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| | App | Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G [...] (695 aa) |
| | Clcn4 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4; Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges chloride ions against protons (By similarity). Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 4/CLCN4 subfamily. (747 aa) |
| | Vps50 | Syndetin; Acts as component of the EARP complex that is involved in endocytic recycling. The EARP complex associates with Rab4-positive endosomes and promotes recycling of internalized transferrin receptor (TFRC) to the plasma membrane. Within the EARP complex, required to tether the complex to recycling endosomes. Not involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN); Belongs to the syndetin family. (964 aa) |
| | Rab8a | Ras-related protein Rab-8A; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in polarized vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter release. Together with RAB11A, RAB3IP, the exocyst complex, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes t [...] (207 aa) |
| | Abhd17a | Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17A; Hydrolyzes fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins. Has depalmitoylating activity towards NRAS. Has depalmitoylating activity towards DLG4/PSD95. May have depalmitoylating activity towars MAP6. (310 aa) |
| | Clcn3 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3; Mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the endosome and synaptic vesicle lumen, and may thereby affect vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. May play an important role in neuronal cell function through regulation of membrane excitability by protein kinase C. It could help neuronal cells to establish short-term memory. Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 3/CLCN3 subfamily. (866 aa) |
| | Ndrg1 | Protein NDRG1; Stress-responsive protein involved in hormone responses, cell growth, and differentiation. Acts as a tumor suppressor in many cell types. Necessary but not sufficient for p53/TP53-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis. Required for vesicular recycling of CDH1 and TF. May also function in lipid trafficking. Protects cells from spindle disruption damage. Functions in p53/TP53-dependent mitotic spindle checkpoint. Regulates microtubule dynamics and maintains euploidy (By similarity). Has a role in cell trafficking notably of the Schwann cell and is necessary for the mai [...] (394 aa) |
| | Mcoln2 | Mucolipin-2; Nonselective cation channel probably playing a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking events. Acts as Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel with inwardly rectifying activity. May activate ARF6 and be involved in the trafficking of GPI-anchored cargo proteins to the cell surface via the ARF6-regulated recycling pathway (By similarity). May play a role in immune processes. In adaptive immunity, TRPML2 and TRPML1 may play redundant roles in the function of the specialized lysosomes of B cells. In the innate immune response, may play a role in the regulation of chemokine sec [...] (566 aa) |
| | Clip3 | CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 3; Functions as a cytoplasmic linker protein. Involved in TGN- endosome dynamics. May modulate the cellular compartmentalization of AKT kinase family and promote its cell membrane localization, thereby playing a role in glucose transport in adipocytes (By similarity). (547 aa) |
| | Cd274 | Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self. As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response. Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) ; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family. (290 aa) |
| | Rab11fip4 | Rab11 family-interacting protein 4; Acts as a regulator of endocytic traffic by participating in membrane delivery. Required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, possibly by acting as an 'address tag' delivering recycling endosome membranes to the cleavage furrow during late cytokinesis (By similarity). May play a role in differentiation during retinal development, in a Rab11-independent manner. (635 aa) |
| | Eipr1 | EARP and GARP complex-interacting protein 1; Acts as a component of endosomal retrieval machinery that is involved in protein transport from early endosomes to either recycling endosomes or the trans-Golgi network. Mediates the recruitment of Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex to the trans-Golgi network and controls early endosome-to-Golgi transport of internalized protein. Promotes the recycling of internalized transferrin receptor (TFRC) to the plasma membrane through interaction with endosome- associated recycling protein (EARP) complex. (386 aa) |
| | Rassf9 | Ras association domain-containing protein 9; May play a role in regulating vesicuar trafficking in cells. (435 aa) |
| | Stx7 | Syntaxin-7; May be involved in protein trafficking from the plasma membrane to the early endosome (EE) as well as in homotypic fusion of endocytic organelles. Mediates the endocytic trafficking from early endosomes to late endosomes and lysosomes (By similarity). (261 aa) |
