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F3 F3 Ager Ager Aif1 Aif1 Gna12 Gna12 Serpine1 Serpine1 Nfe2l2 Nfe2l2 Adamts1 Adamts1 Adipoq Adipoq Bcl2 Bcl2 Ddr2 Ddr2 Rps6kb1 Rps6kb1 Slit2 Slit2 Trib1 Trib1 Ppargc1a Ppargc1a Myc Myc Crk Crk Has2 Has2 Dock4 Dock4 Myh9 Myh9 Tacr1 Tacr1 Nr4a3 Nr4a3 Mif Mif Ccn4 Ccn4 Ace Ace Rapgef4 Rapgef4 Smo Smo Pparg Pparg Mmp1 Mmp1 Il18 Il18 S100a11 S100a11 Tlr4 Tlr4 Plau Plau Ccl5 Ccl5 Pde4d Pde4d Fgf9 Fgf9 Camk2d Camk2d Pcsk5 Pcsk5 Postn Postn Ptger4 Ptger4 Iqgap1 Iqgap1 Il6st Il6st Nox4 Nox4 Arpc2 Arpc2 Tert Tert Plxna1 Plxna1 Pdgfb Pdgfb Igfbp5 Igfbp5 Drd4 Drd4 Gstp1 Gstp1 Agt Agt Ilk Ilk P2ry2 P2ry2 Egr1 Egr1 Hdac4 Hdac4 S1pr2 S1pr2 Rab5c Rab5c Pgr Pgr Lrp1 Lrp1 Coro1b Coro1b Mdk Mdk Ssh1 Ssh1 Foxo4 Foxo4 Hmgb1-2 Hmgb1-2 Lpar1 Lpar1 Ndrg4 Ndrg4 P2ry6 P2ry6 Nf1 Nf1 Gna13 Gna13 Dock5 Dock5 Fga Fga Pdgfrb Pdgfrb Rbpj Rbpj Tafa5 Tafa5 Rhoa Rhoa Itgb3 Itgb3 Pdgfd Pdgfd Mef2c Mef2c Apex1 Apex1 Mdm2 Mdm2 Ppard Ppard Rapgef3 Rapgef3 Sema6d Sema6d Cyp1b1 Cyp1b1 Src Src Abhd2 Abhd2 Dock7 Dock7 Itga2 Itga2 Myocd Myocd Pak1 Pak1 Igfbp3 Igfbp3 Atp7a Atp7a Myo5a Myo5a Cav1 Cav1 Igf1 Igf1 Tpm1 Tpm1 Mif-2 Mif-2 Pdgfa Pdgfa Bmpr1a Bmpr1a Park7 Park7 Vtn Vtn Ptk2 Ptk2
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F3Tissue factor; Initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa. The [TF:VIIa] complex activates factors IX or X by specific limited proteolysis. TF plays a role in normal hemostasis by initiating the cell-surface assembly and propagation of the coagulation protease cascade. (295 aa)
AgerAdvanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor; Mediates interactions of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). These are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes. Acts as a mediator of both acute and chronic vascular inflammation in conditions such as atherosclerosis and in particular as a complication of diabetes. AGE/RAGE signaling plays an important role in regulating the production/expression of TNF-alpha, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Interaction with S1 [...] (402 aa)
Aif1Allograft inflammatory factor 1; Actin-binding protein that enhances membrane ruffling and RAC activation. Enhances the actin-bundling activity of LCP1. Binds calcium. Plays a role in RAC signaling and in phagocytosis. May play an role in macrophage activation and function. Promotes the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and of T-lymphocytes. Enhances lymphocyte migration. Plays a role in vascular inflammation (By similarity). (147 aa)
Gna12Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA12- dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP- 1 (activating protein-1). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling also regulates protein phosphatese 2A activation causing dephosphorylation of its target proteins (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activat [...] (379 aa)
Serpine1Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits TMPRSS7. Is a primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) and urokinase- type plasminogen activator (PLAU). As PLAT inhibitor, it is required for fibrinolysis down-regulation and is responsible for the controlled degradation of blood clots. As PLAU inhibitor, it is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and spreading. Acts as a regulator of cell migration, independently of its role as protease inhibitor. It is required for stimulation of keratinocyte migration during cutaneous injury repair. I [...] (402 aa)
Nfe2l2Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to oxidative stress: binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements present in the promoter region of many cytoprotective genes, such as phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, and promotes their expression, thereby neutralizing reactive electrophiles. In normal conditions, ubiquitinated and degraded in the cytoplasm by the BCR(KEAP1) complex. In response to oxidative stress, electrophile metabolites inhibit activity of the BCR(KEAP1) complex, promoting nuclear accumulation of NFE2L2/NRF2, hetero [...] (597 aa)
Adamts1A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1; Cleaves aggrecan, a cartilage proteoglycan, at the '1683- Glu-|-Leu-1684' site (within the chondroitin sulfate attachment domain), and may be involved in its turnover. Has angiogenic inhibitor activity (By similarity). Active metalloprotease, which may be associated with various inflammatory processes as well as development of cancer cachexia. May play a critical role in follicular rupture (By similarity). (967 aa)
AdipoqAdiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain-containing. (244 aa)
Bcl2Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release (By similarity). Belongs to the Bcl-2 family. (236 aa)
