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| | Gramd1c | Protein Aster-C; Cholesterol transporter that mediates non-vesicular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Contains unique domains for binding cholesterol and the PM, thereby serving as a molecular bridge for the transfer of cholesterol from the PM to the ER. Plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis and has the unique ability to localize to the PM based on the level of membrane cholesterol. In lipid-poor conditions localizes to the ER membrane and in response to excess cholesterol in the PM is recruited to the endoplasmic retic [...] (457 aa) |
| | Gramd1a | Protein Aster-A; Cholesterol transporter that mediates non-vesicular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Contains unique domains for binding cholesterol and the PM, thereby serving as a molecular bridge for the transfer of cholesterol from the PM to the ER. Plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis and has the unique ability to localize to the PM based on the level of membrane cholesterol. In lipid-poor conditions localizes to the ER membrane and in response to excess cholesterol in the PM is recruited to the endoplasmic retic [...] (722 aa) |
| | Npc1l1 | NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Plays a major role in cholesterol homeostasis. Is critical for the uptake of both phytosterol and cholesterol across the plasma membrane of the intestinal enterocyte. Is the direct molecular target of ezetimibe, a drug that inhibits cholesterol absorption (By similarity). The protein may have a function in the transport of multiple lipids and their homeostasis, and may play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism. Acts as a negative regulator of NPC2 and down-regulates its expression and secretion by inhibiting its maturation an [...] (1333 aa) |
| | Aqp1 | Aquaporin-1; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of red cells and kidney proximal tubules with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. (269 aa) |
| | Pip4k2a | Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alpha; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 5- phosphate (PtdIns5P) on the fourth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring, to form phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). May exert its function by regulating the levels of PtdIns5P, which functions in the cytosol by increasing AKT activity and in the nucleus signals through ING2. May regulate the pool of cytosolic PtdIns5P in response to the activation of tyrosine phosphorylation. May negatively regulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by lowering the levels of [...] (405 aa) |
| | Cav1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes (By similarity). Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa) |
| | Kcnq1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1; Potassium channel that plays an important role in a number of tissues, including heart, inner ear, stomach and colon (By similarity). Associates with KCNE beta subunits that modulates current kinetics (By similarity). Induces a voltage-dependent by rapidly activating and slowly deactivating potassium-selective outward current (By similarity). Promotes also a delayed voltage activated potassium current showing outward rectification characteristic (By similarity). During beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation participates in cardiac r [...] (668 aa) |
| | Stard3 | StAR-related lipid transfer protein 3; Sterol-binding protein that mediates cholesterol transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to endosomes (By similarity). Creates contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum and late endosomes: localizes to late endosome membranes and contacts the endoplasmic reticulum via interaction with VAPA and VAPB (By similarity). Acts as a lipid transfer protein that redirects sterol to the endosome at the expense of the cell membrane and favors membrane formation inside endosomes (By similarity). May also mediate cholesterol transport between other membra [...] (446 aa) |
| | Vip | Vasoactive intestinal peptide; VIP causes vasodilation, lowers arterial blood pressure, stimulates myocardial contractility, increases glycogenolysis and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gall bladder. (171 aa) |
| | Slc5a8 | Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1; Acts as an electrogenic sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl-)- dependent sodium-coupled solute transporter, including transport of monocarboxylates (short-chain fatty acids including L-lactate, D- lactate, pyruvate, acetate, propionate, valerate and butyrate), lactate, mocarboxylate drugs (nicotinate, benzoate, salicylate and 5- aminosalicylate) and ketone bodies (beta-D-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and alpha-ketoisocaproate), with a Na(+):substrate stoichiometry of between 4:1 and 2:1. Catalyzes passive carrier mediated diffusion of iodide. M [...] (611 aa) |
| | Osbpl5 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5; Lipid transporter involved in lipid countertransport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane: specifically exchanges phosphatidylserine with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), delivering phosphatidylserine to the plasma membrane in exchange for PI4P, which is degraded by the SAC1/SACM1L phosphatase in the endoplasmic reticulum. Binds phosphatidylserine and PI4P in a mutually exclusive manner. May cooperate with NPC1 to mediate the exit of cholesterol from endosomes/lysosomes. Binds 25-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol. (898 aa) |
| | Abca8b | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 8-B; ATP-dependent lipophilic drug transporter; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCA family. (1620 aa) |
| | P2rx1 | P2X purinoceptor 1; Ligand-gated ion channel with relatively high calcium permeability. Binding to ATP mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle. Seems to be linked to apoptosis, by increasing the intracellular concentration of calcium in the presence of ATP, leading to programmed cell death (By similarity). (399 aa) |
| | Abcc3 | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2; May act as an inducible transporter in the biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Acts as an alternative route for the export of bile acids and glucuronides from cholestatic hepatocytes. (1522 aa) |
| | Npc2 | NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2; Intracellular cholesterol transporter which acts in concert with NPC1 and plays an important role in the egress of cholesterol from the lysosomal compartment. Unesterified cholesterol that has been released from LDLs in the lumen of the late endosomes/lysosomes is transferred by NPC2 to the cholesterol-binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of NPC1. May bind and mobilize cholesterol that is associated with membranes. NPC2 binds cholesterol with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Can bind a variety of sterols, including lathosterol, desmosterol and the pl [...] (149 aa) |
| | Drd1 | D(1A) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. (446 aa) |
| | Slc6a3 | Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter; Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A3 subfamily. (619 aa) |
| | Emb | Embigin; Plays a role in targeting the monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1 and SLC16A7 to the cell membrane (By similarity). Plays a role in the outgrowth of motoneurons and in the formation of neuromuscular junctions. Following muscle denervation, promotes nerve terminal sprouting and the formation of additional acetylcholine receptor clusters at synaptic sites without affecting terminal Schwann cell number or morphology. Delays the retraction of terminal sprouts following re-innervation of denervated endplates. (330 aa) |