| | Rab11fip5 | Rab11 family-interacting protein 5; Rab effector involved in protein trafficking from apical recycling endosomes to the apical plasma membrane. Involved in insulin granule exocytosis. May regulate V-ATPase intracellular transport in response to extracellular acidosis. (1318 aa) |
| | Gnas | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers in numerous signaling pathways controlled by G protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs). Signaling involves the activation of adenylyl cyclases, resulting in increased levels of the signaling molecule cAMP. GNAS functions downstream of several GPCRs, including beta-adrenergic receptors. XLas isoforms interact with the same set of receptors as Gnas isoforms. (1133 aa) |
| | Atg9a | Autophagy-related protein 9A; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Cycles between a juxta-nuclear trans-Golgi network compartment and late endosomes. Nutrient starvation induces accumulation on autophagosomes. Starvation-dependent trafficking requires ULK1, ATG13 and SUPT20H (By similarity). Required for carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced ATG8 family protei [...] (839 aa) |
| | Atp13a4 | Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A4. (1193 aa) |
| | Baiap3 | BAI1-associated protein 3; Functions in endosome to Golgi retrograde transport. In response to calcium influx, may interact with SNARE fusion receptors and membrane phospholipids to mediate endosome fusion with the trans- Golgi network. By promoting the recycling of secretory vesicle transmembrane proteins, it indirectly controls dense-core secretory vesicle biogenesis, maturation and their ability to mediate the constitutive and regulated secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones. May regulate behavior and food intake by controlling calcium-stimulated exocytosis of neurotransmitters [...] (1150 aa) |
| | Gpr161 | G-protein coupled receptor 161; Key negative regulator of Shh signaling, which promotes the processing of GLI3 into GLI3R during neural tube development. Recruited by TULP3 and the IFT-A complex to primary cilia and acts as a regulator of the PKA-dependent basal repression machinery in Shh signaling by increasing cAMP levels, leading to promote the PKA-dependent processing of GLI3 into GLI3R and repress the Shh signaling. In presence of SHH, it is removed from primary cilia and is internalized into recycling endosomes, preventing its activity and allowing activation of the Shh signalin [...] (545 aa) |
| | Pacsin2 | Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein 2; Regulates the morphogenesis and endocytosis of caveolae. Lipid-binding protein that is able to promote the tubulation of the phosphatidic acid-containing membranes it preferentially binds. Plays a role in intracellular vesicle-mediated transport. Involved in the endocytosis of cell-surface receptors like the EGF receptor, contributing to its internalization in the absence of EGF stimulus. (486 aa) |
| | Zfyve27 | Protrudin; Key regulator of RAB11-dependent vesicular trafficking during neurite extension through polarized membrane transport (By similarity). Promotes axonal elongation and contributes to the establishment of neuronal cell polarity. Involved in nerve growth factor-induced neurite formation in VAPA-dependent manner. Contributes to both the formation and stabilization of the tubular ER network. Involved in ER morphogenesis by regulating the sheet-to-tubule balance and possibly the density of tubule interconnections (By similarity). Acts as an adapter protein that facilitates the inter [...] (415 aa) |
| | Rab11a | Ras-related protein Rab-11A; The small GTPases Rab areR key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. The small Rab GTPase RAB11A regulates endocytic recycling. Acts as a major regulator of membrane delivery during cytokinesis. Together with MYO5B and RAB8A participates in epithelial [...] (216 aa) |
| | Rab12 | Ras-related protein Rab-12; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion (By similarity). That Rab may play a role in protein transport from recycling endosomes to lysosomes regulating, for instance, the degradation of the transferrin receptor. Involved in au [...] (243 aa) |
| | Atp13a3 | Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A3; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type V subfamily. (1249 aa) |
| | Commd1 | COMM domain-containing protein 1; Proposed scaffold protein that is implicated in diverse physiological processes and whose function may be in part linked to its ability to regulate ubiquitination of specific cellular proteins. Can modulate activity of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes by displacing CAND1; in vitro promotes CRL E3 activity and dissociates CAND1 from CUL1 and CUL2. Promotes ubiquitination of NF-kappa-B subunit RELA and its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Down-regulates NF- kappa-B activity. Involved in the regulation of membrane expression and ubiquiti [...] (188 aa) |
| | Pheta2 | Sesquipedalian-2; Plays a role in endocytic trafficking. Required for receptor recycling from endosomes, both to the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. (259 aa) |
| | Tbc1d14 | TBC1 domain family member 14; Plays a role in the regulation of starvation-induced autophagosome formation. Together with the TRAPPIII complex, regulates a constitutive trafficking step from peripheral recycling endosomes to the early Golgi, maintaining the cycling pool of ATG9 required for initiation of autophagy. (714 aa) |
