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carA carA carB carB folA folA guaC guaC hpt hpt folK folK gpt gpt codB codB codA codA yaiE yaiE apt apt gsk gsk ushA ushA purK purK purE purE folD folD pyrD pyrD pyrC pyrC purB purB purU purU tdk tdk pyrF pyrF folM folM add add purR purR purT purT amn amn udk udk cdd cdd folE folE yfbR yfbR purF purF cvpA cvpA folC folC purC purC uraA uraA upp upp purM purM purN purN guaA guaA guaB guaB glyA glyA purL purL pcm pcm umpG umpG ygdH ygdH thyA thyA xanQ xanQ uacT uacT fau fau folB folB folP folP yrfG yrfG pyrE pyrE xanP xanP adeQ adeQ adeD adeD adeP adeP udp udp purD purD purH purH ghxP ghxP purA purA cpdB cpdB pyrI pyrI pyrB pyrB yjjG yjjG deoC deoC deoA deoA deoB deoB deoD deoD ghxQ ghxQ
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carACarbamoyl phosphate synthetase small subunit, glutamine amidotransferase; Protein involved in arginine biosynthetic process and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process. (382 aa)
carBCarbamoyl-phosphate synthase large subunit; Protein involved in arginine biosynthetic process and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process; Belongs to the CarB family. (1073 aa)
folADihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. (159 aa)
guaCGMP reductase; Catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides; Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. GuaC type 1 subfamily. (347 aa)
hptHypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; Acts preferentially on hypoxanthine; has very low activity towards guanine. Inactive towards xanthine. Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. (178 aa)
folK7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin- pyrophosphokinase; Protein involved in folic acid biosynthetic process; Belongs to the HPPK family. (159 aa)
gptXanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; Acts on guanine, xanthine and to a lesser extent hypoxanthine. (152 aa)
codBCytosine transporter; Required for cytosine transport into the cell; Belongs to the purine-cytosine permease (2.A.39) family. (419 aa)
codACytosine/isoguanine deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil. Is involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, which allows the cell to utilize cytosine for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Is also able to catalyze deamination of isoguanine, a mutagenic oxidation product of adenine in DNA, and of isocytosine. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes the conversion of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) to 5-fluorouracil (5FU); this activity allows the formation of a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent from a non-cytotoxic precursor. Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases supe [...] (427 aa)
yaiEUPF0345 family protein; Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of diverse nucleosides, yielding D-ribose 1-phosphate and the respective free bases. Can use uridine, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, inosine and xanthosine as substrates. Also catalyzes the reverse reactions. Is not able to produce D-ribose 1-phosphate from D-ribose and phosphate. (94 aa)
aptAdenine phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis. (183 aa)
gskInosine-guanosine kinase; Protein involved in nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion. (434 aa)
ushABifunctional UDP-sugar hydrolase/5'-nucleotidase; Degradation of external UDP-glucose to uridine monophosphate and glucose-1-phosphate, which can then be used by the cell. (550 aa)
purKN5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) and HCO(3)(-) to N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5-CAIR); Belongs to the PurK/PurT family. (355 aa)
purEN5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase; Catalyzes the conversion of N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5-CAIR) to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR); Belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class I subfamily. (169 aa)
folDMethenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase; Catalyzes the oxidation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and then the hydrolysis of 5,10- methenyltetrahydrofolate to 10-formyltetrahydrofolate. This enzyme is specific for NADP. (288 aa)
pyrDDihydro-orotate oxidase, FMN-linked; Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor. (336 aa)
pyrCDihydro-orotase; Catalyzes the reversible cyclization of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily. (348 aa)
purBAdenylosuccinate lyase; Protein involved in purine nucleotide biosynthetic process; Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily. (456 aa)
purUFormyltetrahydrofolate hydrolase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (formyl-FH4) to formate and tetrahydrofolate (FH4). Provides the major source of formate for the PurT-dependent synthesis of 5'- phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide (FGAR) during aerobic growth. Has a role in regulating the one-carbon pool. (280 aa)
