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RB1CC1 | RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; Plays a role as a modulator of TGF-beta-signaling by restricting substrate specificity of RNF111. Involved in autophagy. Regulates early events but also late events of autophagosome formation through direct interaction with Atg16L1. Required for the formation of the autophagosome-like double- membrane structure that surrounds the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) duting S.typhimurium infection and subsequent xenophagy. Autophagy positively regulates repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and negatively regulates apoptosis. Plays an indispensib [...] (1594 aa) | |||
GABARAPL2 | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein-like 2; Involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1 (By similarity). Involved in autophagy (By similarity) (117 aa) | |||
SESN2 | sestrin 2; Involved in the reduction of peroxiredoxins (480 aa) | |||
GABARAPL1 | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein like 1; Increases cell-surface expression of kappa-type opioid receptor through facilitating anterograde intracellular trafficking of the receptor. Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (117 aa) | |||
MAP1LC3B | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (125 aa) | |||
TAB2 | TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2; Adapter linking MAP3K7/TAK1 and TRAF6. Promotes MAP3K7 activation in the IL1 signaling pathway. The binding of ’Lys-63’- linked polyubiquitin chains to TAB2 promotes autophosphorylation of MAP3K7 at ’Thr-187’. Involved in heart development (693 aa) | |||
TAB3 | TGF-beta activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 3; Adapter linking MAP3K7/TAK1 and TRAF6 or TRAF2. Mediator of MAP3K7 activation, respectively in the IL1 and TNF signaling pathways. Plays a role in activation of NF-kappa-B and AP1 transcription factor. Isoform 2 may be an oncogenic factor (712 aa) | |||
GABARAP | GABA(A) receptor-associated protein; May play a role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton. Involved in apoptosis. Involved in autophagy (By similarity) (117 aa) | |||
RPTOR | regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1; Involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1- mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signa [...] (1335 aa) | |||
AMBRA1 | autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1; Regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system. Involved in autophagy in controlling protein turnover during neuronal development, and in regulating normal cell survival and proliferation (By similarity) (1208 aa) | |||
ULK1 | unc-51-like kinase 1 (C. elegans); Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy- acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, leading [...] (1050 aa) | |||
C12orf44 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 44; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation. Stabilizes ATG13, protecting it from proteasomal degradation (218 aa) | |||
ATG5 | autophagy related 5; Required for autophagy. Conjugates to ATG12 and associates with isolation membrane to form cup-shaped isolation membrane and autophagosome. The conjugate detaches from the membrane immediately before or after autophagosome formation is completed (By similarity) (275 aa) | |||
UBC | ubiquitin C (685 aa) | |||
MAP1LC3C | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 gamma; Probably involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (By similarity) (147 aa) | |||
MTOR | mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase); Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. This includes phosphorylation of EIF4EBP1 and release of its inhibition toward the elongation initi [...] (2549 aa) | |||
ULK2 | unc-51-like kinase 2 (C. elegans); Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy- acts both as a downstream effector and a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK, also acts as a negative regulator of AMPK through phosphorylation of the AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1. [...] (1036 aa) | |||
MAP1LC3A | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) (125 aa) | |||
PINK1 | PTEN induced putative kinase 1; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress, potentially by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins. Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy). It is necessary for PARK2 recruitment to dysfunctional mitochondria to initiate their degradation (581 aa) | |||
ATG16L1 | autophagy related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae) (607 aa) | |||
MLST8 | MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog (S. cerevisiae) (326 aa) | |||
TBC1D14 | TBC1 domain family, member 14; Negative regulator of starvation-induced autophagosome formation (693 aa) | |||
ULK3 | unc-51-like kinase 3 (C. elegans); Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a regulator of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling and autophagy. Acts as a negative regulator of SHH signaling in the absence of SHH ligand- interacts with SUFU, thereby inactivating the protein kinase activity and preventing phosphorylation of GLI proteins (GLI1, GLI2 and/or GLI3). Positively regulates SHH signaling in the presence of SHH- dissociates from SUFU, autophosphorylates and mediates phosphorylation of GLI2, activating it and promoting its nuclear translocation. Phosphorylates in vitro GLI2, as well [...] (472 aa) | |||
ATG13 | autophagy related 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1- RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation (550 aa) |