STRINGSTRING
NLGN1 NLGN1 FLRT3 FLRT3 TUBB TUBB GHRL GHRL HOMER1 HOMER1 SLITRK2 SLITRK2 FLRT2 FLRT2 EPHB3 EPHB3 EFNA5 EFNA5 OXTR OXTR AMIGO3 AMIGO3 TNNI3K TNNI3K ARHGAP33 ARHGAP33 CDK5R1 CDK5R1 BAIAP2 BAIAP2 LRRN1 LRRN1 IL1RAP IL1RAP ANAPC2 ANAPC2 LRFN4 LRFN4 NPTX1 NPTX1 NEUROD2 NEUROD2 ARF4 ARF4 NLGN2 NLGN2 LRP8 LRP8 ZNF804A ZNF804A VPS35 VPS35 C1QL3 C1QL3 LRRK2 LRRK2 CAPRIN2 CAPRIN2 ARF6 ARF6 LRFN5 LRFN5 ABI2 ABI2 LRRTM1 LRRTM1 FZD1 FZD1 LHFPL4 LHFPL4 WNT7A WNT7A APP APP WNT3A WNT3A GRID2 GRID2 EPHA4 EPHA4 PTPRO PTPRO SLC7A11 SLC7A11 GPM6A GPM6A NTRK2 NTRK2 LRRTM2 LRRTM2 CBLN2 CBLN2 CDH2 CDH2 ST8SIA2 ST8SIA2 AMIGO2 AMIGO2 CLSTN3 CLSTN3 SLIT1 SLIT1 WNT5A WNT5A RAB17 RAB17 NGEF NGEF NECTIN1 NECTIN1 TANC1 TANC1 EEF2K EEF2K CUX2 CUX2 ITPKA ITPKA TLR2 TLR2 DAB2IP DAB2IP ABHD17C ABHD17C CAMK1 CAMK1 APOE APOE ABHD17A ABHD17A LRFN3 LRFN3 GHSR GHSR CRIPT CRIPT MAPK14 MAPK14 IL10RA IL10RA ABI3 ABI3 ASIC2 ASIC2 CBLN1 CBLN1 OXT OXT SIX4 SIX4 NTN1 NTN1 CTTNBP2 CTTNBP2 SEMA3F SEMA3F SETD5 SETD5 VSTM5 VSTM5 TANC2 TANC2 NFATC4 NFATC4 RELN RELN CAPRIN1 CAPRIN1 LRRN3 LRRN3 TNF TNF PRNP PRNP RHOA RHOA CLSTN2 CLSTN2 MDGA1 MDGA1 BHLHB9 BHLHB9 DISC1 DISC1 IL10 IL10 ARHGAP22 ARHGAP22 BDNF BDNF EIF4G1 EIF4G1 SEMA4D SEMA4D DHX36 DHX36 ROBO2 ROBO2 DBNL DBNL CAMKV CAMKV CDK5 CDK5 SLITRK3 SLITRK3 NEDD4 NEDD4 STAU2 STAU2 ADGRB1 ADGRB1 NTRK1 NTRK1 CFL1 CFL1 LRRC24 LRRC24 HSPA8 HSPA8 KIF1A KIF1A TUBA1A TUBA1A DAG1 DAG1 MYCBP2 MYCBP2 LRTM2 LRTM2 PPFIA2 PPFIA2 SIPA1L1 SIPA1L1 CLN3 CLN3 CDH8 CDH8 PTPRS PTPRS GRIN2B GRIN2B PDLIM5 PDLIM5 CYFIP1 CYFIP1 SRCIN1 SRCIN1 FARP1 FARP1 SHANK3 SHANK3 SIX1 SIX1 SLITRK6 SLITRK6 UBE3A UBE3A LRRC4B LRRC4B SNCA SNCA CAMK2B CAMK2B DBN1 DBN1 NTNG2 NTNG2 KLK8 KLK8 LILRB2 LILRB2 COLQ COLQ PTPRD PTPRD FRMPD4 FRMPD4 CDKL5 CDKL5 ARHGAP44 ARHGAP44 NEDD9 NEDD9 AGRN AGRN NRCAM NRCAM IL1RAPL1 IL1RAPL1 LRP4 LRP4 ACTR2 ACTR2 PCDH8 PCDH8 CLSTN1 CLSTN1 SLITRK1 SLITRK1 SLITRK5 SLITRK5 GPC6 GPC6 ABHD17B ABHD17B SYNDIG1 SYNDIG1 GRIPAP1 GRIPAP1 MUSK MUSK DGKB DGKB NRXN1 NRXN1 CTNNA2 CTNNA2 EPHB2 EPHB2 EPHB1 EPHB1 INS INS PAFAH1B1 PAFAH1B1 YWHAZ YWHAZ DKK1 DKK1 ZDHHC15 ZDHHC15 TREM2 TREM2 SRPX2 SRPX2 IL1RAPL2 IL1RAPL2 CDC20 CDC20 DLG5 DLG5 ABL1 ABL1 PTEN PTEN ADNP ADNP GPC4 GPC4 ADGRB3 ADGRB3 AMIGO1 AMIGO1 NEURL1 NEURL1 TPBG TPBG EPHA7 EPHA7 LINGO4 LINGO4 CHRNB2 CHRNB2 EFNA1 EFNA1 SEMA4A SEMA4A IGSF9 IGSF9 THBS2 THBS2 EGLN1 EGLN1 LRRTM3 LRRTM3 ARHGEF15 ARHGEF15 DRD2 DRD2 DCTN1 DCTN1 NTRK3 NTRK3 PAK3 PAK3 NRP2 NRP2 LZTS3 LZTS3 VCP VCP NLGN3 NLGN3 FCGR2B FCGR2B NEGR1 NEGR1 SLITRK4 SLITRK4 ARC ARC DNM3 DNM3 FYN FYN DMPK DMPK LRFN2 LRFN2 SHANK2 SHANK2 DTNBP1 DTNBP1 MEF2C MEF2C ADGRL1 ADGRL1
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NLGN1Neuroligin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Required to maintain wakefulness quality and normal synchrony of cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and sleep. (823 aa)
FLRT3Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT3; Functions in cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and axon guidance, exerting an attractive or repulsive role depending on its interaction partners. Plays a role in the spatial organization of brain neurons. Plays a role in vascular development in the retina (By similarity). Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with ADGRL3 and probably also other latrophilins that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells. Interaction with the intracellular domain of ROBO1 mediates axon attraction towards cells expressing NTN1. Media [...] (649 aa)
TUBBTubulin beta chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (444 aa)
GHRLAppetite-regulating hormone; Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation. (117 aa)
HOMER1Homer protein homolog 1; Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release. May also couple GRM1 to PI3 kinase through its interaction with AGAP2. Isoform 1 regulates the trafficking and surface expression of GRM5. Isoform 3 acts as a natural dominant negative, in dynamic competition with constitutively expressed isoform 1 to regulate synaptic meta [...] (354 aa)
SLITRK2SLIT and NTRK-like protein 2; It is involved in synaptogenesis and promotes excitatory synapse differentiation. Suppresses neurite outgrowth (By similarity). (845 aa)
FLRT2Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT2; Functions in cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and axon guidance. Mediates cell-cell adhesion via its interactions with ADGRL3 and probably also other latrophilins that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells. May play a role in the migration of cortical neurons during brain development via its interaction with UNC5D. Mediates axon growth cone collapse and plays a repulsive role in neuron guidance via its interaction with UNC5D, and possibly also other UNC-5 family members. Plays a role in fibroblast growth factor-mediated signal [...] (660 aa)
EPHB3Ephrin type-B receptor 3; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously transmembrane ephrin-B family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Generally has an overlapping and redundant function with EPHB2. Like EPHB2, functions in axon guidance during development regulating for instance the neurons forming the corpus callosum and [...] (998 aa)
EFNA5Ephrin-A5; Cell surface GPI-bound ligand for Eph receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are crucial for migration, repulsion and adhesion during neuronal, vascular and epithelial development. Binds promiscuously Eph receptors residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Induces compartmentalized signaling within a caveolae-like memb [...] (228 aa)
OXTROxytocin receptor; Receptor for oxytocin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily. (389 aa)
AMIGO3Amphoterin-induced protein 3; May mediate heterophilic cell-cell interaction. May contribute to signal transduction through its intracellular domain (By similarity). (504 aa)
TNNI3KSerine/threonine-protein kinase TNNI3K; May play a role in cardiac physiology. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily. (835 aa)
ARHGAP33Rho GTPase-activating protein 33; May be involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking. Could play an important role in the regulation of glucose transport by insulin. May act as a downstream effector of RHOQ/TC10 in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport (By similarity). Belongs to the PX domain-containing GAP family. (1126 aa)
CDK5R1Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1, p25; p35 is a neuron specific activator of CDK5. The complex p35/CDK5 is required for neurite outgrowth and cortical lamination. Involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis by mediating the EFNA1-EPHA4 signaling. Activator of TPKII. The complex p35/CDK5 participates in the regulation of the circadian clock by modulating the function of CLOCK protein: phosphorylates CLOCK at 'Thr-451' and 'Thr-461' and regulates the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer in association with altered stability and subcellular distribution. (307 aa)
