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APOC3 | apolipoprotein C-III; Inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase and decreases the uptake of lymph chylomicrons by hepatic cells. This suggests that it delays the catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles (99 aa) | |||
APOA1 | apolipoprotein A-I; Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility (267 aa) | |||
LRP1 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Required for early embryonic development. Involved in cellular lipid homeostasis. Involved in the plasma clearance of chylomicron remnants and activated LRPAP1 (alpha 2-macroglobulin), as well as the local metabolism of complexes between plasminogen activators and their endogenous inhibitors. May modulate cellular events, such as APP metabolism, kinase-dependent intracellular signaling, neuronal calcium signaling as well as neurotransmission (4544 aa) | |||
IDUA | iduronidase, alpha-L- (653 aa) | |||
SLC35D2 | solute carrier family 35, member D2; Antiporter transporting nucleotide sugars such as UDP-N- acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and GDP- mannose (GDP-Man) pooled in the cytosol into the lumen of the Golgi in exchange for the corresponding nucleosides monophosphates (UMP for UDP-sugars and GMP for GDP-sugars). May take part in heparan sulfate synthesis by supplying UDP-Glc-NAc, the donor substrate, and thus be involved in growth factor signaling (337 aa) | |||
SDC1 | syndecan 1; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and that links the cytoskeleton to the interstitial matrix (310 aa) | |||
HS3ST2 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N- unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in GlcA2S-GlcNS. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate (367 aa) | |||
LRP2 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2; Acts together with cubilin to mediate HDL endocytosis (By similarity). May participate in regulation of parathyroid- hormone and para-thyroid-hormone-related protein release (4655 aa) | |||
VCAN | versican; May play a role in intercellular signaling and in connecting cells with the extracellular matrix. May take part in the regulation of cell motility, growth and differentiation. Binds hyaluronic acid (3396 aa) | |||
FURIN | furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme); Furin is likely to represent the ubiquitous endoprotease activity within constitutive secretory pathways and capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif (794 aa) | |||
HPSE | heparanase; Endoglycosidase that cleaves heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) into heparan sulfate side chains and core proteoglycans. Participates in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodeling. Selectively cleaves the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying either a 3-O-sulfo or a 6-O-sulfo group. Can also cleave the linkage between a glucuronic acid unit and an N-sulfo glucosamine unit carrying a 2-O-sulfo group, but not linkages between a glucuronic acid unit and a 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid moiety. It is essentially inactive at ne [...] (543 aa) | |||
LPL | lipoprotein lipase; The primary function of this lipase is the hydrolysis of triglycerides of circulating chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Binding to heparin sulfate proteogylcans at the cell surface is vital to the function. The apolipoprotein, APOC2, acts as a coactivator of LPL activity in the presence of lipids on the luminal surface of vascular endothelium (By similarity) (475 aa) | |||
CSPG4 | chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4; Proteoglycan playing a role in cell proliferation and migration which stimulates endothelial cells motility during microvascular morphogenesis. May also inhibit neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse during axon regeneration. Cell surface receptor for collagen alpha 2(VI) which may confer cells ability to migrate on that substrate. Binds through its extracellular N- terminus growth factors, extracellular matrix proteases modulating their activity. May regulate MPP16-dependent degradation and invasion of type I collagen participating in melanoma c [...] (2322 aa) | |||
BCAN | brevican; May play a role in the terminally differentiating and the adult nervous system during postnatal development. Could stabilize interactions between hyaluronan (HA) and brain proteoglycans (911 aa) | |||
PTCH1 | patched 1 (1447 aa) | |||
SDC3 | syndecan 3; Cell surface proteoglycan that may bear heparan sulfate (By similarity). May have a role in the organization of cell shape by affecting the actin cytoskeleton, possibly by transferring signals from the cell surface in a sugar-dependent mechanism (442 aa) | |||
APOA4 | apolipoprotein A-IV; May have a role in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism. Required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II; potent activator of LCAT. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons (396 aa) | |||
MAPK8 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 8; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK8/JNK1. In turn, MAPK8/JNK1 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JU [...] (427 aa) | |||
HS3ST3B1 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N- unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in IdoUA2S-GlcNS and also in IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non- anticoagulant heparan sulfate to an [...] (390 aa) | |||
HPSE2 | heparanase 2; Binds heparin and heparan sulfate with high affinity, but lacks heparanase activity. Inhibits HPSE, possibly by competing for its substrates (in vitro) (592 aa) | |||
B3GALT6 | UDP-Gal-betaGal beta 1,3-galactosyltransferase polypeptide 6; Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to substrates with a terminal beta-linked galactose residue. Has a preference for galactose-beta-1,4-xylose that is found in the linker region of glycosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Has no activity towards substrates with terminal glucosamine or galactosamine residues (329 aa) | |||
GPC3 | glypican 3; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of DPP4. May be involved in the suppression/modulation of growth in the predominantly mesodermal tissues and organs. May play a role in the modulation of IGF2 interactions with its receptor and thereby modulate its function. May regulate growth and tumor predisposition (603 aa) | |||
GXYLT1 | glucoside xylosyltransferase 1; Glycosyltransferase which elongates the O-linked glucose attached to EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch proteins by catalyzing the addition of xylose (440 aa) | |||
MAPK9 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (424 aa) | |||
HS3ST6 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 6; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to heparan sulfate. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. Unlike 3- OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate (311 aa) | |||
HS3ST5 | heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 5; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to position 3 of glucosamine residues in heparan. Catalyzes the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HSact). This modification is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate as it completes the structure of the antithrombin pentasaccharide binding site. Also generates GlcUA- GlcNS or IdoUA-GlcNS and IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O- sulfation generates an enzyme-modified [...] (346 aa) |