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albG albG abrB abrB ybdO ybdO glpT glpT ybfO ybfO yczC yczC ycdA ycdA ldh ldh lctP lctP putB putB nasD nasD srfAA srfAA ycxA ycxA mntH mntH ydzM ydzM ydfM ydfM ydhE ydhE bdhA bdhA yhfH yhfH yhfS yhfS yhfT yhfT bioY bioY argF argF manP manP trnE trnE pycA pycA tatAC tatAC citB citB des des desK desK desR desR yopU yopU yopT yopT yomL yomL youB youB yomK yomK bhlA bhlA birA birA resE resE resD resD sipW sipW tapA tapA ytnM ytnM rbfK rbfK tcyN tcyN tcyM tcyM tcyK tcyK tcyJ tcyJ bioI bioI bioB bioB bioD bioD bioF bioF bioK bioK bioW bioW ytkA ytkA luxS luxS bslA bslA dhbC dhbC pucL pucL liaR liaR liaS liaS yvqJ yvqJ spbC spbC epsO epsO epsN epsN epsM epsM epsC epsC epsB epsB cypX cypX yvmC yvmC yvmB yvmB yvmA yvmA alsR alsR arfM arfM narK narK sboX sboX albE albE albF albF ywhL ywhL ywcJ ywcJ sacT sacT cydD cydD cydC cydC yydF yydF
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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from curated databases
experimentally determined
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gene neighborhood
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albGPutative integral inner membrane protein involved in subtilosin production and immunity; Involved in the production of the bacteriocin subtilosin. (233 aa)
abrBTranscriptional regulator for transition state genes; Ambiactive repressor and activator of the transcription of genes expressed during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset of stationary phase and sporulation. It controls the expression of genes spovG and tycA. AbrB binds to the tycA promoter region at two A- and T-rich sites, it may be the sole repressor of tycA transcription; To B.subtilis Abh and SpoVT. (96 aa)
ybdOPutative phage protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; extrachromosomal origin. (394 aa)
glpTGlycerol-3-phosphate permease; Responsible for glycerol-3-phosphate uptake; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family. (444 aa)
ybfOPutative exported hydrolase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme. (446 aa)
yczCPutative integral inner membrane protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pm: putative membrane component. (127 aa)
ycdALipoprotein involved in swarming behaviour; Evidence 1b: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied species; Product type lp: lipoprotein. (354 aa)
ldhL-lactate dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate. (321 aa)
lctPL-lactate permease; May play a role in L-lactate transport. (541 aa)
putBProline oxidase; Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Important for the use of proline as a sole carbon and energy source or a sole nitrogen source. (303 aa)
nasDAssimilatory nitrite reductase subunit; Required for nitrite assimilation. (805 aa)
srfAASurfactin synthetase; This protein is a multifunctional enzyme able to activate and polymerize the amino acids Leu, Glu, Asp and Val. Activation sites for these AA consist of individual domains. (3587 aa)
ycxAPutative carboxylate permease; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (408 aa)
mntHManganese transporter; H(+)-stimulated, divalent metal cation uptake system. Involved in manganese uptake. Can probably also transport cadmium, cobalt, copper and zinc, but not iron. May be the predominant transporter of manganese during logarithmic phase growth. (425 aa)
ydzMPutative phage protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type h: extrachromosomal origin. (58 aa)
ydfMPutative divalent cation efflux transporter; Primary efflux pump for manganese. May prevent manganese intoxication; Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. (297 aa)
ydhEPutative glycosyltransferase; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pe: putative enzyme; Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family. (395 aa)
bdhAAcetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase; Evidence 1a: Function experimentally demonstrated in the studied strain; Product type e: enzyme. (346 aa)
yhfHHypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (46 aa)
yhfSPutative acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; May be involved in fatty acid metabolism; Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family. (364 aa)
yhfTPutative long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase; May be involved in fatty acid metabolism; Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family. (479 aa)
bioYBiotin transporter; Probable biotin transporter. (186 aa)
argFOrnithine carbamoyltransferase; Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate (CP) to the N(epsilon) atom of ornithine (ORN) to produce L-citrulline; Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. OTCase family. (319 aa)
manPPhosphotransferase system (PTS) mannose-specific enzyme IIBCA component; The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in mannose transport. (650 aa)
trnEtRNA editing protein; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the prolyl-tRNA editing family. YbaK/EbsC subfamily. (159 aa)
pycAPyruvate carboxylase; Catalyzes a 2-step reaction, involving the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the covalently attached biotin in the first step and the transfer of the carboxyl group to pyruvate in the second, leading to oxaloacetate production. Fulfills an anaplerotic function in B.subtilis as it is necessary for growth on glucose, but is not required for sporulation. (1148 aa)