tdkThymidine kinase/deoxyuridine kinase; Phosphorylates both thymidine and deoxyuridine. (205 aa)
pyrFOrotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) to uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP). (245 aa)
folMDihydromonapterin reductase, NADPH-dependent; Catalyzes the reduction of dihydromonapterin to tetrahydromonapterin. Also has lower activity with dihydrofolate. (240 aa)
addAdenosine deaminase; Protein involved in nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family. Adenosine deaminase subfamily. (333 aa)
purRTranscriptional repressor, hypoxanthine-binding; Is the main repressor of the genes involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, regulating purB, purC, purEK, purF, purHD, purL, purMN and guaBA expression. In addition, it participates in the regulation or coregulation of genes involved in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, salvage and uptake (pyrC, pyrD, carAB and codBA), and of several genes encoding enzymes necessary for nucleotide and polyamine biosynthesis (prsA, glyA, gcvTHP, speA, glnB). Binds to a 16-bp palindromic sequence located within the promoter region [...] (341 aa)
purTPhosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2; Involved in the de novo purine biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of formate to 5-phospho-ribosyl-glycinamide (GAR), producing 5-phospho-ribosyl-N-formylglycinamide (FGAR). Formate is provided by PurU via hydrolysis of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate. PurT is also able to cleave acetyl phosphate and carbamoyl phosphate to produce ATP with acetate and carbamate, respectively; Belongs to the PurK/PurT family. (392 aa)
amnAMP nucleosidase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of AMP to form adenine and ribose 5-phosphate. Involved in regulation of AMP concentrations. (484 aa)
udkUridine/cytidine kinase; Protein involved in nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion; Belongs to the uridine kinase family. (213 aa)
cddCytidine/deoxycytidine deaminase; This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis. (294 aa)
folEGTP cyclohydrolase I; Protein involved in folic acid biosynthetic process; Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I family. (222 aa)
yfbR5'-nucleotidase; Essential component of the deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) pathway for de novo synthesis of thymidylate. Catalyzes the strictly specific dephosphorylation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates (dAMP, dGMP, dTMP, dUMP, dIMP and dCMP) and does not dephosphorylate 5'-ribonucleotides or ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphates. (199 aa)
purFAmidophosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the formation of phosphoribosylamine from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and glutamine. Can also use NH(3) in place of glutamine. (505 aa)
cvpAColicin V production protein; Required for colicin V production from plasmid IncFI ColV3- K30. (162 aa)
folCBifunctional folylpolyglutamate synthase/ dihydrofolate synthase; Functions in two distinct reactions of the de novo folate biosynthetic pathway. Catalyzes the addition of a glutamate residue to dihydropteroate (7,8-dihydropteroate or H2Pte) to form dihydrofolate (7,8-dihydrofolate monoglutamate or H2Pte-Glu). Also catalyzes successive additions of L-glutamate to tetrahydrofolate or 10- formyltetrahydrofolate or 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, leading to folylpolyglutamate derivatives. (422 aa)
purCPhosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthetase = SAICAR synthetase; Protein involved in purine nucleotide biosynthetic process. (237 aa)
uraAUracil permease; Transport of uracil in the cell. Belongs to the xanthine/uracil permease family. Nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) subfamily. (429 aa)
uppUracil phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the conversion of uracil and 5-phospho-alpha-D- ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) to UMP and diphosphate. (208 aa)
purMPhosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase = AIR synthetase; Protein involved in purine nucleotide biosynthetic process; Belongs to the AIR synthase family. (345 aa)
purNPhosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 1; Catalyzes the transfer of a formyl group from 10- formyltetrahydrofolate to 5-phospho-ribosyl-glycinamide (GAR), producing 5-phospho-ribosyl-N-formylglycinamide (FGAR) and tetrahydrofolate; Belongs to the GART family. (212 aa)
guaAGMP synthetase (glutamine aminotransferase); Catalyzes the synthesis of GMP from XMP. (525 aa)
guaBIMP dehydrogenase; Catalyzes the conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) to xanthosine 5'-phosphate (XMP), the first committed and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth. Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family. (488 aa)