| | Myo5a | Unconventional myosin-Va; Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. Also mediates the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1853 aa) |
| | Akap5 | A-kinase anchor protein 5; May anchor the PKA kinase to cytoskeletal and/or organelle- associated proteins, targeting the signal carried by cAMP to specific intracellular effectors. (745 aa) |
| | Rab4a | Ras-related protein Rab-4A; Protein transport. Plays a role in vesicular traffic. Mediates VEGFR2 endosomal trafficking to enhance VEGFR2 signaling. (218 aa) |
| | Rab11fip3 | Rab11 family-interacting protein 3; Acts as a regulator of endocytic traffic by participating in membrane delivery. Required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, possibly by acting as an 'address tag' delivering recycling endosome membranes to the cleavage furrow during late cytokinesis (By similarity). Also required for the structural integrity of the endosomal recycling compartment during interphase. Acts as an adapter protein linking the dynein motor complex to various cargos and converts dynein from a non-processive to a highly processive motor in the presence of dynactin. Facili [...] (1092 aa) |
| | Gripap1 | GRIP1-associated protein 1; Regulates the endosomal recycling back to the neuronal plasma membrane, possibly by connecting early and late recycling endosomal domains and promoting segregation of recycling endosomes from early endosomal membranes. Involved in the localization of recycling endosomes to dendritic spines, thereby playing a role in the maintenance of dendritic spine morphology. Required for the activity- induced AMPA receptor recycling to dendrite membranes and for long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity (By similarity). (837 aa) |
| | Rab11b | Ras-related protein Rab-11B; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. The small Rab GTPase RAB11B plays a role in endocytic recycling, regulating apical recycling of several transmembrane proteins including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regul [...] (218 aa) |
| | Fzd7 | Frizzled-7; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to invo [...] (572 aa) |
| | Entr1 | Endosome-associated-trafficking regulator 1; May be involved in modulation of TNF response. May be involved in presentation of TNFRSF1A on the cell surface. Involved in the endosome-to-plasma membrane trafficking and recycling of SNX27-retromer-dependent cargo proteins, such as GLUT1. Involved in the regulation of cytokinesis; the function may involve PTPN13 and GIT1 (By similarity). (432 aa) |
| | Tmem230 | Transmembrane protein 230; Involved in trafficking and recycling of synaptic vesicles. (120 aa) |
| | Snx18 | Sorting nexin-18; Involved in endocytosis and intracellular vesicle trafficking, both during interphase and at the end of mitosis. Required for efficient progress through mitosis and cytokinesis. Required for normal formation of the cleavage furrow at the end of mitosis (By similarity). Plays a role in endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits, but also clathrin-independent, actin-dependent fluid-phase endocytosis. Plays a role in macropinocytosis. Binds to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and promotes membrane tubulation. Stimulates the GTPase activity of DNM2. P [...] (615 aa) |
| | Syt11 | Synaptotagmin-11; Synaptotagmin family member involved in vesicular and membrane trafficking which does not bind Ca(2+) (Probable). Inhibits clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis, functions to ensure precision in vesicle retrieval. Plays an important role in dopamine transmission by regulating endocytosis and the vesicle- recycling process. Essential component of a neuronal vesicular trafficking pathway that differs from the synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway but is crucial for development and synaptic plasticity. In macrophages and microglia, inhibits the conventional cytokine secr [...] (430 aa) |
| | Abcb11 | Bile salt export pump; Catalyzes the secretion of conjugated bile salts across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner. Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine- conjugated bile salts. (1321 aa) |
| | Rac1 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity [...] (211 aa) |
| | Arfgef2 | Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2; Promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1 and ARF3 and to a lower extent on ARF5 and ARF6. Promotes the activation of ARF1/ARF5/ARF6 through replacement of GDP with GTP. Involved in the regulation of Golgi vesicular transport. Required for the integrity of the endosomal compartment. Involved in trafficking from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to endosomes and is required for membrane association of the AP-1 complex and GGA1. Seems to be involved in recycling of the transferrin receptor from recycling endosomes to the plasma [...] (1792 aa) |
| | Ehd2 | EH domain-containing protein 2; ATP- and membrane-binding protein that controls membrane reorganization/tubulation upon ATP hydrolysis. Plays a role in membrane trafficking between the plasma membrane and endosomes. Important for the internalization of GLUT4. Required for fusion of myoblasts to skeletal muscle myotubes. Required for normal translocation of FER1L5 to the plasma membrane. Regulates the equilibrium between cell surface-associated and cell surface-dissociated caveolae by constraining caveolae at the cell membrane (By similarity). (543 aa) |
