STRINGSTRING
Synb Synb Syna Syna Syndig1 Syndig1 Neto2 Neto2 Dlg4 Dlg4 Tinagl1 Tinagl1 Rhbdf2 Rhbdf2 Fyn Fyn Cacng7 Cacng7 Marcks Marcks Src Src Cacng3 Cacng3 Gria2 Gria2 Grik1 Grik1 C1ra C1ra Grin2b Grin2b Grip1 Grip1 Neto1 Neto1 Cacng5 Cacng5 Gria1 Gria1 Epb41 Epb41 Grin1 Grin1 Gria4 Gria4 Gcgr Gcgr Tll2 Tll2 Cnih2 Cnih2 Cldn1 Cldn1 Bmp1 Bmp1 Cacng4 Cacng4 Egfr Egfr Cacng2 Cacng2 Shisa9 Shisa9 Cacng8 Cacng8 C1rb C1rb Grin2a Grin2a C1s2 C1s2 Grik2 Grik2 Dnah8 Dnah8 Pick1 Pick1 Kars Kars C1s1 C1s1
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
SynbTransmembrane protein; This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties. Together with Syna, participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. Synb is specifically involved in formation of syncytiotrophoblast layer II (SynT-II). Promotes myoblast fusion, and may play a role in regeneration of damaged muscle tissue in males. May have immunosuppressive activity. (618 aa)
SynaTransmembrane protein; This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties. Together with Synb, participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. Syna is essential for placental development and is specifically required for formation of syncytiotrophoblast layer I (SynT-I). Promotes muscle myoblast fusion. Does not have immunosuppressive activity. (617 aa)
Syndig1Synapse differentiation-inducing gene protein 1; May regulate AMPA receptor content at nascent synapses, and have a role in postsynaptic development and maturation. (258 aa)
Neto2Neuropilin and tolloid-like protein 2; Accessory subunit of neuronal kainate-sensitive glutamate receptors, GRIK2 and GRIK3. Increases kainate-receptor channel activity, slowing the decay kinetics of the receptors, without affecting their expression at the cell surface, and increasing the open probability of the receptor channels. Modulates the agonist sensitivity of kainate receptors. Slows the decay of kainate receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), thus directly influencing synaptic transmission (By similarity). (553 aa)
Dlg4Disks large homolog 4; Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B. Also regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated stat [...] (724 aa)
Tinagl1Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like; May be implicated in the adrenocortical zonation and in mechanisms for repressing the CYP11B1 gene expression in adrenocortical cells. This is a non catalytic peptidase C1 family protein. (466 aa)
Rhbdf2Inactive rhomboid protein 2; Regulates ADAM17 protease, a sheddase of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands and TNF, thereby plays a role in sleep, cell survival, proliferation, migration and inflammation. Does not exhibit any protease activity on its own. Belongs to the peptidase S54 family. (827 aa)
FynTyrosine-protein kinase Fyn; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many biological processes including regulation of cell growth and survival, cell adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell motility, immune response and axon guidance. Inactive FYN is phosphorylated on its C-terminal tail within the catalytic domain. Following activation by PKA, the protein subsequently associates with PTK2/FAK1, allowing PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation, activation and targeting to focal adhesions. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through [...] (537 aa)
Cacng7Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization (By similarity). Shows specificity only for GRIA1 and GRIA2 (By similarity). (275 aa)
MarcksMyristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate; MARCKS is the most prominent cellular substrate for protein kinase C. This protein binds calmodulin, actin, and synapsin. MARCKS is a filamentous (F) actin cross-linking protein. (309 aa)
SrcNeuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redun [...] (541 aa)
Cacng3Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit; Regulates the trafficking to the somatodendritic compartment and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit- specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state (By similarity). (315 aa)
Gria2Glutamate receptor 2; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (883 aa)
Grik1Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus (B [...] (934 aa)
C1raComplement C1r-A subcomponent heavy chain; C1r B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (707 aa)
Grin2bGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. [...] (1482 aa)
Grip1Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1; May play a role as a localized scaffold for the assembly of a multiprotein signaling complex and as mediator of the trafficking of its binding partners at specific subcellular location in neurons (By similarity). Through complex formation with NSG1, GRIA2 and STX12 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit toward recycling and membrane targeting (By similarity). (1127 aa)
Neto1Neuropilin and tolloid-like protein 1; Involved in the development and/or maintenance of neuronal circuitry. Accessory subunit of the neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) critical for maintaining the abundance of GRIN2A- containing NMDARs in the postsynaptic density. Regulates long-term NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity and cognition, at least in the context of spatial learning and memory. (533 aa)