tatACComponent of the twin-arginine pre-protein translocation pathway; Part of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system that transports large folded proteins containing a characteristic twin- arginine motif in their signal peptide across membranes. TatA could form the protein-conducting channel of the Tat system. (62 aa)
citBAconitate hydratase (aconitase); Involved in both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and methylcitric acid cycles. Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Also catalyzes the rehydration of 2- methyl-cis-aconitate to produce 2-methylisocitrate. The apo form of AcnA functions as a RNA-binding regulatory protein which plays a role in the regulation of citrate concentration and in the sporulation. To prevent the accumulation of excessive levels of citrate, it binds near the 5' end of the citZ mRNA, decreasing its stability and thereby limiting the conce [...] (909 aa)
desFatty acid desaturase; Catalyzes the introduction of a cis-double bond at the delta(5) position of existing saturated fatty acids attached to membrane phospholipids. It is not strictly specific for palmitic acid (C16) but can also accept C14 as well as C18 species to yield unsaturated fatty acids. (352 aa)
desKTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [DesR]; Member of the two-component regulatory system DesR/DesK, responsible for cold induction of the des gene coding for the Delta5 acyl-lipid desaturase. Acts as a sensor of the membrane fluidity. Probably activates DesR by phosphorylation. (370 aa)
desRTwo-component response regulator [DesK]; Member of the two-component regulatory system DesR/DesK, responsible for cold induction of the des gene coding for the Delta5 acyl-lipid desaturase. (199 aa)
yopUHypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences. (65 aa)
yopTHypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences. (72 aa)
yomLConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (228 aa)
youBConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function; PubMedId: 10931276. (58 aa)
yomKHypothetical protein; Evidence 5: No homology to any previously reported sequences. (148 aa)
bhlABacteriophage SPbeta holin-like protein; May be involved in the secretion of the autolysin BlyA. (70 aa)
birABiotin acetyl-CoA-carboxylase ligase and biotin regulon repressor; Acts both as a biotin--[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] ligase and a repressor; Belongs to the biotin--protein ligase family. (325 aa)
resETwo-component sensor histidine kinase; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE involved in the global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Probably phosphorylates ResD. (589 aa)
resDTwo-component response regulator; Member of the two-component regulatory system ResD/ResE. Required for the expression of resA, ctaA, qcrABC and fnr; activation role in global regulation of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (240 aa)
sipWType I signal peptidase; Required for the cleavage of the signal sequence of TasA and TapA, which are involved in biofilm formation. Belongs to the peptidase S26B family. (190 aa)
tapALipoprotein for biofilm formation; Required for biofilm formation. Required for the proper anchoring and polymerization of TasA amyloid fibers at the cell surface. Is also a minor component of TasA fibers. (253 aa)
ytnMPutative transporter; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (300 aa)
rbfKRNA-binding cryptic riboflavin kinase regulatory protein; May be directly involved in the regulation of the rib genes. C-terminal part of RibR specifically binds to RFN of the rib leader of the riboflavin biosynthetic operon. The RFN element is a sequence within the rib-leader mRNA reported to serve as a receptor for an FMN- dependent riboswitch. Possibly, RibR produces the comodulator FMN through its own N-terminal flavokinase activity. FMN-activated RibR may stabilize the anti-anti terminator structure of RFN mRNA, causing transcription termination of the rib genes in trans. (230 aa)
tcyNSulfur-containing amino-acid ABC transporter (ATP-binding protein); Part of the ABC transporter complex TcyJKLMN involved in L- cystine import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). Is also involved in cystathionine, djenkolate, and S- methylcysteine transport; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. L-cystine importer (TC 3.A.1.3.13) family. (259 aa)
tcyMSulfur-containing amino acid ABC transporter (permease); Part of the ABC transporter complex TcyJKLMN involved in L- cystine import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (Probable). Is also involved in cystathionine, djenkolate, and S-methylcysteine transport. (235 aa)
tcyKSulfur-containing amino acid ABC transporter binding lipoprotein; Part of the ABC transporter complex TcyJKLMN involved in L- cystine import. Is also involved in cystathionine, djenkolate, and S- methylcysteine transport; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 3 family. (270 aa)
