. May play a role in the modulation of IGF2 interactions with its receptor and thereby modulate its function. May regulate growth and tumor predisposition (603 aa) |