Ddr2Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2. (936 aa)
Rps6kb1Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTO [...] (525 aa)
Slit2Slit homolog 2 protein; Thought to act as molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and function appears to be mediated by interaction with roundabout homolog receptors. During neural development involved in axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions. SLIT1 and SLIT2 seem to be essential for midline guidance in the forebrain by acting as repulsive signal preventing inappropriate midline crossing by axons projecting from the olfactory bulb. In spinal chord development may play a role in guiding commissural axons once they [...] (1525 aa)
Trib1Tribbles homolog 1 (Drosophila). (372 aa)
Ppargc1aPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in [...] (796 aa)
MycMyc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis (By similarity). Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release (By similarity). (439 aa)
CrkAdapter molecule crk; [Isoform Crk-II]: Regulates cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Mediates attachment-induced MAPK8 activation, membrane ruffling and cell motility in a Rac-dependent manner. Involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility via its interaction with DOCK1 and DOCK4. May regulate the EFNA5-EPHA3 signaling. (304 aa)
Has2Hyaluronan synthase 2; Catalyzes the addition of GlcNAc or GlcUA monosaccharides to the nascent hyaluronan polymer. Therefore, it is essential to hyaluronan synthesis a major component of most extracellular matrices that has a structural role in tissues architectures and regulates cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. This is one of the isozymes catalyzing that reaction and it is particularly responsible for the synthesis of high molecular mass hyaluronan. Required for the transition of endocardial cushion cells into mesenchymal cells, a process crucial for heart development. M [...] (552 aa)
Dock4Dedicator of cytokinesis 4; Belongs to the DOCK family. (1966 aa)
Myh9Myosin-9; During cell spreading, plays an important role in cytoskeleton reorganization, focal contacts formation (in the margins but not the central part of spreading cells), and lamellipodial retraction; this function is mechanically antagonized by MYH10 (By similarity). Cellular myosin that appears to play a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions such as secretion and capping; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1960 aa)
Tacr1Substance-P receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P. It is probably associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance P > substance K > neuromedin-K. (407 aa)
Nr4a3Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3; Transcriptional activator that binds to regulatory elements in promoter regions in a cell- and response element (target)-specific manner. Induces gene expression by binding as monomers to the NR4A1 response element (NBRE) 5'-AAAAGGTCA-3' site and as homodimers to the Nur response element (NurRE) site in the promoter of their regulated target genes. Plays a role in the regulation of proliferation, survival and differentiation of many different cell types and also in metabolism and inflammation. Mediates proliferation of vascular smooth musc [...] (628 aa)
MifMacrophage migration inhibitory factor; Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity (By simi [...] (115 aa)
Ccn4CCN family member 4; Downstream regulator in the Wnt/Frizzled-signaling pathway (By similarity). Associated with cell survival. Adheres to skin and melanoma fibroblasts (By similarity). In vitro binding to skin fibroblasts occurs through the proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan (By similarity); Belongs to the CCN family. (367 aa)
AceAngiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form; Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI- anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety. This GPIase activity seems to be crucial for the egg- binding ability of the sperm (By similarity); Belongs to the peptidase M2 family. (1133 aa)
Rapgef4Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A, RAP1B and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Seems not to activate RAB3A. Involved in cAMP-dependent, PKA-independent exocytosis through interaction with RIMS2 (By similarity). (1011 aa)
SmoSmoothened homolog; G protein-coupled receptor that probably associates with the patched protein (PTCH) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Binding of sonic hedgehog (SHH) to its receptor patched is thought to prevent normal inhibition by patched of smoothened (SMO). Required for the accumulation of KIF7, GLI2 and GLI3 in the cilia. Interacts with DLG5 at the ciliary base to induce the accumulation of KIF7 and GLI2 at the ciliary tip for GLI2 activation. (793 aa)
PpargPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut ho [...] (505 aa)
Mmp1Interstitial collagenase. (464 aa)
Il18Interleukin-18; A proinflammatory cytokine primarily involved in polarized T- helper 1 (Th1) cell and natural killer (NK) cell immune responses. Upon binding to IL18R1 and IL18RAP, forms a signaling ternary complex which activates NF-kappa-B, triggering synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. (194 aa)
S100a11Protein S100-A11; Facilitates the differentiation and the cornification of keratinocytes. (98 aa)
Tlr4Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to [...] (835 aa)
PlauUrokinase-type plasminogen activator short chain A; Specifically cleaves the zymogen plasminogen to form the active enzyme plasmin. (432 aa)
Ccl5C-C motif chemokine 5; Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. May also be an agonist of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR75. Together with GPR75, may play a role in neuron survival through activation of a downstream signaling pathway involving the PI3, Akt and MAP kinases. By activating GPR75 may also play a role in insulin secretion by islet cells. Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. (92 aa)
Pde4dcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (733 aa)
Fgf9Fibroblast growth factor 9; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. May have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors. (208 aa)
Camk2dCalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase involved in the regulation of Ca(2+) homeostatis and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in heart by targeting ion channels, transporters and accessory proteins involved in Ca(2+) influx into the myocyte, Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), SR Ca(2+) uptake and Na(+) and K(+) channel transport. Targets also transcription factors and signaling molecules to regulate heart function. In its activated form, is involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopath [...] (533 aa)
Pcsk5Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5; Serine endoprotease that processes various proproteins by cleavage at paired basic amino acids, recognizing the RXXX[KR]R consensus motif. Likely functions in the constitutive and regulated secretory pathways. Plays an essential role in pregnancy establishment by proteolytic activation of a number of important factors such as BMP2, CALD1 and alpha-integrins. May be responsible for the maturation of gastrointestinal peptides. May be involved in the cellular proliferation of adrenal cortex via the activation of growth factors. Belongs to the [...] (915 aa)
PostnPeriostin, osteoblast specific factor (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (810 aa)
Ptger4Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype; Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. Has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle. May play an important role in regulating renal hemodynamics, intestinal epithelial transport, adrenal aldosterone secretion, and uterine function; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (488 aa)
Iqgap1IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (Predicted), isoform CRA_b. (1657 aa)
Il6stInterleukin-6 receptor subunit beta; Signal-transducing molecule. The receptor systems for IL6, LIF, OSM, CNTF, IL11, CTF1 and BSF3 can utilize IL6ST for initiating signal transmission. Binding of IL6 to IL6R induces IL6ST homodimerization and formation of a high-affinity receptor complex, which activates Janus kinases. That causes phosphorylation of IL6ST tyrosine residues which in turn activates STAT3. Mediates signals which regulate immune response, hematopoiesis, pain control and bone metabolism. Has a role in embryonic development. Does not bind IL6. Essential for survival of moto [...] (930 aa)
Nox4NADPH oxidase 4; Constitutive NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide intracellularly upon formation of a complex with CYBA/p22phox. Regulates signaling cascades probably through phosphatases inhibition. May function as an oxygen sensor regulating the KCNK3/TASK-1 potassium channel and HIF1A activity. May regulate insulin signaling cascade. May play a role in apoptosis, bone resorption and lipolysaccharide-mediated activation of NFKB. (578 aa)
Arpc2Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2; Actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. Seems to contact the mother actin filament. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. The Arp2/3 complex promot [...] (300 aa)
TertTelomerase reverse transcriptase; Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3'-chromosomal termini with the 6-nuc [...] (1125 aa)
Plxna1Plexin A1. (1912 aa)