tcyJSulfur containing amino acid ABC transporter binding lipoprotein; Part of the ABC transporter complex TcyJKLMN involved in L- cystine import. Is also involved in cystathionine, djenkolate, and S- methylcysteine transport; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 3 family. (269 aa)
bioICytochrome P450 for pimelic acid formation for biotin biosynthesis; Catalyzes the C-C bond cleavage of fatty acid linked to acyl carrier protein (ACP) to generate pimelic acid for biotin biosynthesis. It has high affinity for long-chain fatty acids with the greatest affinity for myristic acid; Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (395 aa)
bioBBiotin synthase; Catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin (DTB) to biotin by the insertion of a sulfur atom into dethiobiotin via a radical-based mechanism; Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Biotin synthase family. (335 aa)
bioDDethiobiotin synthetase; Catalyzes a mechanistically unusual reaction, the ATP- dependent insertion of CO2 between the N7 and N8 nitrogen atoms of 7,8- diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA) to form an ureido ring. (231 aa)
bioF8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase; Catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of pimeloyl-[acyl- carrier protein] and L-alanine to produce 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (AON), [acyl-carrier protein], and carbon dioxide. (389 aa)
bioKLysine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of the alpha-amino group from L-lysine to 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) to form 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA). B.subtilis is the only bacterium known to utilize L-lysine as an amino donor in the biosynthesis of DAPA. Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. BioA subfamily. (448 aa)
bioW6-carboxyhexanoate-CoA ligase (pimeloyl-CoA synthase); Catalyzes the transformation of pimelate into pimeloyl-CoA with concomitant hydrolysis of ATP to AMP. (258 aa)
ytkAPutative lipoprotein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type lp: lipoprotein. (145 aa)
luxSS-ribosylhomocysteine lyase; Involved in the synthesis of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) which is secreted by bacteria and is used to communicate both the cell density and the metabolic potential of the environment. The regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. Catalyzes the transformation of S-ribosylhomocysteine (RHC) to homocysteine (HC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentadione (DPD); Belongs to the LuxS family. (157 aa)
bslABiofilm hydrophobic layer component; Involved in biofilm formation. Self-polymerizes and forms a layer on the surface of biofilms that confers hydrophobicity to the biofilm. The layer is stable and capable of resistance to high mechanical force compression. Required for complex colony architecture. May function synergistically with exopolysaccharides and TasA amyloid fibers to facilitate the assembly of the biofilm matrix. (181 aa)
dhbCIsochorismate synthase; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type e: enzyme; Belongs to the isochorismate synthase family. (398 aa)
pucLUrate oxidase with peroxide reductase N-terminal domain; Catalyzes two steps in the degradation of uric acid, i.e. the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate (HIU) and the stereoselective decarboxylation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5- ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) to (S)-allantoin. (494 aa)
liaRTwo-component response regulator [YvqE] responding to cell wall stress; Member of the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR probably involved in response to a subset of cell wall-active antibiotics that interfere with the lipid II cycle in the cytoplasmic membrane (bacitracin, nisin, ramoplanin and vancomycin). Seems also involved in response to cationic antimicrobial peptides and secretion stress. LiaR regulates the transcription of the liaIHGFSR operon. (211 aa)
liaSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase [YvqC] sensing cell wall stress; Member of the two-component regulatory system LiaS/LiaR probably involved in response to a subset of cell wall-active antibiotics that interfere with the lipid II cycle in the cytoplasmic membrane (bacitracin, nisin, ramoplanin and vancomycin). Seems also involved in response to cationic antimicrobial peptides and secretion stress. Activates probably LiaR by phosphorylation. (360 aa)
yvqJPutative efflux protein; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (422 aa)
spbCKilling factor SdpC; Produces a 42-residue extracellular sporulation delaying protein (SDP) that collapses the proton motive force (probably both the membrane potential and pH gradient) across the cell membrane, which leads to autolysis; may form a proton channel. Induces the lysis of other B.subtilis cells that have not entered the sporulation pathway, inducing cannibalism to provide a source of nutrients to support sporulation, and at the same time delaying commitment to the energetically expensive and irreversible onset of sporulation. Addition of SDP to liquid cultures halts growth [...] (203 aa)
epsOPutative pyruvyl transferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles; Belongs to the polysaccharide pyruvyl transferase family. (322 aa)
epsNPutative aminotransferase; May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. (388 aa)