| | Nisch | Nischarin; Acts either as the functional imidazoline-1 receptor (I1R) candidate or as a membrane-associated mediator of the I1R signaling. Binds numerous imidazoline ligands that induces initiation of cell- signaling cascades triggering to cell survival, growth and migration. Its activation by the agonist rilmenidine induces an increase in phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPK1 and MAPK3 in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) neurons that exhibited rilmenidine-evoked hypotension (By similarity). Blocking its activation with efaroxan abolished rilmenidine-induced mi [...] (1593 aa) |
| | Myc | Myc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis. Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release. (454 aa) |
| | Aqp2 | Aquaporin-2; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of renal collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Plays an essential role in renal water homeostasis. (271 aa) |
| | Soat2 | Sterol O-acyltransferase 2; Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. In addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase. May provide cholesteryl esters for lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes and intestinal mucosa; Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Sterol o-acyltransferase subfamily. (525 aa) |
| | Slc10a2 | Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter; Plays a critical role in the sodium-dependent reabsorption of bile acids from the lumen of the small intestine. Plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism (By similarity). (348 aa) |
| | Slc22a3 | Solute carrier family 22 member 3; Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain. Belongs to the major facilitator (TC 2.A.1) superfamily. Organic cation transporter (TC 2.A.1.19) family. (551 aa) |
| | Slc22a1 | Solute carrier family 22 member 1; Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1- methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1- methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N- methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA recepto [...] (556 aa) |
| | Tspo2 | Translocator protein 2; Binds cholesterol and mediates its redistribution during erythropoiesis which may play a role in erythrocyte maturation. (162 aa) |
| | Abcg1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1; Catalyzes the efflux of phospholipids such as sphingomyelin, cholesterol and its oxygenated derivatives like 7beta- hydroxycholesterol and this transport is coupled to hydrlysis of ATP. The lipid efflux is ALB-dependent. Is an active component of the macrophage lipid export complex. Could also be involved in intracellular lipid transport processes. The role in cellular lipid homeostasis may not be limited to macrophages. Prevents cell death by transporting cytotoxic 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (By similarity). (666 aa) |
| | Vapa | Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A; Binds to OSBPL3, which mediates recruitment of VAPA to plasma membrane sites. The ORP3-VAPA complex stimulates RRAS signaling which in turn attenuates integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) activation at the cell surface. With OSBPL3, may regulate ER morphology. May play a role in vesicle trafficking; Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family. (249 aa) |
| | Ralbp1 | RalA-binding protein 1; Can activate specifically hydrolysis of GTP bound to RAC1 and CDC42, but not RALA. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of S-(2,4- dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-SG) and doxorubicin (DOX) and is the major ATP-dependent transporter of glutathione conjugates of electrophiles (GS-E) and DOX in erythrocytes. Can catalyze transport of glutathione conjugates and xenobiotics, and may contribute to the multidrug resistance phenomenon. Serves as a scaffold protein that brings together proteins forming an endocytotic complex during interphase and also with CDK1 to switch off [...] (648 aa) |
| | Stard4 | StAR-related lipid transfer protein 4; Involved in the intracellular transport of cholesterol. Binds cholesterol or other sterols. (224 aa) |
| | Apom | Apolipoprotein M; Probably involved in lipid transport. Can bind sphingosine-1- phosphate, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, retinol, all- trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid (By similarity). Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family. Highly divergent. (190 aa) |
| | Npc1 | NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Intracellular cholesterol transporter which acts in concert with NPC2 and plays an important role in the egress of cholesterol from the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Unesterified cholesterol that has been released from LDLs in the lumen of the late endosomes/lysosomes is transferred by NPC2 to the cholesterol-binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of NPC1. Cholesterol binds to NPC1 with the hydroxyl group buried in the binding pocket (By similarity). May play a role in vesicular trafficking in glia, a process that may be crucial for main [...] (1277 aa) |
| | Atp8b1 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase IC; Catalytic component of a P4-ATPase flippase complex which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and ensures the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Phospholipid translocation seems also to be implicated in vesicle formation and in uptake of lipid signaling molecules. May play a role in asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in the canicular membrane. Plays a role in bile salt homeostasis. In cooperation with ABCB4 may be involved [...] (1251 aa) |
| | Osbp | Oxysterol-binding protein 1; Lipid transporter involved in lipid countertransport between the Golgi complex and membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum: specifically exchanges sterol with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), delivering sterol to the Golgi in exchange for PI4P, which is degraded by the SAC1/SACM1L phosphatase in the endoplasmic reticulum. Binds cholesterol and a range of oxysterols including 25- hydroxycholesterol. Cholesterol binding promotes the formation of a complex with PP2A and a tyrosine phosphatase which dephosphorylates ERK1/2, whereas 25-hydroxycholesterol [...] (805 aa) |
| | Rbp4 | Retinol-binding protein 4; Retinol-binding protein that mediates retinol transport in blood plasma. Delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. Transfers the bound all-trans retinol to STRA6, that then facilitates retinol transport across the cell membrane. (245 aa) |
| | Msr1 | Macrophage scavenger receptor types I and II; Membrane glycoproteins implicated in the pathologic deposition of cholesterol in arterial walls during atherogenesis. Two types of receptor subunits exist. These receptors mediate the endocytosis of a diverse group of macromolecules, including modified low density lipoproteins (LDL). (458 aa) |
| | Slc18a2 | Synaptic vesicular amine transporter; Involved in the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of biogenic amine neurotransmitters. Pumps cytosolic monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine into synaptic vesicles. Requisite for vesicular amine storage prior to secretion via exocytosis (By similarity). (517 aa) |
| | Abcc2 | Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1; Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions and conjugated organic anions such as methotrexate, 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid and leukotriene C4. Also transports sulfated bile salt such as taurolithocholate sulfate. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily. (1543 aa) |
| | Mip | Lens fiber major intrinsic protein; Water channel. Channel activity is down-regulated by CALM when cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels are increased. May be responsible for regulating the osmolarity of the lens. Interactions between homotetramers from adjoining membranes may stabilize cell junctions in the eye lens core. Plays a role in cell-to-cell adhesion and facilitates gap junction coupling (By similarity). Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. (263 aa) |