glyASerine hydroxymethyltransferase; Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of serine and glycine with tetrahydrofolate (THF) serving as the one-carbon carrier. This reaction serves as the major source of one-carbon groups required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and other important biomolecules. Also exhibits THF-independent aldolase activity toward beta-hydroxyamino acids, producing glycine and aldehydes, via a retro-aldol mechanism. Thus, is able to catalyze the cleavage of allothreonine and 3-phenylserine. Also catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5,10-m [...] (417 aa)
purLPhosphoribosylformyl-glycineamide synthetase; Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase involved in the purines biosynthetic pathway. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR) and glutamine to yield formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) and glutamate. (1295 aa)
pcmL-isoaspartate protein carboxylmethyltransferase type II; Catalyzes the methyl esterification of L-isoaspartyl residues in peptides and proteins that result from spontaneous decomposition of normal L-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues. It plays a role in the repair and/or degradation of damaged proteins. This enzyme does not act on D-aspartyl residues; Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L- isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family. (208 aa)
umpGBroad specificity 5'(3')-nucleotidase and polyphosphatase; Nucleotidase with a broad substrate specificity as it can dephosphorylate various ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates and ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphates with highest affinity to 3'-AMP. Also hydrolyzes polyphosphate (exopolyphosphatase activity) with the preference for short-chain-length substrates (P20-25). Might be involved in the regulation of dNTP and NTP pools, and in the turnover of 3'-mononucleotides produced by numerous intracellular RNases (T1, T2, and F) during the degradation of various RNAs. Also plays [...] (253 aa)
ygdHUPF0717 family protein; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of diverse pyrimidine and purine nucleotide 5'-monophosphates, to form ribose 5- phosphate and the corresponding free base. Can use AMP, GMP, IMP, CMP, dTMP and UMP as substrates. Cannot catalyze the reverse reactions. Is required for optimal growth in glucose minimal medium, possibly because it contributes to nucleoside pool homeostasis by degrading excess nucleotides and feeding back the ribose moiety to catabolism. (454 aa)
thyAThymidylate synthetase; Catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'- monophosphate (dUMP) to 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP) while utilizing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (mTHF) as the methyl donor and reductant in the reaction, yielding dihydrofolate (DHF) as a by-product. This enzymatic reaction provides an intracellular de novo source of dTMP, an essential precursor for DNA biosynthesis. This protein also binds to its mRNA thus repressing its own translation. (264 aa)
xanQXanthine permease; Specific, proton motive force-dependent high-affinity transporter for xanthine; Belongs to the xanthine/uracil permease family. Nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) subfamily. (466 aa)
uacTUric acid permease; Proton-dependent high-capacity transporter for uric acid. Shows also a low capacity for transport of xanthine at 37 degrees Celsius but not at 25 degrees Celsius; Belongs to the xanthine/uracil permease family. Nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) subfamily. (482 aa)
fau5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase family protein; Involved in the removal of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. In vitro, it is a potent inhibitor of various folate-dependent enzymes in the C1 metabolism network and in vivo it might function as a folate storage. 5-formyltetrahydrofolate is also used as an antifolate rescue agent in cancer chemotherapy. Catalyzes the irreversible ATP-dependent transformation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) to form 5,10- methenyltetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH=THF). The reverse reaction is catalyzed by the serine hydroxymethyltransferase GlyA (SHMT). (182 aa)
folBDihydroneopterin aldolase and dihydroneopterin triphosphate 2'-epimerase; Catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin to 6- hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin. Can use L-threo-dihydroneopterin and D-erythro-dihydroneopterin as substrates for the formation of 6- hydroxymethyldihydropterin, but it can also catalyze the epimerization of carbon 2' of dihydroneopterin to dihydromonapterin at appreciable velocity; Belongs to the DHNA family. (122 aa)