PdgfbPlatelet-derived growth factor subunit B; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal proliferation and recruitment of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in the central nervous system, skin, lung, heart and placenta. Required for normal blood vessel development, and for normal development of kidney glomeruli. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by the formation of heterodimers wit [...] (241 aa)
Igfbp5Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. (271 aa)
Drd4D(4) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Activated by dopamine, but also by epinephrine and norepinephrine, and by numerous synthetic agonists and drugs (By similarity). Agonist binding triggers signaling via G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells (By similarity). (387 aa)
Gstp1Glutathione S-transferase P; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration (By similarity). (210 aa)
AgtAngiotensin 1-4; Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. [Angiotensin-3]: stimulates aldosterone release. Belongs to the serpin family. (477 aa)
IlkIntegrin-linked protein kinase; Receptor-proximal protein kinase regulating integrin-mediated signal transduction. May act as a mediator of inside-out integrin signaling. Focal adhesion protein part of the complex ILK-PINCH. This complex is considered to be one of the convergence points of integrin- and growth factor-signaling pathway. Could be implicated in mediating cell architecture, adhesion to integrin substrates and anchorage-dependent growth in epithelial cells. Phosphorylates beta-1 and beta-3 integrin subunit on serine and threonine residues, but also AKT1 and GSK3B. (452 aa)
P2ry2P2Y purinoceptor 2; Receptor for ATP and UTP coupled to G-proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The affinity range is UTP = ATP > ATP-gamma-S >> 2-methylthio-ATP = ADP. (374 aa)
Egr1Early growth response protein 1; Transcriptional regulator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GCG(T/G)GGGCG-3'(EGR-site) in the promoter region of target genes (By similarity). Binds double-stranded target DNA, irrespective of the cytosine methylation status (By similarity). Regulates the transcription of numerous target genes, and thereby plays an important role in regulating the response to growth factors, DNA damage, and ischemia. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and cell death. Activates expression of p53/TP53 and TGFB1, and thereby helps pre [...] (536 aa)
Hdac4Histone deacetylase 4; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation via its interaction with the myocyte enhancer factors such as MEF2A, MEF2C and MEF2D. Deacetylates HSPA1A and HSPA1B at 'Lys-77' leading to their preferential binding to co-ch [...] (1077 aa)
S1pr2Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2; Receptor for the lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse physiological effects on most types of cells and tissues. Receptor for the chemokine-like protein FAM19A5. Mediates the inhibitory effect of FAM19A5 on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. (352 aa)
Rab5cRas-related protein Rab-5A; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Active GTP-bound form is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. RAB5A is required for the fusion of plasma membranes and early endosomes. Contributes to the regulati [...] (216 aa)
PgrProgesterone receptor; The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Depending on the isoform, progesterone receptor functions as transcriptional activator or repressor (By similarity). [Isoform B]: Transcriptional activator of several progesteron-dependent promoters in a variety of cell types. Involved in activation of SRC-dependent MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation. Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (924 aa)
Lrp1Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 intracellular domain; Endocytic receptor involved in endocytosis and in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Required for early embryonic development. Involved in cellular lipid homeostasis. Involved in the plasma clearance of chylomicron remnants and activated LRPAP1 (alpha 2- macroglobulin), as well as the local metabolism of complexes between plasminogen activators and their endogenous inhibitors. May modulate cellular events, such as APP metabolism, kinase-dependent intracellular signaling, neuronal calcium signaling as well as neurotr [...] (4545 aa)
Coro1bCoronin-1B; Regulates leading edge dynamics and cell motility in fibroblasts. May be involved in cytokinesis and signal transduction (By similarity); Belongs to the WD repeat coronin family. (484 aa)