| | Cel | Bile salt-activated lipase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide range of substrates including cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, lysophospholipids, di- and tri-acylglycerols, and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). Preferentially hydrolyzes FAHFAs with the ester bond further away from the carboxylate. Unsaturated FAHFAs are hydrolyzed more quickly than saturated FAHFAs. Has an essential role in the complete digestion of dietary lipids and their intestinal absorption, along with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (By similarity). (599 aa) |
| | Chrnb2 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions. (501 aa) |
| | Abcd3 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 3; Probable transporter involved in the transport of branched- chain fatty acids and C27 bile acids into the peroxisome; the latter function is a crucial step in bile acid biosynthesis. The nucleotide- binding fold acts as an ATP-binding subunit with ATPase activity. Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCD family. Peroxisomal fatty acyl CoA transporter (TC 3.A.1.203) subfamily. (659 aa) |
| | Cyp7a1 | Cytochrome P450 7A1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of endogenous cholesterol and its oxygenated derivatives (oxysterols) (By similarity). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase) (By similarity). Functions as a critical regulatory enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol homeostasis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon hydrogen bond at 7-alpha position of [...] (503 aa) |
| | Abca1 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA1; Catalyzes the translocation of specific phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular/lumenal leaflet of membrane coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Thereby, participates to phospholipids transfer to apoliproteins to form nascent high density lipoproteins/HDLs. Transports preferentially phosphatidylcholine over phosphatidylserine. May play a similar role in the efflux of intracellular cholesterol to apoliproteins and the formation of nascent high density lipoproteins/HDLs; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCA family. (2261 aa) |
| | Aqp7 | Aquaporin-7; Forms a channel that mediates water and glycerol transport across cell membranes at neutral pH. The channel is also permeable to urea (By similarity). Plays an important role in body energy homeostasis under conditions that promote lipid catabolism, giving rise to glycerol and free fatty acids. Mediates glycerol export from adipocytes. After release into the blood stream, glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis in the liver to maintain normal blood glucose levels and prevent fasting hypoglycemia. Required for normal glycerol reabsorption in the kidney. Belongs to the MIP/aqua [...] (303 aa) |
| | Scp2 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein; Mediates in vitro the transfer of all common phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides between membranes. May play a role in regulating steroidogenesis. (547 aa) |
| | Pink1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial; Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress by phosphorylating mitochondrial proteins. Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by mediating activation and translocation of PRKN. Targets PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria through the phosphorylation of MFN2 (By similarity). Activates PRKN in 2 steps: (1) by mediating phosphorylation at 'Ser-65' of PRKN and (2) mediating phosphorylation of ubiquitin, converting PRKN to its fully-active form. Required for u [...] (580 aa) |
| | Stx12 | Syntaxin-12; SNARE that acts to regulate protein transport between late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. The SNARE complex containing STX6, STX12, VAMP4 and VTI1A mediates vesicle fusion (in vitro) (By similarity). Through complex formation with GRIP1, GRIA2 and NSG1 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity). (274 aa) |
| | Slc10a4l | Solute carrier family 10 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family), member 4-like. (145 aa) |
| | Slc10a4 | Sodium/bile acid cotransporter 4; Transporter for bile acids; Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family. (437 aa) |
| | Slc10a6 | Solute carrier family 10 member 6; Transports sulfoconjugated steroid hormones, as well as taurolithocholic acid-3-sulfate and sulfoconjugated pyrenes in a sodium-dependent manner. (373 aa) |
| | Hnf1a | Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha; Transcriptional activator that regulates the tissue specific expression of multiple genes, especially in pancreatic islet cells and in liver. Binds to the inverted palindrome 5'- GTTAATNATTAAC-3'. Activates the transcription of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A11. Belongs to the HNF1 homeobox family. (628 aa) |
| | Arl8b | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B; Plays a role in lysosome motility. In neurons, mediates the anterograde axonal long-range transport of presynaptic lysosome-related vesicles required for presynaptic biogenesis and synaptic function. May play a role in chromosome segregation (By similarity). (186 aa) |
| | Lrp6 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6; Component of the Wnt-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex that triggers beta-catenin signaling through inducing aggregation of receptor-ligand complexes into ribosome-sized signalsomes. Cell-surface coreceptor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which plays a pivotal role in bone formation. The Wnt-induced Fzd/LRP6 coreceptor complex recruits DVL1 polymers to the plasma membrane which, in turn, recruits the AXIN1/GSK3B-complex to the cell surface promoting the formation of signalsomes and inhibiting AXIN1/GSK3-mediated phosphorylation and destruction of [...] (1613 aa) |
| | Slco1c1 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1; Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and rT3. Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), estradiol- 17-beta-glucuronide, estrone-3-sulfate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) are transported with much lower efficiency (By similarity). May play a significant role in regulating T4 flux into and out of the brain (By similarity). (715 aa) |
| | Fgf15 | Fibroblast growth factor 15; Involved in the suppression of bile acid biosynthesis through down-regulation of CYP7A1 expression; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (218 aa) |
| | Mecp2 | Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2; Chromosomal protein that binds to methylated DNA. It can bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair. It is not influenced by sequences flanking the methyl-CpGs. Mediates transcriptional repression through interaction with histone deacetylase and the corepressor SIN3. Binds both 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)- containing DNA, with a preference for 5-methylcytosine (5mC). (501 aa) |
| | Star | Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial; Plays a key role in steroid hormone synthesis by enhancing the metabolism of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Transporter that binds to and transport cholesterol through the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. (284 aa) |
| | Slc10a7 | Sodium/bile acid cotransporter 7; Involved in teeth and skeletal development. Has an essential role in the biosynthesis and trafficking of glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins to produce a proper functioning extracellular matrix. Required for extracellular matrix mineralization. Also involved in the regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Does not show transport activity towards bile acids or steroid sulfates (including taurocholate, cholate, chenodeoxycholate, estrone-3-sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and pregnenolone sulfate); Belongs to the bile a [...] (340 aa) |