| | Tuba1a | Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-1A chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (451 aa) |
| | Ap1g1 | AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1; Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 1 that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. (825 aa) |
| | Rab4b | Ras-related protein Rab-4B; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (213 aa) |
| | Hfe | Hereditary hemochromatosis protein homolog; Binds to transferrin receptor (TFR) and reduces its affinity for iron-loaded transferrin. (359 aa) |
| | Atp11a | Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IH; Catalytic component of a P4-ATPase flippase complex which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and ensures the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Phospholipid translocation seems also to be implicated in vesicle formation and in uptake of lipid signaling molecules (By similarity). (1187 aa) |
| | Cln3 | Battenin; Involved in microtubule-dependent, anterograde transport of late endosomes and lysosomes. (438 aa) |
| | Slc31a2 | Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2; Involved in low-affinity copper uptake; Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1.A.56) family. SLC31A subfamily. (143 aa) |
| | Slc31a1 | High affinity copper uptake protein 1; High-affinity, saturable copper transporter involved in dietary copper uptake. (196 aa) |
| | Slc9a6 | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger; Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (702 aa) |
| | Myo5b | Unconventional myosin-Vb; May be involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation. Required in a complex with RAB11A and RAB11FIP2 for the transport of NPC1L1 to the plasma membrane. Together with RAB11A participates in CFTR trafficking to the plasma membrane and TF (transferrin) recycling in nonpolarized cells. Together with RAB11A and RAB8A participates in epithelial cell polarization. Together with RAB25 regulates transcytosis; Belongs to the TRAFAC cla [...] (1818 aa) |
| | Vipas39 | Spermatogenesis-defective protein 39 homolog; Proposed to be involved in endosomal maturation implicating in part VPS33B. In epithelial cells, the VPS33B:VIPAS39 complex may play a role in the apical RAB11A-dependent recycling pathway and in the maintenance of the apical-basolateral polarity. May play a role in lysosomal trafficking, probably via association with the core HOPS complex in a discrete population of endosomes; the functions seems to be indepenedent of VPS33B (By similarity). May play a role in vesicular trafficking during spermatogenesis (By similarity). May be involved in [...] (491 aa) |
| | Slc9a7 | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7; Mediates electroneutral exchange of protons for Na(+) and K(+) across endomembranes. May contribute to the regulation of Golgi apparatus volume and pH. (726 aa) |
| | Washc1 | WASH complex subunit 1; Acts as a nucleation-promoting factor at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization, playing a key role in the fission of tubules that serve as transport intermediates during endosome sorting. Its assembly in the WASH core complex seems to inhibit its NPF activity and via WASHC2 is required for its membrane targeting (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking of endosomal alpha5beta1 integrin to the plasma membrane and involved in invasive cell migration. In T-cells involved in endosome-to- membran [...] (475 aa) |
| | Agtr1a | Type-1A angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. (359 aa) |
| | Rab13 | Ras-related protein Rab-13; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in endocytic recycling and regulates the transport to the plasma membrane of transmembrane proteins like the tight junction protein OCLN/occludin. Thereby, it regu [...] (202 aa) |
| | Pla2g3 | Phospholipase A2, group III. (504 aa) |
| | Pheta1 | Sesquipedalian-1; Plays a role in endocytic trafficking. Required for receptor recycling from endosomes, both to the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. (266 aa) |
| | Eea1 | Early endosome antigen 1; Binds phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and participates in endosomal trafficking. (1411 aa) |
| | Vps53 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 53 homolog; Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex is required for the maintenance of the cycling of mannose 6-phosphate receptors between the TGN and endosomes, this cycling is necessary for proper lysosomal sorting of acid hydrolases such as CTSD. Acts as component of the EARP complex that is involved in endocytic recycling. The EARP complex associates with Rab4- positive endosomes and promotes recycling of internalized t [...] (832 aa) |
| | Lamp5 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 5; Plays a role in short-term synaptic plasticity in a subset of GABAergic neurons in the brain; Belongs to the LAMP family. (280 aa) |
