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MAPK13 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 13; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK13 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. MAPK13 is one of the less studie [...] (365 aa) | |||
RAF1 | v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. RAF1 activation initiates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that comprises a sequential phosphorylation of the dual-specific MAPK kinases (MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase [...] (648 aa) | |||
ADCY7 | adenylate cyclase 7; This is a membrane-bound, calcium-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase (1080 aa) | |||
RAP1GAP2 | RAP1 GTPase activating protein 2; GTPase activator for the nuclear Ras-related regulatory protein RAP-1A (KREV-1), converting it to the putatively inactive GDP-bound state (730 aa) | |||
ADCY3 | adenylate cyclase 3; Mediates odorant detection (possibly) via modulation of intracellular cAMP concentration (1144 aa) | |||
PRKAR2A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells. Type II regulatory chains mediate membrane association by binding to anchoring proteins, including the MAP2 kinase (404 aa) | |||
PRKAR2B | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, beta; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells. Type II regulatory chains mediate membrane association by binding to anchoring proteins, including the MAP2 kinase (418 aa) | |||
IQGAP1 | IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1; Binds to activated CDC42 but does not stimulate its GTPase activity. It associates with calmodulin. Could serve as an assembly scaffold for the organization of a multimolecular complex that would interface incoming signals to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at the plasma membrane. May promote neurite outgrowth (1657 aa) | |||
ADCY8 | adenylate cyclase 8 (brain); This is a membrane-bound, calcium-stimulable adenylyl cyclase. May be involved in learning, in memory and in drug dependence (By similarity) (1251 aa) | |||
ADCY9 | adenylate cyclase 9; May play a fundamental role in situations where fine interplay between intracellular calcium and cAMP determines the cellular function. May be a physiologically relevant docking site for calcineurin (By similarity) (1353 aa) | |||
PRKACA | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA, TRPC1 and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose-mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in th [...] (351 aa) | |||
ADCY6 | adenylate cyclase 6; Membrane-bound, calcium-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase (By similarity) (1168 aa) | |||
GNAI2 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase- they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division (355 aa) | |||
AKAP5 | A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 5; May anchor the PKA protein to cytoskeletal and/or organelle-associated proteins, targeting the signal carried by cAMP to specific intracellular effectors. Association with to the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) not only regulates beta2-AR signaling pathway, but also the activation by PKA by switching off the beta2-AR signaling cascade (427 aa) | |||
ADCY2 | adenylate cyclase 2 (brain); This is a membrane-bound, calmodulin-insensitive adenylyl cyclase (1091 aa) | |||
KCNJ11 | potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11; This receptor is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by extracellular barium (By similarity) [...] (390 aa) | |||
PRKAR1A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells (381 aa) | |||
MAPK10 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 10; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as neuronal proliferation, differentiation, migration and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress- activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK10/JNK3. In turn, MAPK10/JNK3 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and AT [...] (464 aa) | |||
PRKAR1B | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, beta; Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells (381 aa) | |||
RYR2 | ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac); Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development (4967 aa) | |||
GNAI3 | guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. G(k) is the stimulatory G protein of receptor- regulated K(+) channels. The active GTP-bound form prevents the association of RGS14 with centrosomes and is required for the translocation of RGS14 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. May play a role in cell division (354 aa) | |||
PRKACB | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta (398 aa) | |||
PRKACG | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, gamma; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus (351 aa) | |||
RAPGEF3 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Through simultaneous binding of PDE3B to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 is assembled in a signaling complex in which it activates the PI3K gamma complex and which is involved in angiogenesis (923 aa) | |||
RAPGEF4 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A, RAP1B and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Seems not to activate RAB3A. Involved in cAMP-dependent, PKA- independent exocytosis through interaction with RIMS2 (By similarity) (1011 aa) | |||
ADCY5 | adenylate cyclase 5; This is a membrane-bound, calcium-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase (1261 aa) |