| | Ces1d | Carboxylesterase 1D; Major lipase in white adipose tissue. Involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and of natural substrates. Hydrolyzes triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols, with a preference for monoacylglycerols. The susceptibility of the substrate increases with decreasing acyl chain length of the fatty acid moiety. Catalyzes the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters. (565 aa) |
| | Ces1e | Carboxylesterase 1E; Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. (562 aa) |
| | Ces1f | Carboxylesterase 1F; Hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB), triacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol. Shows higher activity against PNPB, a short-chain fatty acid ester, than against triolein, a long-chain fatty acid ester. Shows no detectable activity against diacylglycerol, cholesterol ester or phospholipids. May play a role in adipocyte lipolysis. (561 aa) |
| | Ces1c | Carboxylesterase 1C; Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Involved in the extracellular metabolism of lung surfactant; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (554 aa) |
| | Vps4a | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A; Involved in late steps of the endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway. Recognizes membrane-associated ESCRT-III assemblies and catalyzes their disassembly, possibly in combination with membrane fission. Redistributes the ESCRT-III components to the cytoplasm for further rounds of MVB sorting. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth fact [...] (437 aa) |
| | Arv1 | Protein ARV1; Plays a role as a mediator in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis. Participates in sterol transport out of the ER and distribution into plasma membranes ; Belongs to the ARV1 family. (266 aa) |
| | Apoa4 | Apolipoprotein A-IV; May have a role in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism. Required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II; potent activator of LCAT. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons; Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family. (395 aa) |
| | Apoa1 | Truncated apolipoprotein A-I; Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility; Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family. (264 aa) |
| | Ldlr | Low-density lipoprotein receptor; Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits; Belongs to the LDLR family. (862 aa) |
| | Lipc | Hepatic triacylglycerol lipase; Hepatic lipase has the capacity to catalyze hydrolysis of phospholipids, mono-, di-, and triglycerides, and acyl-CoA thioesters. It is an important enzyme in HDL metabolism. Hepatic lipase binds heparin. (510 aa) |
| | Abcg8 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8; ABCG5 and ABCG8 form an obligate heterodimer that mediates Mg(2+)- and ATP-dependent sterol transport across the cell membrane. Plays an essential role in the selective transport of the dietary cholesterol in and out of the enterocytes and in the selective sterol excretion by the liver into bile. Plays an important role in preventing the accumulation of dietary plant sterols in the body. Required for normal sterol homeostasis. The heterodimer with ABCG5 has ATPase activity. (673 aa) |
| | Apob | Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylomicrons (apo B-48), LDL (apo B-100) and VLDL (apo B-100). Apo B- 100 functions as a recognition signal for the cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles by the apoB/E receptor. (4505 aa) |
| | Ldlrap1 | Low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1; Adapter protein (clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP)) required for efficient endocytosis of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in polarized cells such as hepatocytes and lymphocytes, but not in non- polarized cells (fibroblasts). May be required for LDL binding and internalization but not for receptor clustering in coated pits. May facilitate the endocytocis of LDLR and LDLR-LDL complexes from coated pits by stabilizing the interaction between the receptor and the structural components of the pits. May also be involved in the internaliza [...] (308 aa) |
| | Slco1a1 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A1; Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone-3-sulfate, sulfobromophthalein (BSP), ouabain and gadoxetate; Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family. (670 aa) |
| | Spg11 | Spatacsin; May play a role in neurite plasticity by maintaining cytoskeleton stability and regulating synaptic vesicle transport. (2430 aa) |
| | Ces1g | Liver carboxylesterase 1; Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (565 aa) |
| | Osbpl10 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 10; Probable lipid transporter involved in lipid countertransport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Its ability to bind phosphatidylserine, suggests that it specifically exchanges phosphatidylserine with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), delivering phosphatidylserine to the plasma membrane in exchange for PI4P. Plays a role in negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis. Negatively regulates APOB secretion from hepatocytes. Binds cholesterol and acidic phospholipids. Also binds 25-hydroxycholesterol. Binds phosphat [...] (591 aa) |
| | Lcat | Phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase; Central enzyme in the extracellular metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. Synthesized mainly in the liver and secreted into plasma where it converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines on the surface of high and low density lipoproteins (HDLs and LDLs). The cholesterol ester is then transported back to the liver. Also produced in the brain by primary astrocytes, and esterifies free cholesterol on nascent APOE-containing lipoproteins secreted from glia and influences cerebral spinal [...] (438 aa) |
| | Nr0b2 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2; Transcriptional regulator that acts as a negative regulator of receptor-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically inhibits transactivation of the nuclear receptor with which it interacts. Inhibits transcriptional activity of NEUROD1 on E-box-containing promoter by interfering with the coactivation function of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex for NEUROD1 (By similarity). Essential component of the liver circadian clock which via its interaction with NR1D1 and RORG regulates NPAS2- mediated hepatic lipid metabolism. Regulates the [...] (260 aa) |
| | Relch | RAB11-binding protein RELCH; Regulates intracellular cholesterol distribution from recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network through interactions with RAB11 and OSBP. Functions in membrane tethering and promotes OSBP- mediated cholesterol transfer between RAB11-bound recycling endosomes and OSBP-bound Golgi-like membranes. (1216 aa) |
| | Osbpl11 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 11; Plays a role in regulating ADIPOQ and FABP4 levels in differentiating adipocytes and is also involved in regulation of adipocyte triglyceride storage. Weakly binds 25-hydroxycholesterol. Belongs to the OSBP family. (757 aa) |
| | Slc16a8 | Monocarboxylate transporter 3; Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (By similarity). (492 aa) |
| | Slc22a2 | Solute carrier family 22 member 2; Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamine, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4- (dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as [...] (553 aa) |
| | Abcc4 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 4. (1325 aa) |