epsMPutative O-acetyltransferase; Catalyzes the conversion of UDP-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-acetamido-4- amino glucose to UDP-2,4,6-trideoxy-2,4-diacetamido glucose, commonly known as UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine (UDP-diNAcBac). Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (216 aa)
epsCPutative UDP-sugar epimerase; Involved in biofilm formation; Belongs to the polysaccharide synthase family. (598 aa)
epsBProtein tyrosine kinase; Evidence 2b: Function of strongly homologous gene; enzyme; Belongs to the CpsD/CapB family. (227 aa)
cypXcyclo-L-leucyl-L-leucyl dipeptide oxidase; Involved in the biosynthesis of pulcherrimin, a red extracellular pigment. Catalyzes the oxidation of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Leu) (cLL) to yield pulcherriminic acid which forms pulcherrimin via a nonenzymic reaction with Fe(3+). Substrates with small alkyl groups (cAA, cLG, cLP) exhibit weaker binding to CYP134A1, but substrates with larger hydrophobic side chains bind in a similar regime to cLL. Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family. (405 aa)
yvmCCyclodipeptide synthase; Involved in the biosynthesis of pulcherrimin, a red extracellular pigment. It uses activated amino acids in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) as substrates to catalyze the ATP- independent formation of cyclodipeptides which are intermediates in diketopiperazine (DKP) biosynthetic pathways. Catalyzes the formation of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Leu) (cLL) from L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu). Can also incorporate various nonpolar residues, such as L-phenylalanine, L- leucine and methionine, into cyclodipeptides. (248 aa)
yvmBPutative transcriptional regulator; Represses the expression of the yvmC-cypX operon, which is involved in pulcherriminic acid biosynthesis. Also negatively regulates yvmA, yvnB and its own expression. Positively regulates yisI expression. Acts by binding specifically to a 14-bp palindromic motif, the YvmB box, which is present in the promoter region of the target genes. (169 aa)
yvmAPutative efflux transporter; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; Product type pt: putative transporter. (403 aa)
alsRTranscriptional regulator controlling alsSD and ictEP expression (LysR family); Regulates the expression of the alsSD operon for acetoin biosynthesis. (302 aa)
arfMTranscriptional regulator; Activates, in anaerobic conditions, the transcription of the fermentative operons lctEP and alsDS, of the hmp gene encoding a flavohemoglobin-like protein, the nitrite reductase operon nasDE and the heme biosynthesis genes hemN and hemZ. (158 aa)
narKNitrite extrusion permease; Involved in excretion of nitrite produced by the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Nitrate/nitrite porter (TC 2.A.1.8) family. (395 aa)
sboXPutative bacteriocin-like product; Evidence 3: Function proposed based on presence of conserved amino acid motif, structural feature or limited homology; putative factor. (50 aa)
albEPutative hydrolase involved in subtilosin production; Involved in the production of the bacteriocin subtilosin. (386 aa)
albFPutative peptidase involved in subtilosin production; Required for production of the bacteriocin subtilosin. Could catalyze some step in the processing of presubtilosin. (426 aa)
ywhLConserved hypothetical protein; Evidence 4: Homologs of previously reported genes of unknown function. (458 aa)
ywcJFormate/nitrite transporter; Evidence 2a: Function of homologous gene experimentally demonstrated in an other organism; Product type t: transporter. (256 aa)
sacTTranscriptional antiterminator; Mediates positive regulation of the sacPA operon by functioning as an antiterminator factor of transcription; Belongs to the transcriptional antiterminator BglG family. (276 aa)
cydDABC membrane transporter (ATP-binding protein) required for cytochrome bb' function; Somehow involved in the cytochrome D branch of aerobic respiration. Seems to be a component of a transport system (By similarity); Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Cysteine exporter (TC 3.A.1.129.1) family. (575 aa)
cydCABC membrane transporter (ATP-binding protein) required for cytochrome bb' function; Somehow involved in the cytochrome D branch of aerobic respiration. Seems to be a component of a transport system (By similarity); Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Cysteine exporter (TC 3.A.1.129.1) family. (567 aa)
yydFPeptide controlling LiaRS; Suggested to be the precursor for an exported, modified peptide that has antimicrobial and/or signaling properties. Synthesis requires YydG and YydH; the peptide is proposed to be exported by the YydIJ transporter. In the absence of the transporter, the modified peptide activates the LiaRS two-component regulatory system, possibly by eliciting cell envelope stress. This activation can occur in trans in cocultured cells lacking either the transporter or the whole operon. (49 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bacillus subtilis 168
NCBI taxonomy Id: 224308
Other names: B. subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168, Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. BGSC 1A700
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