BAIAP2Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2; Adapter protein that links membrane-bound small G-proteins to cytoplasmic effector proteins. Necessary for CDC42-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and for RAC1-mediated membrane ruffling. Involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by WASF family members and the Arp2/3 complex. Plays a role in neurite growth. Acts syngeristically with ENAH to promote filipodia formation. Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to bacterial infection. Participates in actin bundling whe [...] (552 aa)
LRRN1Leucine rich repeat neuronal 1. (716 aa)
IL1RAPInterleukin-1 receptor accessory protein; Coreceptor for IL1RL2 in the IL-36 signaling system (By similarity). Coreceptor with IL1R1 in the IL-1 signaling system. Associates with IL1R1 bound to IL1B to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates interleukin-1-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B and other pathways. Signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as TOLLIP, MYD88, and IRAK1 or IRAK2 via the respective TIR domains of the receptor/coreceptor subunits. Recruits TOLLIP to the signaling complex. Does not bind to interleukin-1 alone; bindin [...] (687 aa)
ANAPC2Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2; Together with the RING-H2 protein ANAPC11, constitutes the catalytic component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. The CDC20-APC/C complex positively re [...] (822 aa)
LRFN4Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 4; Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. May play a role in redistributing DLG4 to the cell periphery (By similarity). Belongs to the LRFN family. (635 aa)
NPTX1Neuronal pentraxin-1; May be involved in mediating uptake of synaptic material during synapse remodeling or in mediating the synaptic clustering of AMPA glutamate receptors at a subset of excitatory synapses. (432 aa)
NEUROD2Neurogenic differentiation factor 2; Transcriptional regulator implicated in neuronal determination. Mediates calcium-dependent transcription activation by binding to E box-containing promoter. Critical factor essential for the repression of the genetic program for neuronal differentiation; prevents the formation of synaptic vesicle clustering at active zone to the presynaptic membrane in postmitotic neurons. Induces transcription of ZEB1, which in turn represses neuronal differentiation by down- regulating REST expression. Plays a role in the establishment and maturation of thalamocor [...] (382 aa)
ARF4ADP-ribosylation factor 4; GTP-binding protein that functions as an allosteric activator of the cholera toxin catalytic subunit, an ADP-ribosyltransferase. Involved in protein trafficking; may modulate vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus. (180 aa)
NLGN2Neuroligin-2; Transmembrane scaffolding protein involved in cell-cell interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Mediates cell-cell interactions both in neurons and in other types of cells, such as Langerhans beta cells. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, especially via gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors). Functions by recruiting and clustering synaptic proteins. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic GABRG2 and GPHN. Promotes clustering of postsynaptic LHFPL4 (By similarity). Modulates signaling by inhibitory synapses [...] (835 aa)
LRP8Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8; Cell surface receptor for Reelin (RELN) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing ligands. LRP8 participates in transmitting the extracellular Reelin signal to intracellular signaling processes, by binding to DAB1 on its cytoplasmic tail. Reelin acts via both the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) and LRP8 to regulate DAB1 tyrosine phosphorylation and microtubule function in neurons. LRP8 has higher affinity for Reelin than VLDLR. LRP8 is thus a key component of the Reelin pathway which governs neuronal layering of the forebrain during embryonic brai [...] (963 aa)
ZNF804AZinc finger protein 804A. (1209 aa)
VPS35Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35; Acts as component of the retromer cargo-selective complex (CSC). The CSC is believed to be the core functional component of retromer or respective retromer complex variants acting to prevent missorting of selected transmembrane cargo proteins into the lysosomal degradation pathway. The recruitment of the CSC to the endosomal membrane involves RAB7A and SNX3. The CSC seems to associate with the cytoplasmic domain of cargo proteins predominantly via VPS35; however, these interactions seem to be of low affinity and retromer SNX proteins may [...] (796 aa)
C1QL3Complement C1q-like protein 3; May regulate the number of excitatory synapses that are formed on hippocampus neurons. Has no effect on inhibitory synapses (By similarity). Plays a role in glucose homeostasis. Via AMPK signaling pathway, stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes, myotubes and hepatocytes and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In a hepatoma cell line, reduces the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes G6PC and PCK1 and hence decreases de novo glucose production (By similarity). (255 aa)
LRRK2Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking. Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation. Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB5A, RAB5B, RAB5C, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43. Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of 'Thr-72' on RAB8A. Inhibits the inte [...] (2527 aa)
CAPRIN2Caprin-2; Promotes phosphorylation of the Wnt coreceptor LRP6, leading to increased activity of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Facilitates constitutive LRP6 phosphorylation by CDK14/CCNY during G2/M stage of the cell cycle, which may potentiate cells for Wnt signaling. May regulate the transport and translation of mRNAs, modulating for instance the expression of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity in neurons (By similarity). Involved in regulation of growth as erythroblasts shift from a highly proliferative state towards their terminal phase of differentiation. May be involv [...] (1077 aa)
ARF6ADP-ribosylation factor 6; GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling and cytoskeleton remodeling. Required for normal completion of mitotic cytokinesis (By similarity). Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of stress fibers (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of dendritic spine development, contributing to the regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia extension. Plays an important role in membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization. Regulates surface le [...] (175 aa)
LRFN5Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5; Cell adhesion molecule that mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons; Belongs to the LRFN family. (719 aa)
