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RARRES3 | retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3; Exhibits PLA1/2 activity, catalyzing the calcium- independent hydrolysis of acyl groups in various phosphotidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). For most substrates, PLA1 activity is much higher than PLA2 activity. N- and O-acylation activity is hardly detectable (164 aa) | |||
TANK | TRAF family member-associated NFKB activator; Acts as a regulator of TRAF function by maintaining them in a latent state. Overexpression inhibits TRAF2-mediated NF- kappa-B activation signaled by CD40, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Blocks TRAF2 binding to LMP1 and inhibits LMP1-mediated NF-kappa-B activation. May be involved in I-kappa-B-kinase (IKK) regulation; may function as an adapter for kinases such as TBK1 or IKBKE that can modulate IKK activity (425 aa) | |||
RIPK1 | receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1; Serine-threonine kinase which transduces inflammatory and cell-death signals (programmed necrosis) following death receptors ligation, activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), and DNA damage. Upon activation of TNFR1 by the TNF-alpha family cytokines, TRADD and TRAF2 are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylates DAB2IP at ’Ser-728’ in a TNF-alpha-dependent manner, and thereby activates the MAP3K5-JNK apoptotic cascade. Ubiquitination by TRAF2 via ’Lys-63’-link chains acts as a critical enhancer of communication with d [...] (671 aa) | |||
NLRC5 | NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 (1866 aa) | |||
IFIH1 | interferon induced with helicase C domain 1; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include mRNA lacking 2’-O- methylation at their 5’ cap and long-dsRNA (>1 kb in length). Upon ligand binding it associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) which activates the IKK-related kinases- TBK1 and IKBKE which phosphorylate interferon r [...] (1025 aa) | |||
MFN1 | mitofusin 1; Essential transmembrane GTPase, which mediates mitochondrial fusion. Fusion of mitochondria occurs in many cell types and constitutes an important step in mitochondria morphology, which is balanced between fusion and fission. MFN1 acts independently of the cytoskeleton. Overexpression induces the formation of mitochondrial networks (741 aa) | |||
RPS27A | ribosomal protein S27a (156 aa) | |||
CASP10 | caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Recruited to both Fas- and TNFR-1 receptors in a FADD dependent manner. May participate in the granzyme B apoptotic pathways. Cleaves and activates caspase- 3, -4, -6, -7, -8, and -9. Hydrolyzes the small- molecule substrates, Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-|-AMC and Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-|-AMC (522 aa) | |||
UBB | ubiquitin B (229 aa) | |||
IRF3 | interferon regulatory factor 3; Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses and plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive fo [...] (427 aa) | |||
TRIM25 | tripartite motif containing 25; Functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase and as an ISG15 E3 ligase. Involved in innate immune defense against viruses by mediating ubiquitination of DDX58. Mediates ’Lys-63’-linked polyubiquitination of the DDX58 N-terminal CARD-like region which is crucial for triggering the cytosolic signal transduction that leads to the production of interferons in response to viral infection. Promotes ISGylation of 14-3-3 sigma (SFN), an adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum signaling pathway. Mediates estrogen action in various target organs (630 aa) | |||
RNF135 | ring finger protein 135; Acts as an E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, involved in innate immune defense against viruses. Ubiquitinates DDX58 and is required for full activation of the DDX58 signaling resulting in interferon beta production (432 aa) | |||
TBK1 | TANK-binding kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents. Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFN- alpha and IFN-beta. In order to establish such an antiviral state, TBK1 form severa [...] (729 aa) | |||
TMEM173 | transmembrane protein 173; Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double- stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by recognizing and binding cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol- upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, autoinhibition is alleviated [...] (379 aa) | |||
TRAF6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of ’Lys-63’-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF- kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Ad [...] (522 aa) | |||
UBC | ubiquitin C (685 aa) | |||
CASP8 | caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (538 aa) | |||
SIKE1 | suppressor of IKBKE 1; Physiological suppressor of IKK-epsilon and TBK1 that plays an inhibitory role in virus- and TLR3-triggered IRF3. Inhibits TLR3-mediated activation of interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) and the IFN-beta promoter. May act by disrupting the interactions of IKBKE or TBK1 with TICAM1/TRIF, IRF3 and DDX58/RIG-I. Does not inhibit NF-kappa-B activation pathways (211 aa) | |||
IKBKG | inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma; Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin seems to play a role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. However, the specific type of polyubiquitin recognized upon cell stimulation (either ’Lys-63’- linked or linear polyubiquitin) and its functional importance is reported conflictingly. Als [...] (487 aa) | |||
DDX58 | DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include- 5’- triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5’-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5’-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impac [...] (925 aa) | |||
TRAF3 | TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF- kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote ’Lys-63’-linked ubiquitination of [...] (568 aa) | |||
DAK | dihydroxyacetone kinase 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae); Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate (575 aa) | |||
MAP3K1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Activates the ERK and JNK kinase pathways by phosphorylation of MAP2K1 and MAP2K4. Activates CHUK and IKBKB, the central protein kinases of the NF-kappa-B pathway (1512 aa) | |||
UBA52 | ubiquitin A-52 residue ribosomal protein fusion product 1 (128 aa) | |||
MAVS | mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (540 aa) |