MdkMidkine; Developmentally regulated, secreted growth factor homologous to pleiotrophin (PTN), which has heparin binding activity. Binds anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) which induces ALK activation and subsequent phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), followed by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3-kinase, and the induction of cell proliferation. Involved in neointima formation after arterial injury, possibly by mediating leukocyte recruitment. Also involved in early fetal adrenal gland development (By similarity). (140 aa)
Ssh1Slingshot protein phosphatase 1. (1032 aa)
Foxo4Similar to forkhead protein AFXH (Predicted). (505 aa)
Hmgb1-2High mobility group protein B1; Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functio [...] (213 aa)
Lpar1Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1; Receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, differentiation and proliferation, and thereby contributes to the responses to tissue damage and infectious agents. Activates downstream signaling cascades via the G(i)/G(o), G(12)/G(13), and G(q) families of heteromeric G proteins. Signaling inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity and decreases cellular cAMP levels. Signaling triggers an increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels. Activates RALA; this leads to the activation of phospholipase C [...] (364 aa)
Ndrg4Protein NDRG4; Contributes to the maintenance of intracerebral BDNF levels within the normal range, which is necessary for the preservation of spatial learning and the resistance to neuronal cell death caused by ischemic stress (By similarity). May enhance growth factor-induced ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation, including that induced by NGF. May attenuate NGF-promoted ELK1 phosphorylation in a microtubule-dependent manner. (404 aa)
P2ry6P2Y purinoceptor 6; Receptor for extracellular UTP > ADP = 2-methylthio-ATP > ADP-beta-S > ATP = ATP-gamma-S. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Functionally coupled to phospholipase C. (328 aa)
Nf1Neurofibromin; Stimulates the GTPase activity of Ras. NF1 shows greater affinity for Ras GAP, but lower specific activity. May be a regulator of Ras activity (By similarity). (2808 aa)
Gna13Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (By similarity). Inhibits CDH1- mediated cell adhesion [...] (377 aa)
Dock5Dedicator of cytokinesis 5; Belongs to the DOCK family. (1868 aa)
FgaFibrinogen alpha chain; Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re- epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it [...] (782 aa)
PdgfrbPlatelet-derived growth factor receptor beta; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for homodimeric PDGFB and PDGFD and for heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB, and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, chemotaxis and migration. Plays an essential role in blood vessel development by promoting proliferation, migration and recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells. Plays a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and the formation of neointima at v [...] (1097 aa)
RbpjRecombining binding protein suppressor of hairless (Drosophila) (Predicted), isoform CRA_a. (465 aa)
Tafa5Chemokine-like protein TAFA-5; Acts as a chemokine-like protein by regulating cell proliferation and migration through activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as S1PR2 and FPR2. Stimulates chemotactic migration of macrophages mediated by the MAPK3/ERK1 and AKT1 pathway (By similarity). Blocks TNFSF11/RANKL-induced osteoclast formation from macrophages by inhibiting up-regulation of osteoclast fusogenic and differentiation genes (By similarity). Stimulation of macrophage migration and inhibition of osteoclast formation is mediated through the GPCR FPR2 (By similarity). A [...] (132 aa)
RhoaTransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa)
Itgb3Integrin beta-3; Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIB/beta-3 and alpha- V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIB/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A- G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following ac [...] (788 aa)
PdgfdPlatelet-derived growth factor D, receptor-binding form; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Plays an important role in wound healing. Induces macrophage recruitment, increased interstitial pressure, and blood vessel maturation during angiogenesis (By similarity). May play an important role in control of lens epithelial cell proliferation. Can initiate events that lead to a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, including i [...] (370 aa)
Mef2cMyocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. Plays an essential role in hippocampal- dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of excitatory synapses and thus regulating basal and evoked synaptic transmission. Crucial for normal neuronal development, distribution, and electrical activity in the neocorte [...] (393 aa)