ABI2Abl interactor 2; Regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics underlying cell motility and adhesion. Functions as a component of the WAVE complex, which activates actin nucleating machinery Arp2/3 to drive lamellipodia formation. Acts as regulator and substrate of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases ABL1 and ABL2 involved in processes linked to cell growth and differentiation. Positively regulates ABL1-mediated phosphorylation of ENAH, which is required for proper polymerization of nucleated actin filaments at the leading edge. Contributes to the regulation of actin assembly at the tips of neuro [...] (513 aa)
LRRTM1Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 1; Exhibits strong synaptogenic activity, restricted to excitatory presynaptic differentiation, acting at both pre- and postsynaptic level; Belongs to the LRRTM family. (522 aa)
FZD1Frizzled-1; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Activated by WNT3A, WNT3, WNT1 and to a lesser extent WNT2, but apparently not by WNT4, WNT5A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7A or WNT7B. Contradictory results showing activation by WNT7B have been described for mouse (By similarity). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been se [...] (647 aa)
LHFPL4LHFPL tetraspan subfamily member 4 protein; Plays a role in the regulation of inhibitory synapse formation and function by being involved in maintening gamma- aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs) clustering and their associated scaffold proteins at inhibitory synaptic sites. Acts in concert with NLGN2 to recruit or stabilize GABAARs. (247 aa)
WNT7AProtein Wnt-7a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway (By similarity). Plays an important role in embryonic development, including dorsal versus ventral patterning during limb development, skeleton development and urogenital tract development. Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation. Required for normal, sexually dimorphic development of the Mullerian ducts, and for normal fertility in both sexes (By similarity). Required for normal [...] (349 aa)
APPGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis- inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits [...] (770 aa)
WNT3AProtein Wnt-3a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family. Required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. Required for normal morphogenesis of the developing neural tube (By similarity). Mediates self-renewal of the stem cells at the bottom on intestinal crypts (in vitro). (352 aa)
GRID2Glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. Promotes synaptogenesis and mediates the D-Serine-dependent long term depression signals and AMPA receptor endocytosis of cerebellar parallel fiber- Purkinje cell (PF-PC) synapses through the beta-NRX1-CBLN1-GRID2 triad complex ; Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRID2 sub [...] (1007 aa)
EPHA4Ephrin type-A receptor 4; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds membrane-bound ephrin family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Highly promiscuous, it has the unique property among Eph receptors to bind and to be physiologically activated by both GPI- anchored ephrin-A and transmembrane ephrin-B ligands including EFNA1 and EFNB3. U [...] (986 aa)
PTPROReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase O; Possesses tyrosine phosphatase activity. Plays a role in regulating the glomerular pressure/filtration rate relationship through an effect on podocyte structure and function (By similarity). Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 3 subfamily. (1216 aa)
SLC7A11Cystine/glutamate transporter; Sodium-independent, high-affinity exchange of anionic amino acids with high specificity for anionic form of cystine and glutamate. Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) (TC 2.A.3.8) family. (501 aa)
GPM6ANeuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-a; Involved in neuronal differentiation, including differentiation and migration of neuronal stem cells. Plays a role in neuronal plasticity and is involved in neurite and filopodia outgrowth, filopodia motility and probably synapse formation. GPM6A-induced filopodia formation involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Src signaling pathways. May be involved in neuronal NGF-dependent Ca(2+) influx. May be involved in regulation of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); enhances internalization and re [...] (278 aa)
NTRK2BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and the peripheral nervous systems through regulation of neuron survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation and plasticity (By similarity). Receptor for BDNF/brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NTF4/neurotrophin-4. Alternatively can also bind NTF3/neurotrophin-3 which is less efficient in activating the receptor but regulates neuron survival through NTRK2. Upon ligand- binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and acti [...] (838 aa)
LRRTM2Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 2; Involved in the development and maintenance of excitatory synapse in the vertebrate nervous system. Regulates surface expression of AMPA receptors and instructs the development of functional glutamate release sites. Acts as a ligand for the presynaptic receptors NRXN1-A and NRXN1-B (By similarity). (516 aa)
CBLN2Cerebellin-2; Acts as a synaptic organizer in specific subsets of neurons in the brain (By similarity). Essential for long-term maintenance but not establishment of excitatory synapses (By similarity). (224 aa)
CDH2Cadherin-2; Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion by dimerization with a CDH2 chain from another cell. Cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. CDH2 may be involved in neuronal recognition mechanism. In hippocampal neurons, may regulate dendritic s [...] (906 aa)
ST8SIA2Alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 8B; May transfer sialic acid through alpha-2,8-linkages to the alpha-2,3-linked and alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins and may be involved in PSA (polysialic acid) expression; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (375 aa)
AMIGO2Amphoterin-induced protein 2; Required for depolarization-dependent survival of cultured cerebellar granule neurons. May mediate homophilic as well as heterophilic cell-cell interaction with AMIGO1 or AMIGO3. May contribute to signal transduction through its intracellular domain. May be required for tumorigenesis of a subset of gastric adenocarcinomas. (522 aa)
CLSTN3Calsyntenin-3; May modulate calcium-mediated postsynaptic signals. Complex formation with APBA2 and APP, stabilizes APP metabolism and enhances APBA2-mediated suppression of beta-APP40 secretion, due to the retardation of intracellular APP maturation. (956 aa)