folP7,8-dihydropteroate synthase; Catalyzes the condensation of para-aminobenzoate (pABA) with 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin diphosphate (DHPt-PP) to form 7,8- dihydropteroate (H2Pte), the immediate precursor of folate derivatives. Belongs to the DHPS family. (282 aa)
yrfGGMP/IMP nucleotidase; Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of different purine nucleotides (GMP and IMP). Also hydrolyzes flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. (222 aa)
pyrEOrotate phosphoribosyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a ribosyl phosphate group from 5- phosphoribose 1-diphosphate to orotate, leading to the formation of orotidine monophosphate (OMP); Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. PyrE subfamily. (213 aa)
xanPXanthine permease; Specific, proton motive force-dependent high-affinity transporter for xanthine; Belongs to the xanthine/uracil permease family. Nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) subfamily. (463 aa)
adeQAdenine permease, high affinity; High-affinity transporter for adenine. (444 aa)
adeDCryptic adenine deaminase; Protein involved in metabolic process; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenine deaminase family. (588 aa)
adePAdenine permease, high affinity; High-affinity transporter for adenine. Belongs to the xanthine/uracil permease family. AzgA purine transporter (TC 2.A.1.40) subfamily. (445 aa)
udpUridine phosphorylase; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine and deoxyuridine to uracil and ribose- or deoxyribose-1-phosphate. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis. (253 aa)
purDPhosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase = GAR synthetase; Protein involved in purine nucleotide biosynthetic process; Belongs to the GARS family. (429 aa)
purHIMP cyclohydrolase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase; Protein involved in purine nucleotide biosynthetic process and nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion. (529 aa)
ghxPGuanine/hypoxanthine permease, high affinity; High-affinity transporter for guanine and hypoxanthine. (449 aa)
purAAdenylosuccinate synthetase; Plays an important role in the de novo pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP; Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family. (432 aa)
cpdB2':3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase; This bifunctional enzyme catalyzes two consecutive reactions during ribonucleic acid degradation. Converts a 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide to a 3'-nucleotide and then the 3'-nucleotide to the corresponding nucleoside and phosphate; Belongs to the 5'-nucleotidase family. (647 aa)
pyrIAspartate carbamoyltransferase, regulatory subunit; Involved in allosteric regulation of aspartate carbamoyltransferase; Belongs to the PyrI family. (153 aa)
pyrBAspartate carbamoyltransferase, catalytic subunit; Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. ATCase family. (311 aa)
yjjGdUMP phosphatase; Nucleotidase that shows high phosphatase activity toward non- canonical pyrimidine nucleotides and three canonical nucleoside 5'- monophosphates (UMP, dUMP, and dTMP), and very low activity against TDP, IMP, UDP, GMP, dGMP, AMP, dAMP, and 6-phosphogluconate. Appears to function as a house-cleaning nucleotidase in vivo, since the general nucleotidase activity of YjjG allows it to protect cells against non- canonical pyrimidine derivatives such as 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, 5- fluorouridine, 5-fluoroorotate, 5-fluorouracil, and 5-aza-2'- deoxycytidine, and prevents the i [...] (225 aa)
deoC2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase, NAD(P)-linked; Catalyzes a reversible aldol reaction between acetaldehyde and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to generate 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5- phosphate. Can also catalyze the double aldol condensation of three acetaldehyde molecules, leading to the formation of 2,4,6-trideoxyhexose. Belongs to the DeoC/FbaB aldolase family. DeoC type 2 subfamily. (259 aa)
deoAThymidine phosphorylase; The enzymes which catalyze the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine nucleosides are involved in the degradation of these compounds and in their utilization as carbon and energy sources, or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis; Belongs to the thymidine/pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase family. (440 aa)
deoBPhosphopentomutase; Phosphotransfer between the C1 and C5 carbon atoms of pentose; Belongs to the phosphopentomutase family. (407 aa)
deoDPurine nucleoside phosphorylase 1; Cleavage of guanosine or inosine to respective bases and sugar-1-phosphate molecules. (239 aa)
ghxQGuanine/hypoxanthine permease, high affinity; High-affinity transporter for guanine and hypoxanthine. (455 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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