| | Slco1b2 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B2; Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as taurochlate, bromosulfophthalein and steroid conjugates such as estrone-3-sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and prostaglandin E2; Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family. (689 aa) |
| | Slc10a3 | P3 protein; The ubiquitous expression and the conservation of the sequence in distant animal species suggest that the gene codes for a protein with housekeeping functions; Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family. (473 aa) |
| | Slc16a1 | Monocarboxylate transporter 1; Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate. Depending on the tissue and on cicumstances, mediates the import or export of lactic acid and ketone bodies. Required for normal nutrient assimilation, increase of white adipose tissue and body weight gain when on a high-fat diet. Plays a role in cellular responses to [...] (493 aa) |
| | Abca8a | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 8-A; ATP-dependent lipophilic drug transporter. (1619 aa) |
| | Slc51a | Organic solute transporter subunit alpha; Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood. Efficiently transports the major species of bile acids. (340 aa) |
| | Osbpl2 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 2; Intracellular transport protein that binds sterols and phospholipids and mediates lipid transport between intracellular compartments. Increases plasma membrane cholesterol levels and decreases phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate levels in the cell membrane. Binds phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate. Exhibits strong binding to phosphatidic acid and weak binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Binds cholesterol, dehydroergosterol, 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol (in vitro); Belongs to the [...] (484 aa) |
| | Slc18a1 | Chromaffin granule amine transporter; Involved in the transport of biogenic monoamines, such as serotonin, from the cytoplasm into the secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine and endocrine cells. (521 aa) |
| | Slc5a12 | Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 2; Acts as an electroneutral and low-affinity sodium (Na(+))- dependent sodium-coupled solute transporter. Catalyzes the transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, nicotinate, propionate, butyrate and beta-D-hydroxybutyrate. May be responsible for the first step of reabsorption of monocarboxylates from the lumen of the proximal tubule of the kidney and the small intestine. May play also a role in monocarboxylates transport in the retina. Mediates electroneutral uptake of lactate, with a stoichiomet [...] (623 aa) |
| | Abca5 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 5; May play a role in the processing of autolysosomes. (1642 aa) |
| | Ceacam2 | Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 2; Controls energy balance and peripheral insulin action. Involved in the regulation of feeding behavior particularly in the ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus (VMH) regulation of food intake. Has a role in the regulation of metabolic rate and insulin sensitivity or resistance via effects on brown adipogenesis, sympathetic nervous outflow to brown adipose tissue, spontaneous activity and energy expenditure in skeletal muscle. In case of murine coronavirus (MHV) infection, does probably not serve as functional receptor for the vi [...] (520 aa) |
| | Gramd1b | Protein Aster-B; Cholesterol transporter that mediates non-vesicular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Contains unique domains for binding cholesterol and the PM, thereby serving as a molecular bridge for the transfer of cholesterol from the PM to the ER. Plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis in the adrenal gland and has the unique ability to localize to the PM based on the level of membrane cholesterol. In lipid-poor conditions localizes to the ER membrane and in response to excess cholesterol in the PM is recruited to [...] (878 aa) |
| | Kcne2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Associated with KCNH2/HERG is proposed to form the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). May associate with KCNQ2 and/or KCNQ3 and modulate the native M-t [...] (123 aa) |
| | Cftr | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Epithelial ion channel that plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion and water transport and fluid homeostasis. Mediates the transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane. Channel activity is coupled to ATP hydrolysis. The ion channel is also permeable to HCO(3-); selectivity depends on the extracellular chloride concentration. Exerts its function also by modulating the activity of other ion channels and transporters. Contributes to the regulation of the pH and the ion content of the epithelial fluid layer. M [...] (1476 aa) |
| | Aqp9 | Aquaporin-9; Forms a water channel with a broad specificity. Also permeable glycerol and urea. Mediates passage of a wide variety of small, non-charged solutes including carbamides, polyols, purines, and pyrimidines. (321 aa) |
| | Xbp1 | X-box-binding protein 1, cytoplasmic form; Functions as a transcription factor during endoplasmic reticulum stress by regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Required for cardiac myogenesis and hepatogenesis during embryonic development and the development of secretory tissues such as exocrine pancreas and salivary gland. Involved in differentiation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells and production of immunoglobulins. Modulates the cellular response to ER stress in a PIK3R-dependent manner. Binds to the cis-acting X box present in the promoter regions of major histocompatibility [...] (267 aa) |
| | Aqp3 | Aquaporin-3; Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. Acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating SC (stratum corneum) and epidermal glycerol content. Involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Provides kidney medullary collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Slightly permeable to urea and may function as a water and urea exit mechanism in antidiuresis in collecting duct cells. It may play an [...] (292 aa) |
| | Pnlip | Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase; Plays an important role in fat metabolism. It preferentially splits the esters of long-chain fatty acids at positions 1 and 3, producing mainly 2-monoacylglycerol and free fatty acids, and shows considerably higher activity against insoluble emulsified substrates than against soluble ones (By similarity). (465 aa) |
| | Ly6e | Lymphocyte antigen 6E; Involved in T-cell development. Believed to act as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) activity. In vitro inhibits alpha-3:beta-4-containing nAChRs maximum response. (136 aa) |
| | Fcer1a | High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha; Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins epsilon. High affinity receptor. Responsible for initiating the allergic response. Binding of allergen to receptor-bound IgE leads to cell activation and the release of mediators (such as histamine) responsible for the manifestations of allergy. The same receptor also induces the secretion of important lymphokines. (250 aa) |
| | Slc29a4 | Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4; Functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter, efficiently transporting many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and biogenic amines including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. May play a role in regulating central nervous system homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. May be involved in luminal transport of organic cations in the kidney and seems to use luminal proton gradient to drive organic cation reabsorptprev reabsorption. Does not seem to transport nucleoside and n [...] (528 aa) |