SLIT1Slit homolog 1 protein; Thought to act as molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, and function appears to be mediated by interaction with roundabout homolog receptors. During neural development involved in axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions (By similarity). SLIT1 and SLIT2 together seem to be essential for midline guidance in the forebrain by acting as repulsive signal preventing inappropriate midline crossing by axons projecting from the olfactory bulb. (1534 aa)
WNT5AProtein Wnt-5a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta- catenin-induced reporter gene expression (By similarity). Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates cell migration. Decre [...] (380 aa)
RAB17Ras-related protein Rab-17; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in transcytosis, the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. Mainly observed in [...] (212 aa)
NGEFEphexin-1; Acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which differentially activates the GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42. Plays a role in axon guidance regulating ephrin-induced growth cone collapse and dendritic spine morphogenesis. Upon activation by ephrin through EPHA4, the GEF activity switches toward RHOA resulting in its activation. Activated RHOA promotes cone retraction at the expense of RAC1- and CDC42-stimulated growth cone extension (By similarity). (710 aa)
NECTIN1Nectin-1; Promotes cell-cell contacts by forming homophilic or heterophilic trans-dimers. Heterophilic interactions have been detected between NECTIN1 and NECTIN3 and between NECTIN1 and NECTIN4. Has some neurite outgrowth-promoting activity; Belongs to the nectin family. (517 aa)
TANC1Protein TANC1; May be a scaffold component in the postsynaptic density. (1861 aa)
EEF2KEukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase; Threonine kinase that regulates protein synthesis by controlling the rate of peptide chain elongation. Upon activation by a variety of upstream kinases including AMPK or TRPM7, phosphorylates the elongation factor EEF2 at a single site, renders it unable to bind ribosomes and thus inactive. In turn, the rate of protein synthesis is reduced. (725 aa)
CUX2Homeobox protein cut-like 2; Transcription factor involved in the control of neuronal proliferation and differentiation in the brain. Regulates dendrite development and branching, dendritic spine formation, and synaptogenesis in cortical layers II-III. Binds to DNA in a sequence- specific manner. (1486 aa)
ITPKAInositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A; Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family. (461 aa)
TLR2Toll-like receptor 2; Cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. May also activate immune cells and promote apoptosis in response to the lipid moiety of lipoproteins. Recognizes mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), soluble tuberculosis factor (STF), phenol-soluble [...] (784 aa)
DAB2IPDisabled homolog 2-interacting protein; Functions as a scaffold protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Involved in several processes such as innate immune response, inflammation and cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell survival, angiogenesis, cell migration and maturation. Plays also a role in cell cycle checkpoint control; reduces G1 phase cyclin levels resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Mediates signal transduction by receptor- mediated inflammatory signals, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon [...] (1132 aa)
ABHD17CAlpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17C; Hydrolyzes fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins. Has depalmitoylating activity towards NRAS and DLG4/PSD95. Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. ABHD17 family. (329 aa)
CAMK1Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK1 signaling cascade and, upon calcium influx, regulates transcription activators activity, cell cycle, hormone production, cell differentiation, actin filament organization and neurite outgrowth. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [MVLIF]-x-R-x(2)-[ST]-x(3)-[MVLIF]. Regulates axonal extension and growth cone motility in hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells. Upon NMDA receptor-mediated Ca(2+) elevation, promotes dendritic growth in h [...] (370 aa)
APOEApolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (317 aa)
ABHD17AAlpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17A; Hydrolyzes fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins. Has depalmitoylating activity towards NRAS. Has depalmitoylating activity towards DLG4/PSD95. May have depalmitoylating activity towards MAP6 (By similarity). (361 aa)
LRFN3Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 3; Cell adhesion molecule that mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons (By similarity). (628 aa)
GHSRGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1; Receptor for ghrelin, coupled to G-alpha-11 proteins. Stimulates growth hormone secretion. Binds also other growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP) (e.g. Met-enkephalin and GHRP-6) as well as non-peptide, low molecular weight secretagogues (e.g. L-692,429, MK- 0677, adenosine). (366 aa)
CRIPTCysteine-rich PDZ-binding protein; Involved in the cytoskeletal anchoring of DLG4 in excitatory synapses. (101 aa)
MAPK14Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK14 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are a [...] (360 aa)
IL10RAInterleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha; Cell surface receptor for the cytokine IL10 that participates in IL10-mediated anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Upon binding to IL10, induces a conformational change in IL10RB, allowing IL10RB to bind IL10 as well. In turn, the heterotetrameric assembly complex, composed of two subunits of IL10RA and IL10RB, activates the kinases JAK1 and TYK2 that are constitutively associated with IL10RA and IL10RB respectively. These kinases then phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues in the intracellul [...] (578 aa)
ABI3ABI gene family member 3; May inhibit tumor metastasis (By similarity). In vitro, reduces cell motility; Belongs to the ABI family. (366 aa)
ASIC2Acid-sensing ion channel 2; Cation channel with high affinity for sodium, which is gated by extracellular protons and inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Also permeable for Li(+) and K(+). Generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. Heteromeric channel assembly seems to modulate. (563 aa)
CBLN1[des-Ser1]-cerebellin; Required for synapse integrity and synaptic plasticity. During cerebellar synapse formation, essential for the matching and maintenance of pre- and post-synaptic elements at parallel fiber- Purkinje cell synapses, the establishment of the proper pattern of climbing fiber-Purkinje cell innervation, and induction of long-term depression at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Plays a role as a synaptic organizer that acts bidirectionally on both pre- and post- synaptic components. On the one hand induces accumulation of synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic part [...] (193 aa)