| | Vamp8 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. VAMP8 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane via its interaction with the STX17-SNAP29 binary t- SNARE complex (By similarity). Also required for dense-granule secretion in plat [...] (101 aa) |
| | Rap2c | Ras-related protein Rap-2c; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between a GDP-bound inactive and a GTP-bound active form. May play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements and regulate cell spreading through activation of the effector TNIK. May play a role in SRE-mediated gene transcription. (183 aa) |
| | Vti1b | Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1B; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. (232 aa) |
| | Rap2a | Ras-related protein Rap-2a; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between a GDP-bound inactive and a GTP-bound active form. In its active form interacts with and regulates several effectors including MAP4K4, MINK1 and TNIK. Part of a signaling complex composed of NEDD4, RAP2A and TNIK which regulates neuronal dendrite extension and arborization during development. More generally, it is part of several signaling cascades and may regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell migration, cell adhesion and cell spreading; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (183 aa) |
| | Abhd17b | Alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17B; Hydrolyzes fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins. Has depalmitoylating activity towards DLG4/PSD95. Has depalmitoylating activity towards GAP43. Has depalmitoylating activity towards MAP6. Has depalmitoylating activity towards NRAS (By similarity). (288 aa) |
| | Arf6 | ADP-ribosylation factor 6; GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling and cytoskeleton remodeling. Required for normal completion of mitotic cytokinesis. Involved in the regulation of dendritic spine development, contributing to the regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia extension. Plays an important role in membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization. Regulates surface levels of adherens junction proteins such as CDH1. Required for NTRK1 sorting to the recycling pathway from early endosomes (By sim [...] (175 aa) |
| | Slc30a10 | Zinc transporter 10; Plays a pivotal role in manganese transport. Manganese is an essential cation for the function of several enzymes, including some crucially important for the metabolism of neurotransmitters and other neuronal metabolic pathways. However, elevated levels of manganese are cytotoxic and induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Acts as manganese efflux transporter and confers protection against manganese-induced cell death. Also acts as zinc transporter involved in zinc homeostasis. Seems to mediate zinc transport into early endosomes and recyc [...] (470 aa) |
| | Atg9b | Autophagy-related protein 9B; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. (922 aa) |
| | Cftr | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Epithelial ion channel that plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion and water transport and fluid homeostasis. Mediates the transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane. Channel activity is coupled to ATP hydrolysis. The ion channel is also permeable to HCO(3-); selectivity depends on the extracellular chloride concentration. Exerts its function also by modulating the activity of other ion channels and transporters. Contributes to the regulation of the pH and the ion content of the epithelial fluid layer. M [...] (1476 aa) |
| | Lmtk2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase LMTK2; Phosphorylates PPP1C, phosphorylase b and CFTR. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. (1471 aa) |
| | Slc36a2 | Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2; Involved in a pH-dependent electrogenic neuronal transport and sequestration of small amino acids amino acids such as glycine, alanine and proline. Inhibited by sarcosine. (478 aa) |
| | Neu3 | Sialidase-3; Plays a role in modulating the ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer at the level of membrane-bound sialyl glycoconjugates. Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 33 family. (418 aa) |
| | Gria1 | Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (907 aa) |
| | Tpcn1 | Two pore calcium channel protein 1; Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) receptor that may function as one of the major voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VDCC) across the lysosomal and endosomal membrane. (817 aa) |
| | Micall1 | MICAL-like protein 1; Probable lipid-binding protein with higher affinity for phosphatidic acid, a lipid enriched in recycling endosome membranes. On endosome membranes, may act as a downstream effector of Rab proteins recruiting cytosolic proteins to regulate membrane tubulation. May be involved in a late step of receptor-mediated endocytosis regulating for instance endocytosed-EGF receptor trafficking. Alternatively, may regulate slow endocytic recycling of endocytosed proteins back to the plasma membrane. May indirectly play a role in neurite outgrowth. (870 aa) |