| | Tpcn2 | Two pore calcium channel protein 2; Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) receptor that may function as one of the major voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VDCC) across the lysosomal membrane. Involved in smooth muscle contraction; Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. Two pore calcium channel subfamily. (731 aa) |
| | Prkaa1 | 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts a [...] (559 aa) |
| | Slc51b | Organic solute transporter subunit beta; Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood. Efficiently transports the major species of bile acids. Modulates SLC51A glycosylation, membrane trafficking and stability activities. (128 aa) |
| | Cadps | Calcium-dependent secretion activator 1; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. Regulates catecholamine loading of DCVs. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles by acting as a PtdIns(4,5)P2- binding protein that acts at prefusion step following ATP-dependent priming and participates in DCVs-membrane fusion. However, it may also participate in [...] (1361 aa) |
| | Agt | Angiotensin 1-4; Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. [Angiotensin-3]: stimulates aldosterone release. Belongs to the serpin family. (482 aa) |
| | Lipg | Endothelial lipase; Has phospholipase and triglyceride lipase activities. Hydrolyzes high density lipoproteins (HDL) more efficiently than other lipoproteins. Binds heparin (By similarity). (500 aa) |
| | Osbp2 | Oxysterol-binding protein 2; Binds 7-ketocholesterol; Belongs to the OSBP family. (908 aa) |
| | Smpd3 | Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to form ceramide and phosphocholine. Ceramide mediates numerous cellular functions, such as apoptosis and growth arrest, and is capable of regulating these 2 cellular events independently. Also hydrolyzes sphingosylphosphocholine. Regulates the cell cycle by acting as a growth suppressor in confluent cells. Acts as a regulator of postnatal development and participates in bone and dentin mineralization. Overexpression enhances cell death, suggesting that it may be involved in apoptosis control. Belongs to the n [...] (655 aa) |
| | Abcg5 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5; ABCG5 and ABCG8 form an obligate heterodimer that mediates Mg(2+)- and ATP-dependent sterol transport across the cell membrane. Plays an essential role in the selective transport of dietary plant sterols and cholesterol in and out of the enterocytes and in the selective sterol excretion by the liver into bile. Required for normal sterol homeostasis. The heterodimer with ABCG8 has ATPase activity. (652 aa) |
| | Slc6a2 | Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter; Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A2 subfamily. (617 aa) |
| | Lima1 | LIM domain and actin-binding protein 1; Actin-binding protein involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation and dynamics. Increases the number and size of actin stress fibers and inhibits membrane ruffling. Inhibits actin filament depolymerization. Bundles actin filaments, delays filament nucleation and reduces formation of branched filaments (By similarity). Plays a role in cholesterol homeostasis. Influences plasma cholesterol levels through regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption. May act as a scaffold protein by regulating NPC1L1 transportation, an essential protein for cholest [...] (753 aa) |
| | Osbpl1a | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1; Binds phospholipids; exhibits strong binding to phosphatidic acid and weak binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Stabilizes GTP-bound RAB7A on late endosomes/lysosomes and alters functional properties of late endocytic compartments via its interaction with RAB7A. Binds 25-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol. (950 aa) |
| | Stard5 | StAR-related lipid transfer protein 5; May be involved in the intracellular transport of sterols or other lipids. May bind cholesterol or other sterols. (213 aa) |
| | Drd2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (444 aa) |
| | Osbpl6 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 6; Regulates cellular transport and efflux of cholesterol (By similarity). Plays a role in phosphatidylinositol-4-phophate (PI4P) turnover at the neuronal membrane. Binds via its PH domain PI4P, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate, and phosphatidic acid. Weakly binds 25-hydroxycholesterol (By similarity). (967 aa) |
| | Slc10a5 | Sodium/bile acid cotransporter 5. (434 aa) |
| | Fcer1g | High affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma; Adapter protein containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) that transduces activation signals from various immunoreceptors. As a component of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, mediates allergic inflammatory signaling in mast cells. As a constitutive component of interleukin-3 receptor complex, selectively mediates interleukin 4/IL4 production by basophils, priming T-cells toward effector T-helper 2 subset. Associates with pattern recognition receptors CLEC4D and CLEC4E to form a funct [...] (86 aa) |
| | Scarb1 | Scavenger receptor class B member 1; Receptor for different ligands such as phospholipids, cholesterol ester, lipoproteins, phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells (By similarity). Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 act as receptors for HDL, mediating selective uptake of cholesteryl ether and HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux. Also facilitates the flux of free and esterified cholesterol between the cell surface and apoB-containing lipoproteins and modified lipoproteins, although less efficiently than HDL. May be involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, via its phosphatidylserine bindin [...] (509 aa) |
| | Abca12 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 12. (2595 aa) |
| | Agtr2 | Type-2 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation. (363 aa) |
| | Mapk15 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15; Atypical MAPK protein that regulates several process such as autophagy, ciliogenesis, protein trafficking/secretion and genome integrity, in a kinase activity-dependent manner (By similarity). Controls both, basal and starvation-induced autophagy throught its interaction with GABARAP, MAP1LC3B and GABARAPL1 leading to autophagosome formation, SQSTM1 degradation and reduced MAP1LC3B inhibitory phosphorylation. Regulates primary cilium formation and the localization of ciliary proteins involved in cilium structure, transport, and signaling. Prevents t [...] (549 aa) |
| | Osbpl3 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3; Phosphoinositide-binding protein which associates with both cell and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Can bind to the ER membrane protein VAPA and recruit VAPA to plasma membrane sites, thus linking these intracellular compartments. The ORP3-VAPA complex stimulates RRAS signaling which in turn attenuates integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) activation at the cell surface. With VAPA, may regulate ER morphology. Has a role in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarity and cell adhesion. Binds to phosphoinositides with preference for PI(3,4)P2 [...] (886 aa) |
| | Tsku | Tsukushin. (354 aa) |
| | Selenom | Selenoprotein M; May function as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that participates in disulfide bond formation. (145 aa) |
| | Vps4b | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B; Involved in late steps of the endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway. Recognizes membrane-associated ESCRT-III assemblies and catalyzes their disassembly, possibly in combination with membrane fission. Redistributes the ESCRT-III components to the cytoplasm for further rounds of MVB sorting. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth fact [...] (444 aa) |
| | Ces1a | Carboxylic ester hydrolase; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (563 aa) |