OXTOxytocin-neurophysin 1; Neurophysin 1 specifically binds oxytocin. (125 aa)
SIX4Homeobox protein SIX4; Transcriptional regulator which can act as both a transcriptional repressor and activator by binding a DNA sequence on these target genes and is involved in processes like cell differentiation, cell migration and cell survival. Transactivates gene expression by binding a 5'-[CAT]A[CT][CT][CTG]GA[GAT]-3' motif present in the Trex site and a 5'-TCA[AG][AG]TTNC-3' motif present in the MEF3 site of the muscle-specific genes enhancer. Acts cooperatively with EYA proteins to transactivate their target genes through interaction and nuclear translocation of EYA protein. [...] (781 aa)
NTN1Netrin-1; Netrins control guidance of CNS commissural axons and peripheral motor axons. Its association with either DCC or some UNC5 receptors will lead to axon attraction or repulsion, respectively. Binding to UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion. Involved in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord. It also serves as a survival factor via its association with its receptors which prevent the initiation of apoptosis. Involved in tumorigenesis by regulating [...] (604 aa)
CTTNBP2Cortactin-binding protein 2; Regulates the dendritic spine distribution of CTTN/cortactin in hippocampal neurons, thus controls dendritic spinogenesis and dendritic spine maintenance. (1663 aa)
SEMA3FSemaphorin-3F; May play a role in cell motility and cell adhesion. (785 aa)
SETD5Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD5; Displays histone methyltransferase activity and monomethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 in vitro. The physiological significance of this activity is unclear. Probable transcriptional regulator that acts via the formation of large multiprotein complexes that modify and/or remodel the chromatin. Acts as a regulator of histone acetylation during gene transcription. (1442 aa)
VSTM5V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 5; Cell adhesion-like membrane protein of the central nervous system (CNS) which modulates both the position and complexity of central neurons by altering their membrane morphology and dynamics. Involved in the formation of neuronal dendrites and protrusions including dendritic filopodia. In synaptogenesis, regulates synapse formation by altering dendritic spine morphology and actin distribution. Promotes formation of unstable neuronal spines such as thin and branched types. Regulates neuronal morphogenesis and migration during cortical [...] (200 aa)
TANC2Protein TANC2; Scaffolding protein in the dendritic spines which acts as immobile postsynaptic posts able to recruit KIF1A-driven dense core vesicles to dendritic spines. (1990 aa)
NFATC4Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4; Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factor that is involved in several processes, including the development and function of the immune, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. Involved in T-cell activation, stimulating the transcription of cytokine genes, including that of IL2 and IL4. Along with NFATC3, involved in embryonic heart development. Involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism required for cardiac morphogenesis and function (By similarity). Transactivates many genes involved in the cardiovascular system, including [...] (964 aa)
RELNReelin; Extracellular matrix serine protease that plays a role in layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Regulates microtubule function in neurons and neuronal migration. Affects migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, where it seems to act as a barrier to neuronal migration. Enzymatic activity is important for the modulation of cell adhesion. Binding to the extracellular domains of lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and LRP8/APOER2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of DAB1 and modulation of TAU phosphorylation (By similarity); Belongs to the reel [...] (3460 aa)
CAPRIN1Caprin-1; May regulate the transport and translation of mRNAs of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity in neurons and cell proliferation and migration in multiple cell types. Binds directly and selectively to MYC and CCND2 RNAs. In neuronal cells, directly binds to several mRNAs associated with RNA granules, including BDNF, CAMK2A, CREB1, MAP2, NTRK2 mRNAs, as well as to GRIN1 and KPNB1 mRNAs, but not to rRNAs. (709 aa)
LRRN3Leucine rich repeat neuronal 3. (708 aa)
TNFTumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T- cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 [...] (233 aa)
PRNPMajor prion protein; Its primary physiological function is unclear. May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be required for neuronal myelin sheath maintenance. May promote myelin homeostasis through acting as an agonist for ADGRG6 receptor. May play a role in iron uptake and iron homeostasis. Soluble oligomers are toxic to cultured neuroblastoma cells and induce apoptosis (in vitro) (By similarity). Association with GPC1 (via its heparan sulfate chains) targets PRNP to lipid rafts. Also provides Cu(2+) or ZN(2+) for the ascorbate-mediated GPC1 deaminase deg [...] (253 aa)
RHOATransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa)
CLSTN2Calsyntenin-2; May modulate calcium-mediated postsynaptic signals. (955 aa)
MDGA1MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein 1; Required for radial migration of cortical neurons in the superficial layer of the neocortex (By similarity). Plays a role in the formation or maintenance of inhibitory synapses. May function by inhibiting the activity of NLGN2. (955 aa)
BHLHB9Protein BHLHb9; May play a role in the control of cellular aging and survival; Belongs to the GPRASP family. (547 aa)
DISC1Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein; Involved in the regulation of multiple aspects of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Required for neural progenitor proliferation in the ventrical/subventrical zone during embryonic brain development and in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Participates in the Wnt- mediated neural progenitor proliferation as a positive regulator by modulating GSK3B activity and CTNNB1 abundance. Plays a role as a modulator of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway controlling the tempo of the process of newborn neurons integration during adult neurogenesis, includ [...] (854 aa)
IL10Interleukin-10; Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro- inflammatory cytokines i [...] (178 aa)