| | Sorcs2 | VPS10 domain-containing receptor SorCS2; The heterodimer formed by NGFR and SORCS2 functions as receptor for the precursor forms of NGF (proNGF) and BDNF (proBDNF). ProNGF and proBDNF binding both promote axon growth cone collapse (in vitro). Plays a role in the regulation of dendritic spine density in hippocampus neurons. Required for normal neurite branching and extension in response to BDNF. Plays a role in BDNF-dependent hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Together with NGFR and NTRK2, is required both for BDNF-mediated synaptic long-term depression and long-term potentiation. ProNGF [...] (1159 aa) |
| | Zdhhc2 | Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC2; Palmitoyltransferase specific for GAP43 and DLG4/PSD95. (366 aa) |
| | Micall2 | MICAL-like protein 2; Effector of small Rab GTPases which is involved in junctional complexes assembly through the regulation of cell adhesion molecules transport to the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Regulates the endocytic recycling of occludins, claudins and E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and may thereby regulate the establishment of tight junctions and adherens junctions. In parallel, may regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization directly through interaction with F-actin or indirectly through actinins and filamins. Most probably involved in the processes [...] (1009 aa) |
| | Fig4 | Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase; The PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex regulates both the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). In vitro, hydrolyzes all three D5-phosphorylated polyphosphoinositide substrates in the order PtdIns(4,5)P2 > PtdIns(3,5)P2 > PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Plays a role in the biogenesis of endosome carrier vesicles (ECV) / multivesicular bodies (MVB) transport intermediates from early endosomes. (907 aa) |
| | Dennd6a | Protein DENND6A; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAB14. Component of an endocytic recycling pathway that is required for the control of ADAM10 transport, shedding of N-cadherin/CDH2 by ADAM9 or ADAM10 and regulation of cell-cell junctions. Required for RAB14 recruitment to recycling endosomes (By similarity). (605 aa) |
| | Relch | RAB11-binding protein RELCH; Regulates intracellular cholesterol distribution from recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network through interactions with RAB11 and OSBP. Functions in membrane tethering and promotes OSBP- mediated cholesterol transfer between RAB11-bound recycling endosomes and OSBP-bound Golgi-like membranes. (1216 aa) |
| | Rap2b | Ras-related protein Rap-2b; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between a GDP-bound inactive and a GTP-bound active form. Involved in EGFR and CHRM3 signaling pathways through stimulation of PLCE1. May play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements and regulate cell spreading through activation of the effector TNIK. May regulate membrane vesiculation in red blood cells. (183 aa) |
| | Scamp2 | Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 2; Functions in post-Golgi recycling pathways. Acts as a recycling carrier to the cell surface (By similarity). (329 aa) |
| | Scamp5 | Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 5; Required for the calcium-dependent exocytosis of signal sequence-containing cytokines such as CCL5. Probably acts in cooperation with the SNARE machinery (By similarity). (235 aa) |
| | Trf | Serotransferrin; Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation. (697 aa) |
| | Cmtm6 | CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 6; Master regulator of recycling and plasma membrane expression of PD-L1/CD274, an immune inhibitory ligand critical for immune tolerance to self and antitumor immunity. Associates with both constitutive and IFNG-induced PD-L1/CD274 at recycling endosomes, where it protects PD-L1/CD274 from being targeted for lysosomal degradation, likely by preventing its ubiquitination. May stabilize PD-L1/CD274 expression on antigen presenting cells and potentiates inhibitory signaling by PDCD1/CD279, its receptor on T-cells, ultimately trigge [...] (183 aa) |
| | Ldlr | Low-density lipoprotein receptor; Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits; Belongs to the LDLR family. (862 aa) |
| | Bace1 | Beta-secretase 1; Responsible for the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleaves at the N-terminus of the A-beta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated C-terminal fragment which is later released by gamma-secretase. Cleaves CHL1. (501 aa) |
| | Slc9a9 | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9; May act in electroneutral exchange of protons for Na(+) across membranes. Involved in the effusion of Golgi luminal H(+) in exchange for cytosolic cations. Involved in organelle ion homeostasis by contributing to the maintenance of the unique acidic pH values of the Golgi and post-Golgi compartments in the cell (By similarity). Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (644 aa) |
| | Avl9 | Late secretory pathway protein AVL9 homolog; Functions in cell migration; Belongs to the AVL9 family. (649 aa) |
| | Nsg1 | Neuronal vesicle trafficking-associated protein 1; Plays a role in the recycling mechanism in neurons of multiple receptors, including AMPAR, APP and L1CAM and acts at the level of early endosomes to promote sorting of receptors toward a recycling pathway. Regulates sorting and recycling of GRIA2 through interaction with GRIP1 and then contributes to the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by affecting the recycling and targeting of AMPA receptors to the synapse. Is required for faithful sorting of L1CAM to axons by facilitating trafficking from somatodendritic early end [...] (185 aa) |
