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GABARAPL2 | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2; Involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1 (By similarity). Involved in autophagy (By similarity) (117 aa) | |||
ANXA1 | annexin A1; Calcium/phospholipid-binding protein which promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. This protein regulates phospholipase A2 activity. It seems to bind from two to four calcium ions with high affinity (346 aa) | |||
FBXW11 | F-box and WD repeat domain containing 11; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F- box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably recognizes and binds to phosphorylated target proteins. SCF(FBXW11) mediates the ubiquitination of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling. SCF(FBXW11) mediates the ubiquitination of phosphorylated NFKBIA, which degradation frees the associated NFKB1 to translocate into the nucleus and to activate transcription. SCF(FBXW11) mediates the ubiq [...] (542 aa) | |||
GABARAPL1 | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein like 1; Increases cell-surface expression of kappa-type opioid receptor through facilitating anterograde intracellular trafficking of the receptor. Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (117 aa) | |||
MAP1LC3B | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (125 aa) | |||
ATG10 | autophagy related 10; E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy. Acts as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. ATG12 conjugation to ATG5 is required for autophagy. Likely serves as an ATG5-recognition molecule. Not involved in ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 (By similarity) (220 aa) | |||
ATG3 | autophagy related 3; E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. Catalyzes the conjugation of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PE-conjugation to ATG8-like proteins is essential for autophagy. Preferred substrate is MAP1LC3A. Also acts as an autocatalytic E2-like enzyme, catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to itself, ATG12 conjugation to ATG3 playing a role in mitochondrial homeostasis but not in autophagy. ATG7 (E1-like enzyme) facilitates this reaction by forming an E1- E2 complex with ATG3 (314 aa) | |||
YWHAB | tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negative regulator of osteogenesis. Blocks the nuclear translocation of the phosphorylated form (by AKT1) of SRPK2 and antagonizes its stimulatory effect on cyclin D1 expression resulting in bloc [...] (246 aa) | |||
MAP1LC3B2 | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta 2; Probably involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (By similarity) (125 aa) | |||
GABARAP | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein; May play a role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton. Involved in apoptosis. Involved in autophagy (By similarity) (117 aa) | |||
AMBRA1 | autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1; Regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system. Involved in autophagy in controlling protein turnover during neuronal development, and in regulating normal cell survival and proliferation (By similarity) (1208 aa) | |||
ULK1 | unc-51-like kinase 1 (C. elegans); Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy- acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, leading [...] (1050 aa) | |||
UBC | ubiquitin C (685 aa) | |||
ATG7 | autophagy related 7; Functions as an E1 enzyme essential for multisubstrates such as ATG8-like proteins and ATG12. Forms intermediate conjugates with ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A). PE-conjugation to ATG8-like proteins is essential for autophagy. Also acts as an E1 enzyme for ATG12 conjugation to ATG5 and ATG3 (By similarity) (703 aa) | |||
MAP1LC3C | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma; Probably involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (By similarity) (147 aa) | |||
ULK2 | unc-51-like kinase 2 (C. elegans); Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy- acts both as a downstream effector and a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK, also acts as a negative regulator of AMPK through phosphorylation of the AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1. [...] (1036 aa) | |||
PDIK1L | PDLIM1 interacting kinase 1 like (341 aa) | |||
MAP1LC3A | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (125 aa) | |||
STK35 | serine/threonine kinase 35 (534 aa) | |||
SQSTM1 | sequestosome 1; Required both for the formation and autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin-containing bodies, called ALIS (aggresome-like induced structures). Links ALIS to the autophagic machinery via direct interaction with MAP1 LC3 family members. May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-1. May play a role in titin/TTN downstream signaling in muscle cells. May regulate signaling cascades through ubiquitination. Adapter that mediates the interaction between TRAF6 and CYLD (By similarity). May be involved in cell differentiation, ap [...] (440 aa) | |||
ATG4B | autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase (393 aa) | |||
STK3 | serine/threonine kinase 3; Stress-activated, pro-apoptotic kinase which, following caspase-cleavage, enters the nucleus and induces chromatin condensation followed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Key component of the Hippo signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, wh [...] (491 aa) | |||
GABARAPL3 | GABA(A) receptors associated protein like 3, pseudogene (117 aa) | |||
ULK3 | unc-51-like kinase 3 (C. elegans); Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a regulator of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling and autophagy. Acts as a negative regulator of SHH signaling in the absence of SHH ligand- interacts with SUFU, thereby inactivating the protein kinase activity and preventing phosphorylation of GLI proteins (GLI1, GLI2 and/or GLI3). Positively regulates SHH signaling in the presence of SHH- dissociates from SUFU, autophosphorylates and mediates phosphorylation of GLI2, activating it and promoting its nuclear translocation. Phosphorylates in vitro GLI2, as well [...] (472 aa) | |||
ATG12 | autophagy related 12; Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through an ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate also regulates negatively the innate antiviral immune response by blocking the type I IFN production pathway through direct associ [...] (140 aa) | |||
KRT4 | keratin 4 (520 aa) |