| | Serac1 | Protein SERAC1; Plays an important role in the phosphatidylglycerol remodeling that is essential for both mitochondrial function and intracellular cholesterol trafficking. May catalyze the remodeling of phosphatidylglycerol and be involved in the transacylation-acylation reaction to produce phosphatidylglycerol-36:1. May be involved in bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate biosynthetic pathway (By similarity). Belongs to the SERAC1 family. (654 aa) |
| | Aqp8 | Aquaporin-8; Forms a water-specific channel; mercury-sensitive. Also permeable to urea but not to glycerol; Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. (261 aa) |
| | Slc26a6 | Solute carrier family 26 member 6; Apical membrane anion-exchanger with wide epithelial distribution that plays a role as a component of the pH buffering system for maintaining acid-base homeostasis. Acts as a versatile DIDS- sensitive inorganic and organic anion transporter that mediates the uptake of monovalent anions like chloride, bicarbonate, formate and hydroxyl ion and divalent anions like sulfate and oxalate. Functions in multiple exchange modes involving pairs of these anions, which include chloride-bicarbonate, chloride-oxalate, oxalate-formate, oxalate- sulfate and chloride- [...] (735 aa) |
| | Mttp | Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit; Catalyzes the transport of triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, and phospholipid between phospholipid surfaces. Required for the secretion of plasma lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein B. May be involved in regulating cholesteryl ester biosynthesis in cells that produce lipoproteins. Loads phospholipid into the C1D1 antigen-binding groove. Isoform 2 is critical for the development of natural killer T (NKT) cells. May have a role in the biogenesis of lipid droplets. (909 aa) |
| | Ceacam1 | Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1; [Isoform 1]: Cell adhesion protein that mediates homophilic cell adhesion in a calcium-independent manner (By similarity). Plays a role as coinhibitory receptor in immune response, insulin action and functions also as an activator during angiogenesis. Its coinhibitory receptor function is phosphorylation- and PTPN6 -dependent, which in turn, suppress signal transduction of associated receptors by dephosphorylation of their downstream effectors. Plays a role in immune response, of T-cells, natural killer (NK) and neutrophils. Up [...] (521 aa) |
| | Chrm5 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover (By similarity); Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily. CHRM5 sub-subfamily. (532 aa) |
| | Wnk4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4; Serine/threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival and proliferation. Acts as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride cotransporters and potassium-coupled chloride cotransporters respectively. Activates SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1D, SGK1, TRPV5 and TRPV6. Regulates the activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, SLC12A3, by phosphorylation which appears to prevent membrane trafficking of SLC12A3. Also inhibits the renal K(+) channel, KCNJ1, via a kinase-in [...] (1222 aa) |
| | Abcb11 | Bile salt export pump; Catalyzes the secretion of conjugated bile salts across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner. Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine- conjugated bile salts. (1321 aa) |
| | Osbpl8 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8; Lipid transporter involved in lipid countertransport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane: specifically exchanges phosphatidylserine with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), delivering phosphatidylserine to the plasma membrane in exchange for PI4P, which is degraded by the SAC1/SACM1L phosphatase in the endoplasmic reticulum. Binds phosphatidylserine and PI4P in a mutually exclusive manner. Binds oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol. (889 aa) |
| | Nr1h4 | Bile acid receptor; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids (BAs) such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and allocholic acid (ACA). Plays a essential role in BA homeostasis through the regulation of genes involved in BA synthesis, conjugation and enterohepatic circulation. Also regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis and is involved in innate immune response. The FXR-RXR heterodimer binds predominantly to farnesoid X receptor response elements (FXREs) containing two inverted repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' in [...] (488 aa) |
| | Park7 | Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminoca [...] (189 aa) |
| | Cd300a | CMRF35-like molecule 8; Inhibitory receptor which may contribute to the down- regulation of cytolytic activity in natural killer (NK) cells, and to the down-regulation of mast cell degranulation. Negatively regulates the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling mediated by MYD88 but not TRIF through activation of PTPN6 (By similarity). (318 aa) |
| | Slco2b1 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1; Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost; Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family. (693 aa) |
| | Stra6l | Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 protein-like; Acts as a high-affinity cell-surface receptor for retinol- binding protein RBP4 and mediates RBP4-dependent retinol uptake in the liver. (621 aa) |
| | Slc6a4 | Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter; Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner; Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A4 subfamily. (630 aa) |
| | Apoc1 | Truncated apolipoprotein C-I; Inhibitor of lipoprotein binding to the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, LDL receptor-related protein, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor. Associates with high density lipoproteins (HDL) and the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in the plasma and makes up about 10% of the protein of the VLDL and 2% of that of HDL. Appears to interfere directly with fatty acid uptake and is also the major plasma inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Modulates the interaction of APOE with beta-migrating VLDL and inhibits binding of beta [...] (88 aa) |
| | Slc2a13 | Proton myo-inositol cotransporter; H(+)-myo-inositol cotransporter. Can also transport related stereoisomers. (637 aa) |
| | Pltp | Phospholipid transfer protein; Facilitates the transfer of a spectrum of different lipid molecules, including diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, cerebroside and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Essential for the transfer of excess surface lipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to HDL, thereby facilitating the formation of smaller lipoprotein remnants, contributing to the formation of LDL, and assisting in the maturation of HDL particles. PLTP also plays a key role in the uptake of cholesterol from peripheral cells and tissues that [...] (493 aa) |
| | Ces1b | Carboxylic ester hydrolase; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (567 aa) |
| | Apoa2 | Proapolipoprotein A-II; May stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism; Belongs to the apolipoprotein A2 family. (102 aa) |
| | Slco1a6 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A6; May mediate the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions; Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family. (670 aa) |
| | Slc5a3 | Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter; Prevents intracellular accumulation of high concentrations of myo-inositol (an osmolyte) that result in impairment of cellular function. (718 aa) |