ARHGAP22Rho GTPase-activating protein 22; Rho GTPase-activating protein involved in the signal transduction pathway that regulates endothelial cell capillary tube formation during angiogenesis. Acts as a GTPase activator for the RAC1 by converting it to an inactive GDP-bound state. Inhibits RAC1- dependent lamellipodia formation. May also play a role in transcription regulation via its interaction with VEZF1, by regulating activity of the endothelin-1 (EDN1) promoter (By similarity). (714 aa)
BDNFBrain-derived neurotrophic factor; Important signaling molecule that activates signaling cascades downstream of NTRK2. During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentia [...] (329 aa)
EIF4G1Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1; Component of the protein complex eIF4F, which is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome; Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4G family. (1606 aa)
SEMA4DSemaphorin-4D; Cell surface receptor for PLXNB1 and PLXNB2 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling. Regulates GABAergic synapse development (By similarity). Promotes the development of inhibitory synapses in a PLXNB1-dependent manner (By similarity). Modulates the complexity and arborization of developing neurites in hippocampal neurons by activating PLXNB1 and interaction with PLXNB1 mediates activation of RHOA. Promotes the migration of cerebellar granule cells. Plays a role in the immune system; induces B-cells to aggregate and improves their viability (in vitro). Induce [...] (862 aa)
DHX36ATP-dependent DNA/RNA helicase DHX36; Multifunctional ATP-dependent helicase that unwinds G- quadruplex (G4) structures. Plays a role in many biological processes such as genomic integrity, gene expression regulations and as a sensor to initiate antiviral responses. G4 structures correspond to helical structures containing guanine tetrads (By similarity). Binds with high affinity to and unwinds G4 structures that are formed in nucleic acids (G4-ADN and G4-RNA). Plays a role in genomic integrity. Converts the G4-RNA structure present in telomerase RNA template component (TREC) into a do [...] (1008 aa)
ROBO2Roundabout homolog 2; Receptor for SLIT2, and probably SLIT1, which are thought to act as molecular guidance cue in cellular migration, including axonal navigation at the ventral midline of the neural tube and projection of axons to different regions during neuronal development; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ROBO family. (1394 aa)
DBNLDrebrin-like protein; Adapter protein that binds F-actin and DNM1, and thereby plays a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of cell projections, such as neurites, in neuron morphogenesis and synapse formation via its interaction with WASL and COBL. Does not bind G-actin and promote actin polymerization by itself. Required for the formation of organized podosome rosettes (By similarity). May act as a common effector of antigen receptor-signaling pathways in leukocytes. Acts as a key component of the immunological [...] (439 aa)
CAMKVCaM kinase-like vesicle-associated protein; Does not appear to have detectable kinase activity; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (501 aa)
CDK5Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5; Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SIPA1L1, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, PTK2/FAK1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neu [...] (292 aa)
SLITRK3SLIT and NTRK-like protein 3; Suppresses neurite outgrowth. (977 aa)
NEDD4E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Specifically ubiquitinates 'Lys-63' in target proteins. Involved in the pathway leading to the degradation of VEGFR-2/KDFR, independently of its ubiquitin-ligase activity. Monoubiquitinates IGF1R at multiple sites, thus leading to receptor internalization and degradation in lysosomes. Ubiquitinates FGFR1, leading to receptor internalization and degradation in lysosomes. [...] (1319 aa)
STAU2Double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 2; RNA-binding protein required for the microtubule-dependent transport of neuronal RNA from the cell body to the dendrite. As protein synthesis occurs within the dendrite, the localization of specific mRNAs to dendrites may be a prerequisite for neurite outgrowth and plasticity at sites distant from the cell body (By similarity). (570 aa)
ADGRB1Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1; Phosphatidylserine receptor which enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Also mediates the binding and engulfment of Gram-negative bacteria. Stimulates production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages in response to Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in enhanced microbicidal macrophage activity. In the gastric mucosa, required for recognition and engulfment of apoptotic gastric epithelial cells. Promotes myoblast fusion (By similarity). Activates the Rho pathway in a G-protein-dependent manner. Inhibits MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and de [...] (1584 aa)
NTRK1High affinity nerve growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic and nervous neurons. High affinity receptor for NGF which is its primary ligand. Can also bind and be activated by NTF3/neurotrophin- 3. However, NTF3 only supports axonal extension through NTRK1 but has no effect on neuron survival (By similarity). Upon dimeric NGF ligand- binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation. R [...] (796 aa)
CFL1Cofilin-1; Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. Required for neural tube morphogenesis and neural crest cell migration (By similarity). (166 aa)
LRRC24Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 24; Leucine rich repeat containing 24. (513 aa)
HSPA8Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis a [...] (646 aa)
KIF1AKinesin-like protein KIF1A; Motor for anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors. Also required for neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) transport to the dendritic spines and axons. The interaction calcium- dependent with CALM1 increases vesicle motility and interaction with the scaffolding proteins PPFIA2 and TANC2 recruits DCVs to synaptic sites; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Unc-104 subfamily. (1791 aa)
TUBA1ADetyrosinated tubulin alpha-1A chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (451 aa)
DAG1Alpha-dystroglycan; The dystroglycan complex is involved in a number of processes including laminin and basement membrane assembly, sarcolemmal stability, cell survival, peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, cell migration, and epithelial polarization. Beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Acts as a cell adhesion receptor in both muscle and non- muscle tissues. Receptor for both DMD and UTRN and, through these interactions, scaffolds axin to the cytoskeleton. Also functions in cell ad [...] (895 aa)