Apex1DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, mitochondrial; Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 are DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break w [...] (317 aa)
Mdm2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2; Belongs to the MDM2/MDM4 family. (483 aa)
PpardPeroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta, isoform CRA_b. (440 aa)
Rapgef3Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Through simultaneous binding of PDE3B to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 is assembled in a signaling complex in which it activates the PI3K gamma complex and which is involved in angiogenesis. Plays a role in the modulation of the cAMP- induced dynamic control of endothelial barrier function through a pathway that is independent on Rho-mediated signaling. Required for the actin rearrangement at cell-cell junctions, such as stress fibers and junction [...] (926 aa)
Sema6dSemaphorin 6D; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (1069 aa)
Cyp1b1Cytochrome P450 1B1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (By similarity). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (By similarity). Exhibits catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2- and 4-hydroxy E2. Metabolizes testosterone and progesterone [...] (541 aa)
SrcProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redundancy bet [...] (542 aa)
Abhd2Abhydrolase domain-containing 2. (453 aa)
Dock7Dedicator of cytokinesis 7; Belongs to the DOCK family. (2129 aa)
Itga2Integrin subunit alpha 2; Belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. (1178 aa)
MyocdMyocardin; Smooth muscle cells (SM) and cardiac muscle cells-specific transcriptional factor which uses the canonical single or multiple CArG boxes DNA sequence. Acts as a cofactor of serum response factor (SRF) with the potential to modulate SRF-target genes (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in cardiogenesis and differentiation of the smooth muscle cell lineage (myogenesis) (By similarity). (986 aa)
Pak1Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby media [...] (544 aa)
Igfbp3Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. Also exhibits IGF-independent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects mediated by its receptor TMEM219/IGFBP-3R. (289 aa)
Atp7aCopper-transporting ATPase 1; May supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells (By similarity). (1492 aa)
Myo5aUnconventional myosin-Va; Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. Also mediates the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation. (1828 aa)
Cav1Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae (By similarity). Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependen [...] (178 aa)
Igf1Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca(2+)-dependent exo [...] (159 aa)
Tpm1Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments. Belongs to the tropomyosin family. (303 aa)
Mif-2Macrophage migration inhibitory factor. (115 aa)
PdgfaPlatelet-derived growth factor subunit A; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal lung alveolar septum formation during embryogenesis, normal development of the gastrointestinal tract, normal development of Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. Required for normal oligodendrocyte development and normal myelination in the spinal cord and cerebellum. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by t [...] (211 aa)
Bmpr1aBone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Receptor for BMP2, BMP4, GDF5 and GDF6. Positively regulates chondrocyte differentiation through GDF5 interaction. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6. (532 aa)
Park7Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1; Protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. Thus, functions as a protein deglycase that repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminoca [...] (214 aa)
VtnVitronectin. (490 aa)
Ptk2Focal adhesion kinase 1; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Required for early embryonic development and placenta development. Required for embryonic angiogenesis, normal cardiomyocyte migration and proliferation, and normal heart development. Regulates axon growth and neuronal cell migration, axon branching and synapse formation; required f [...] (1067 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Rattus norvegicus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10116
Other names: Buffalo rat, Norway rat, R. norvegicus, Rattus PC12 clone IS, Rattus sp. strain Wistar, Sprague-Dawley rat, Wistar rats, brown rat, laboratory rat, rat, rats, zitter rats
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