| | Vamp3 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3; SNARE involved in vesicular transport from the late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (103 aa) |
| | Stx12 | Syntaxin-12; SNARE that acts to regulate protein transport between late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network. The SNARE complex containing STX6, STX12, VAMP4 and VTI1A mediates vesicle fusion (in vitro) (By similarity). Through complex formation with GRIP1, GRIA2 and NSG1 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity). (274 aa) |
| | Ntrk1 | High affinity nerve growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic and nervous neurons. High affinity receptor for NGF which is its primary ligand, it can also bind and be activated by NTF3/neurotrophin-3. However, NTF3 only supports axonal extension through NTRK1 but has no effect on neuron survival. Upon dimeric NGF ligand-binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation. Recruits, phosph [...] (799 aa) |
| | Atp11b | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily. (1175 aa) |
| | Atp9a | Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IIA. (1047 aa) |
| | Vps16 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late [...] (839 aa) |
| | Ehd4 | EH domain-containing protein 4; ATP- and membrane-binding protein that probably controls membrane reorganization/tubulation upon ATP hydrolysis. Plays a role in early endosomal transport. (541 aa) |
| | Fcgr2b | Low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II; Receptor for the Fc region of complexed immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes from the circulation and modulation of antibody production by B-cells. Isoform IIB1 and isoform IIB1' form caps but fail to mediate endocytosis or phagocytosis. Isoform IIB2 can mediate the endocytosis of soluble immune complexes via clathrin-coated pits. Isoform IIB1 and isoform IIB2 can down-regulate B-cell, T-cell, and mast cell activ [...] (340 aa) |
| | Stx6 | Syntaxin-6; Involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (255 aa) |
| | Rab29 | Ras-related protein Rab-7L1; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators in vesicle trafficking (By similarity). Essential for maintaining the integrity of endosome-trans-Golgi network structure (By similarity). Together with LRRK2, plays a role in the retrograde trafficking pathway for recycling proteins, such as mannose 6 phosphate receptor (M6PR), between lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus in a retromer-dependent manner (By similarity). Recruits LRRK2 to the Golgi apparatus and stimulates LRRK2 kinase activity (By similarity). Regulates also neuronal process morphology in the intact cen [...] (204 aa) |
| | Pigr | Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor; This receptor binds polymeric IgA and IgM at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells. The complex is then transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. During this process a cleavage occurs that separates the extracellular (known as the secretory component) from the transmembrane segment (By similarity). (771 aa) |
| | Rab17 | Ras-related protein Rab-17; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in transcytosis, the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. Mainly observed in [...] (214 aa) |
| | Bok | Bcl-2-related ovarian killer protein; Apoptosis regulator that functions through different apoptotic signaling pathways. Plays a roles as pro-apoptotic protein that positively regulates intrinsic apoptotic process in a BAX- and BAK1-dependent manner or in a BAX- and BAK1- independent manner. In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes mitochondrial apoptosis through downstream BAX/BAK1 activation and positive regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response. Activates apoptosis independently of heterodimerization with survival-promoting BCL2 and BCL2L1 through induction o [...] (213 aa) |
| | St8sia2 | Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8B; May transfer sialic acid through alpha-2,8-linkages to the alpha-2,3-linked and alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and may be involved in PSA (polysialic acid) expression; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (375 aa) |
| | Slc1a1 | Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Can also transport L-cysteine. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspar [...] (523 aa) |
| | Vps51 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 51 homolog; Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex is required for the maintenance of protein retrieval from endosomes to the TGN, acid hydrolase sorting, lysosome function, endosomal cholesterol traffic and autophagy. VPS51 participates in retrograde transport of acid hydrolase receptors, likely by promoting tethering and SNARE-dependent fusion of endosome- derived carriers to the TGN. Acts as component of the EARP complex [...] (782 aa) |
