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| Sars2 | Serine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also probably able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L-seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec); Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type-1 seryl-tRNA synthetase subfamily. (518 aa) | ||||
| Nars2 | Probable asparagine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (477 aa) | ||||
| Dars2 | Aspartate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial. (653 aa) | ||||
| Tarsl2 | Threonine--tRNA ligase 2, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain, at the post- transfer stage. (790 aa) | ||||
| Tars2 | Threonine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (723 aa) | ||||
| Dars | Aspartate--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 2 subfamily. (501 aa) | ||||
| Tars | Threonine--tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain, at the post- transfer stage; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (722 aa) | ||||
| Fars2 | Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Is responsible for the charging of tRNA(Phe) with phenylalanine in mitochondrial translation. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes direct attachment of m-Tyr (an oxidized version of Phe) to tRNA(Phe), thereby opening the way for delivery of the misacylated tRNA to the ribosome and incorporation of ROS-damaged amino acid into proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (451 aa) | ||||
| Polg2 | DNA polymerase subunit gamma-2, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial polymerase processivity subunit. Stimulates the polymerase and exonuclease activities, and increases the processivity of the enzyme. Binds to ss-DNA. (459 aa) | ||||
| Eif2ak4 | eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2; Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2- alpha/EIF2S1) on 'Ser-52' in response to low amino acid availability. Plays a role as an activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) required for adapatation to amino acid starvation. Converts phosphorylated eIF-2- alpha/EIF2S1 either to a competitive inhibitor of the translation initiation factor eIF-2B, leading to a global protein synthesis repression, and thus to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, or to a transl [...] (1648 aa) | ||||
| Farsa | Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase alpha subunit. (508 aa) | ||||
| Gars | Glycine--tRNA ligase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of glycine to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (Gly-AMP). Also produces diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs. Thereby, may play a special role in Ap4A homeostasis. (729 aa) | ||||
| Hars | Histidine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of histidine to the 3'- end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (His-AMP). Plays a role in axon guidance. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (509 aa) | ||||
| Nars | Asparagine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of asparagine to tRNA(Asn) in a two- step reaction: asparagine is first activated by ATP to form Asn-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asn). In addition to its essential role in protein synthesis, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response in a CCR3-dependent manner. (559 aa) | ||||
| Kars | Lysine--tRNA ligase; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of the signaling molecule diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and thereby mediates disruption of the complex between HINT1 and MITF and the concomitant activation of MITF transcriptional activity; Belongs to the class-I [...] (624 aa) | ||||
| Hars2 | Histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of histidine to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (His-AMP). (505 aa) | ||||
| Pars2 | Probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (511 aa) | ||||
| Sars | Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser) in a two-step reaction: serine is first activated by ATP to form Ser-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ser). Is probably also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L- seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl- tRNA(Sec). In the nucleus, binds to the VEGFA core promoter and prevents MYC binding and transcriptional activation by MYC. Recruits SIRT2 to the VEGFA promoter, promoting deacetylation of histone H4 at 'Lys-16' (H4K16 [...] (536 aa) | ||||
| Eprs | Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase; Multifunctional protein which is primarily part of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex, also know as multisynthetase complex, that catalyzes the attachment of the cognate amino acid to the corresponding tRNA in a two-step reaction: the amino acid is first activated by ATP to form a covalent intermediate with AMP and is then transferred to the acceptor end of the cognate tRNA (By similarity). The phosphorylation of EPRS1, induced by interferon-gamma, dissociates the protein from the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex [...] (1512 aa) | ||||