MYCBP2E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYCBP2; Atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which specifically mediates ubiquitination of threonine and serine residues on target proteins, instead of ubiquitinating lysine residues. Shows esterification activity towards both threonine and serine, with a preference for threonine, and acts via two essential catalytic cysteine residues that relay ubiquitin to its substrate via thioester intermediates. Interacts with the E2 enzymes UBE2D1, UBE2D3, UBE2E1 and UBE2L3. Plays a key role in neural development, probably by mediating ubiquitination of threonine resid [...] (4678 aa)
LRTM2Leucine rich repeats and transmembrane domains 2. (370 aa)
PPFIA2Liprin-alpha-2; Alters PTPRF cellular localization and induces PTPRF clustering. May regulate the disassembly of focal adhesions. May localize receptor-like tyrosine phosphatases type 2A at specific sites on the plasma membrane, possibly regulating their interaction with the extracellular environment and their association with substrates. In neuronal cells, is a scaffolding protein in the dendritic spines which acts as immobile postsynaptic post able to recruit KIF1A-driven dense core vesicles to dendritic spines. Belongs to the liprin family. Liprin-alpha subfamily. (1257 aa)
SIPA1L1Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 1; Stimulates the GTPase activity of RAP2A. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and recruits DLG4 to F-actin. Contributes to the regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis (By similarity). (1804 aa)
CLN3Battenin; Involved in microtubule-dependent, anterograde transport of late endosomes and lysosomes. (438 aa)
CDH8Cadherin-8; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (799 aa)
PTPRSReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S; Cell surface receptor that binds to glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Binding to chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans has opposite effects on PTPRS oligomerization and regulation of neurite outgrowth. Contributes to the inhibition of neurite and axonal outgrowth by chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, also after nerve transection. Plays a role in stimulating neurite outgrowth in response to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC2. Required for normal brain developm [...] (1948 aa)
GRIN2BGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. [...] (1484 aa)
PDLIM5PDZ and LIM domain 5. (625 aa)
CYFIP1Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1; Component of the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex which binds to the mRNA cap and mediates translational repression. In the CYFIP1-EIF4E- FMR1 complex this subunit is an adapter between EIF4E and FMR1. Promotes the translation repression activity of FMR1 in brain probably by mediating its association with EIF4E and mRNA (By similarity). Regulates formation of membrane ruffles and lamellipodia. Plays a role in axon outgrowth. Binds to F-actin but not to RNA. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with th [...] (1253 aa)
SRCIN1SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1; Acts as a negative regulator of SRC by activating CSK which inhibits SRC activity and downstream signaling, leading to impaired cell spreading and migration. Regulates dendritic spine morphology. Involved in calcium-dependent exocytosis. May play a role in neurotransmitter release or synapse maintenance. (1183 aa)
FARP1FERM, ARHGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1; Functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAC1. May play a role in semaphorin signaling. Plays a role in the assembly and disassembly of dendritic filopodia, the formation of dendritic spines, regulation of dendrite length and ultimately the formation of synapses (By similarity). (1076 aa)
SHANK3SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3; Major scaffold postsynaptic density protein which interacts with multiple proteins and complexes to orchestrate the dendritic spine and synapse formation, maturation and maintenance. Interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and HOMER, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction through the interaction with Arp2/3 and WAVE1 complex [...] (1724 aa)
SIX1Homeobox protein SIX1; Transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and embryonic development. Plays an important role in the development of several organs, including kidney, muscle and inner ear. Depending on context, functions as transcriptional repressor or activator. Lacks an activation domain, and requires interaction with EYA family members for transcription activation. Mediates nuclear translocation of EYA1 and EYA2. Binds the 5'-TCA[AG][AG]TTNC-3' motif present in the MEF3 element in the MYOG promoter. Regulates the expression of nume [...] (284 aa)
SLITRK6SLIT and NTRK-like protein 6; Regulator of neurite outgrowth required for normal hearing and vision; Belongs to the SLITRK family. (841 aa)
UBE3AUbiquitin-protein ligase E3A; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and transfers it to its substrates. Several substrates have been identified including the ARNTL/BMAL1, ARC, RAD23A and RAD23B, MCM7 (which is involved in DNA replication), annexin A1, the PML tumor suppressor, and the cell cycle regulator CDKN1B. Additionally, may function as a cellular quality control ubiquitin ligase by helping the degradation of the cytoplasmic misfolded proteins. Finally, UBE3A also promotes its own degradation in vivo [...] (875 aa)
LRRC4BLeucine-rich repeat-containing protein 4B; Synaptic adhesion protein. Regulates the formation of excitatory synapses. The trans-synaptic adhesion between LRRC4B and PTPRF regulates the formation of excitatory synapses in a bidirectional manner (By similarity). (713 aa)
SNCAAlpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa)
CAMK2BCalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that functions autonomously after Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding and autophosphorylation, and is involved in dendritic spine and synapse formation, neuronal plasticity and regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) transport in skeletal muscle. In neurons, plays an essential structural role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during plasticity by binding and bundling actin filaments in a kinase-independent manner. This structural function is required for correct targeti [...] (666 aa)
DBN1Drebrin; Actin cytoskeleton-organizing protein that plays a role in the formation of cell projections. Required for actin polymerization at immunological synapses (IS) and for the recruitment of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to IS. Plays a role in dendritic spine morphogenesis and organization, including the localization of the dopamine receptor DRD1 to the dendritic spines (By similarity). Involved in memory-related synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (By similarity). (695 aa)
NTNG2Netrin-G2; Involved in controlling patterning and neuronal circuit formation at the laminar, cellular, subcellular and synaptic levels. Promotes neurite outgrowth of both axons and dendrites. (530 aa)