Cacng5Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit; Regulates the gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Modulates their gating properties by accelerating their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Displays subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation. Shows specificity for GRIA1, GRIA4 and the long isoform of GRIA2. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state (By similarity). Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. CACNG subfamily. (275 aa)
Gria1Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (907 aa)
Epb41Protein 4.1; Protein 4.1 is a major structural element of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. It plays a key role in regulating membrane physical properties of mechanical stability and deformability by stabilizing spectrin-actin interaction. Recruits DLG1 to membranes. Required for dynein-dynactin complex and NUMA1 recruitment at the mitotic cell cortex during anaphase. (858 aa)
Grin1Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. (938 aa)
Gria4Glutamate receptor 4; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (902 aa)
GcgrGlucagon receptor; G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon that plays a central role in the regulation of blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis. Regulates the rate of hepatic glucose production by promoting glycogen hydrolysis and gluconeogenesis. Plays an important role in mediating the responses to fasting. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes activation of adenylate cyclase. Besides, plays a role in signal [...] (485 aa)
Tll2Tolloid-like protein 2; Protease which specifically processes pro-lysyl oxidase. Required for the embryonic development. Predominant protease, which in the development, influences dorsal-ventral patterning and skeletogenesis. (1012 aa)
Cnih2Protein cornichon homolog 2; Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by regulating their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Blocks CACNG8-mediated resensitization of AMPA receptors. (160 aa)
Cldn1Claudin-1; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. [...] (211 aa)
Bmp1Bone morphogenetic protein 1; Cleaves the C-terminal propeptides of procollagen I, II and III. Induces cartilage and bone formation. May participate in dorsoventral patterning during early development by cleaving chordin (CHRD) (By similarity). Responsible for the proteolytic activation of lysyl oxidase LOX. (991 aa)
Cacng4Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs), including GRIA1 and GRIA4. Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization. (327 aa)
EgfrEpidermal growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least [...] (1210 aa)
Cacng2Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit; Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state (By similarity). (323 aa)
Shisa9Protein shisa-9; Regulator of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Associates with AMPA receptors (ionotropic glutamate receptors) in synaptic spines and promotes AMPA receptor desensitization at excitatory synapses; Belongs to the shisa family. SHISA9 subfamily. (424 aa)
Cacng8Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit; Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit. Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inac [...] (423 aa)
C1rbComplement C1r-B subcomponent heavy chain; C1r B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. (706 aa)
Grin2aGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; channels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have higher sensitivity to glutamate and faster kineti [...] (1464 aa)
C1s2Complement C1s-B subcomponent heavy chain; C1s B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1r to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. C1r activates C1s so that it can, in turn, activate C2 and C4 (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (694 aa)
Grik2Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. M [...] (908 aa)
Dnah8Dynein heavy chain 8, axonemal; Force generating protein of respiratory cilia. Produces force towards the minus ends of microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP. Involved in sperm motility; implicated in sperm flagellar assembly. (4731 aa)
Pick1PRKCA-binding protein; Probable adapter protein that bind to and organize the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins containing some PDZ recognition sequence. Involved in the clustering of various receptors, possibly by acting at the receptor internalization level. Plays a role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the trafficking and internalization of AMPA receptors. May be regulated upon PRKCA activation. May regulate ASIC1/ASIC3 channel. Regulates actin polymerization by inhibiting the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex; the function is competetive w [...] (416 aa)
KarsLysine--tRNA ligase; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of the signaling molecule diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and thereby mediates disruption of the complex between HINT1 and MITF and the concomitant activation of MITF transcriptional activity; Belongs to the class-I [...] (624 aa)
C1s1Complement C1s-A subcomponent heavy chain; C1s B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1r to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. C1r activates C1s so that it can, in turn, activate C2 and C4 (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (694 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
Server load: low (12%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.