| | Ehd1 | EH domain-containing protein 1; ATP- and membrane-binding protein that controls membrane reorganization/tubulation upon ATP hydrolysis. In vitro causes vesiculation of endocytic membranes (By similarity). Acts in early endocytic membrane fusion and membrane trafficking of recycling endosomes. Recruited to endosomal membranes upon nerve growth factor stimulation, indirectly regulates neurite outgrowth (By similarity). Plays a role in myoblast fusion. Involved in the unidirectional retrograde dendritic transport of endocytosed BACE1 and in efficient sorting of BACE1 to axons implicating [...] (534 aa) |
| | Tnf | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation (By similarity). Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces [...] (235 aa) |
| | Vps52 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 52 homolog; Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex is required for the maintenance of the cycling of mannose 6-phosphate receptors between the TGN and endosomes, this cycling is necessary for proper lysosomal sorting of acid hydrolases such as CTSD. Acts as component of the EARP complex that is involved in endocytic recycling. The EARP complex associates with Rab4- positive endosomes and promotes recycling of internalized t [...] (723 aa) |
| | Ehd3 | EH domain-containing protein 3; ATP- and membrane-binding protein that controls membrane reorganization/tubulation upon ATP hydrolysis. In vitro causes tubulation of endocytic membranes (By similarity). Binding to phosphatidic acid induces its membrane tubulation activity. Plays a role in endocytic transport. Involved in early endosome to recycling endosome compartment (ERC), retrograde early endosome to Golgi, and endosome to plasma membrane (rapid recycling) protein transport. Involved in the regulation of Golgi maintenance and morphology (By similarity). Involved in the recycling of [...] (535 aa) |
| | Abcg1 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1; Catalyzes the efflux of phospholipids such as sphingomyelin, cholesterol and its oxygenated derivatives like 7beta- hydroxycholesterol and this transport is coupled to hydrlysis of ATP. The lipid efflux is ALB-dependent. Is an active component of the macrophage lipid export complex. Could also be involved in intracellular lipid transport processes. The role in cellular lipid homeostasis may not be limited to macrophages. Prevents cell death by transporting cytotoxic 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (By similarity). (666 aa) |
| | Slc11a2 | Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2; May serve to import iron into the mitochondria (By similarity). Important in metal transport, in particular iron. Involved in apical iron uptake into duodenal enterocytes. Involved in iron transport from acidified endosomes into the cytoplasm of erythroid precursor cells. May play an important role in hepatic iron accumulation and tissue iron distribution. (568 aa) |
| | Aqp2 | Aquaporin-2; Forms a water-specific channel that provides the plasma membranes of renal collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Plays an essential role in renal water homeostasis. (271 aa) |
| | Tfrc | Transferrin receptor protein 1; Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). Upon stimulation, positively regulates T and B cell proliferation through iron uptake ; Belongs to t [...] (763 aa) |
| | Lztr1 | Leucine-zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates ubiquitination of Ras (K-Ras/KRAS, N-Ras/NRAS and H-Ras/HRAS). Is a negative regulator of RAS-MAPK signaling that acts by controlling Ras levels and decreasing Ras association with membranes. (837 aa) |
| | Scamp1 | Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1; Functions in post-Golgi recycling pathways. Acts as a recycling carrier to the cell surface (By similarity). (338 aa) |
| | Stx8 | Syntaxin-8; Vesicle trafficking protein that functions in the early secretory pathway, possibly by mediating retrograde transport from cis- Golgi membranes to the ER; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (236 aa) |
| | Rab10 | Ras-related protein Rab-10; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes (By similarity). Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion (By similarity). That Rab is mainly involved in the biosynthetic transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Regulates, for instance, SLC [...] (200 aa) |
| | Gga3 | ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA3; Plays a role in protein sorting and trafficking between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes. Mediates the ARF-dependent recruitment of clathrin to the TGN and binds ubiquitinated proteins and membrane cargo molecules with a cytosolic acidic cluster-dileucine (DXXLL) motif (By similarity). (718 aa) |
| | Pdlim4 | PDZ and LIM domain protein 4; Suppresses SRC activation by recognizing and binding to active SRC and facilitating PTPN13-mediated dephosphorylation of SRC 'Tyr-419' leading to its inactivation. Inactivated SRC dissociates from this protein allowing the initiation of a new SRC inactivation cycle. Involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity). In nonmuscle cells, binds to ACTN1 (alpha-actinin-1), increases the affinity of ACTN1 to F-actin (filamentous actin), and promotes formation of actin stress fibers. Involved in regulation of the synaptic AMPA receptor transpo [...] (330 aa) |