| | Apoc3 | Apolipoprotein C-III; Component of triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Plays a multifaceted role in triglyceride homeostasis. Intracellularly, promotes hepatic very low density lipoprotein 1 (VLDL1) assembly and secretion; extracellularly, attenuates hydrolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Impairs the lipolysis of TRLs by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. Formed of several curved helices connected via semiflexible hinges, so that it can wrap tigh [...] (137 aa) |
| | Apoa5 | Apolipoprotein A-V; Minor apolipoprotein mainly associated with HDL and to a lesser extent with VLDL. May also be associated with chylomicrons. Important determinant of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels by both being a potent stimulator of apo-CII lipoprotein lipase (LPL) TG hydrolysis and an inhibitor of the hepatic VLDL-TG production rate (without affecting the VLDL-apoB production rate). Activates poorly lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and does not enhance efflux of cholesterol from macrophages (By similarity). Binds heparin (By similarity). (368 aa) |
| | Syk | Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK; Non-receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates signal transduction downstream of a variety of transmembrane receptors including classical immunoreceptors like the B-cell receptor (BCR). Regulates several biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, cell adhesion, osteoclast maturation, platelet activation and vascular development. Assembles into signaling complexes with activated receptors at the plasma membrane via interaction between its SH2 domains and the receptor tyrosine-phosphorylated ITAM domains. The association with the receptor can a [...] (629 aa) |
| | Apoc2 | Apolipoprotein C-II; Component of chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma. Plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism as an activator of lipoprotein lipase. (97 aa) |
| | Gm5724 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member. (670 aa) |
| | Gm44805 | Predicted gene 44805. (97 aa) |
| | Abcg4 | ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family G member 4. (646 aa) |
| | Slc16a3 | Monocarboxylate transporter 4; Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (By similarity); Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Monocarboxylate porter (TC 2.A.1.13) family. (470 aa) |
| | Abca7 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 7; Probable ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that plays a role in lipid homeostasis and macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. Binds APOA1 and may function in apolipoprotein-mediated phospholipid efflux from cells. May also mediate cholesterol efflux (By similarity). May regulate cellular ceramide homeostasis during keratinocyte differentiation (By similarity). Involved in lipid raft organization and CD1D localization on thymocytes and antigen-presenting cells, which plays an important role in natural killer T-cell development and activation. P [...] (2167 aa) |
| | Stra6 | Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6; Functions as retinol transporter. Accepts all-trans retinol from the extracellular retinol-binding protein RBP4, facilitates retinol transport across the cell membrane, and then transfers retinol to the cytoplasmic retinol- binding protein RBP1. Retinol uptake is enhanced by LRAT, an enzyme that converts retinol to all-trans retinyl esters, the storage forms of vitamin A (By similarity). Contributes to the activation of a signaling cascade that depends on retinol transport and LRAT-dependent generation of retinol metabolites that then trigger activati [...] (670 aa) |
| | Slco1a4 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A4; Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, cholate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone- 3-sulfate, the cardiac glycosides ouabain and digoxin and thyroid hormones; Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family. (670 aa) |
| | Fcgr3 | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III; Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor which binds to IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b. Mediates neutrophil activation by IgG complexes redundantly with Fcgr4. (267 aa) |
| | Cd36 | Platelet glycoprotein 4; Multifunctional glycoprotein that acts as receptor for a broad range of ligands. Ligands can be of proteinaceous nature like thrombospondin, fibronectin, collagen or amyloid-beta as well as of lipidic nature such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anionic phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids and bacterial diacylated lipopeptides. They are generally multivalent and can therefore engage multiple receptors simultaneously, the resulting formation of CD36 clusters initiates signal transduction and internalization of receptor-ligand complexes. The dependen [...] (472 aa) |
| | Apoe | Apolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (311 aa) |
| | Slco1a5 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A5; Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate and thyroid hormones; Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2.A.60) family. (670 aa) |
| | Gm6614 | Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member. (650 aa) |
| | Prkn | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins, such as BCL2, SYT11, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746 and AIMP2. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of mi [...] (464 aa) |
| | Soat1 | Sterol O-acyltransferase 1; Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters, which are less soluble in membranes than cholesterol. Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption; Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. Sterol o-acyltransferase subfamily. (540 aa) |
| | Osbpl9 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 9. (746 aa) |
| | Stard3nl | STARD3 N-terminal-like protein; Tethering protein that creates contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum and late endosomes: localizes to late endosome membranes and contacts the endoplasmic reticulum via interaction with VAPA and VAPB. (263 aa) |
| | Asic3 | Acid-sensing ion channel 3; Cation channel with high affinity for sodium, which is gated by extracellular protons and inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. In sensory neurons is proposed to mediate the pain induced by acidosis that occurs in ischemic, damaged or inflamed tissue. May be involved in hyperalgesia. May play a role in mechanoreception. Heteromeric channel assembly seems to modulate channel properties; Belongs to the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (TC 1.A.6) family. ASIC3 subfamily. (530 aa) |
| | Aqp11 | Aquaporin-11; Channel protein that facilitates the transport of water, glycerol and hydrogen peroxide across membrane of cell or organelles guaranteeing intracellular homeostasis in several organes like liver, kidney and brain. In situation of stress, participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis by regulating redox homeostasis through the transport of hydrogen peroxide across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane thereby regulating the oxidative stress through the NADPH oxidase 2 pathway. Plays a role by maintaining an environment suitable for translation or protein foldings in [...] (271 aa) |
| | Slc16a7 | Monocarboxylate transporter 2; Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate. Functions as high-affinity pyruvate transporter; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Monocarboxylate porter (TC 2.A.1.13) family. (484 aa) |
| | Slc10a1 | Sodium/bile acid cotransporter; The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium; Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family. (362 aa) |
| | Syt7 | Synaptotagmin-7. (567 aa) |
| | Apof | Apolipoprotein F; Minor apolipoprotein that associates with LDL. Inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity and appears to be an important regulator of cholesterol transport. Also associates to a lesser degree with VLDL, Apo-AI and Apo-AII. (326 aa) |