KLK8Kallikrein-8; Serine protease which is capable of degrading a number of proteins such as casein, fibrinogen, kininogen, fibronectin and collagen type IV. Also cleaves L1CAM in response to increased neural activity. Induces neurite outgrowth and fasciculation of cultured hippocampal neurons. Plays a role in the formation and maturation of orphan and small synaptic boutons in the Schaffer-collateral pathway, regulates Schaffer-collateral long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and is required for memory acquisition and synaptic plasticity. Involved in skin desquamation and keratinocyte [...] (305 aa)
LILRB2Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2; Receptor for class I MHC antigens. Recognizes a broad spectrum of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-G and HLA-F alleles. Involved in the down-regulation of the immune response and the development of tolerance. Recognizes HLA-G in complex with B2M/beta-2 microglobulin and a nonamer self-peptide (peptide-bound HLA-G-B2M) triggering differentiation of type 1 regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both of which actively maintain maternal-fetal tolerance. Competes with CD8A for binding to class I MHC antigens. Inhibits FC [...] (598 aa)
COLQAcetylcholinesterase collagenic tail peptide; Anchors the catalytic subunits of asymmetric AChE to the synaptic basal lamina; Belongs to the COLQ family. (455 aa)
PTPRDReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta; Can bidirectionally induce pre- and post-synaptic differentiation of neurons by mediating interaction with IL1RAP and IL1RAPL1 trans-synaptically. Involved in pre-synaptic differentiation through interaction with SLITRK2; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 2A subfamily. (1912 aa)
FRMPD4FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 4; Positive regulator of dendritic spine morphogenesis and density. Required for the maintenance of excitatory synaptic transmission. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. (1322 aa)
CDKL5Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5; Mediates phosphorylation of MECP2. May regulate ciliogenesis. (1030 aa)
ARHGAP44Rho GTPase-activating protein 44; GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that stimulates the GTPase activity of Rho-type GTPases. Thereby, controls Rho-type GTPases cycling between their active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. Acts as a GAP at least for CDC42 and RAC1. In neurons, is involved in dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity in a specific RAC1-GAP activity (By similarity). Limits the initiation of exploratory dendritic filopodia. Recruited to actin- patches that seed filopodia, binds specifically to plasma membrane sections that are deformed inward by acto-myosin m [...] (818 aa)
NEDD9Enhancer of filamentation 1 p55; Docking protein which plays a central coordinating role for tyrosine-kinase-based signaling related to cell adhesion. May function in transmitting growth control signals between focal adhesions at the cell periphery and the mitotic spindle in response to adhesion or growth factor signals initiating cell proliferation. May play an important role in integrin beta-1 or B cell antigen receptor (BCR) mediated signaling in B- and T-cells. Integrin beta-1 stimulation leads to recruitment of various proteins including CRK, NCK and SHPTP2 to the tyrosine phospho [...] (834 aa)
AGRNAgrin C-terminal 110 kDa subunit; [Isoform 1]: heparan sulfate basal lamina glycoprotein that plays a central role in the formation and the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and directs key events in postsynaptic differentiation. Component of the AGRN-LRP4 receptor complex that induces the phosphorylation and activation of MUSK. The activation of MUSK in myotubes induces the formation of NMJ by regulating different processes including the transcription of specific genes and the clustering of AChR in the postsynaptic membrane. Calcium ions are required for maximal AChR clu [...] (2045 aa)
NRCAMNeuronal cell adhesion molecule; Cell adhesion protein that is required for normal responses to cell-cell contacts in brain and in the peripheral nervous system. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth in response to contactin binding. Plays a role in mediating cell-cell contacts between Schwann cells and axons. Plays a role in the formation and maintenance of the nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons. Nodes of Ranvier contain clustered sodium channels that are crucial for the saltatory propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons. During development, nodes of Ranvier are formed by [...] (1304 aa)
IL1RAPL1Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1; May regulate secretion and presynaptic differentiation through inhibition of the activity of N-type voltage-gated calcium channel. May activate the MAP kinase JNK. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth (By similarity). During dendritic spine formation can bidirectionally induce pre- and post-synaptic differentiation of neurons by trans-synaptically binding to PTPRD (By similarity). ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P59824, ; Belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. (696 aa)
LRP4Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4; Mediates SOST-dependent inhibition of bone formation. Functions as a specific facilitator of SOST-mediated inhibition of Wnt signaling. Plays a key role in the formation and the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse between motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Directly binds AGRIN and recruits it to the MUSK signaling complex. Mediates the AGRIN-induced phosphorylation of MUSK, the kinase of the complex. The activation of MUSK in myotubes induces the formation of NMJ by regulating different processes including the [...] (1905 aa)
ACTR2Actin-related protein 2; ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. The Arp2/3 complex promote [...] (399 aa)
PCDH8Protocadherin-8; Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein (By similarity). May play a role in activity-induced synaptic reorganization underlying long term memory (By similarity). Could be involved in CDH2 internalization through TAOK2/p38 MAPK pathway. In hippocampal neurons, may play a role in the down-regulation of dendritic spines, maybe through its action on CDH2 endocytosis (By similarity). (1070 aa)
CLSTN1Soluble Alc-alpha; Induces KLC1 association with vesicles and functions as a cargo in axonal anterograde transport. Complex formation with APBA2 and APP, stabilizes APP metabolism and enhances APBA2-mediated suppression of beta-APP40 secretion, due to the retardation of intracellular APP maturation. In complex with APBA2 and C99, a C-terminal APP fragment, abolishes C99 interaction with PSEN1 and thus APP C99 cleavage by gamma-secretase, most probably through stabilization of the direct interaction between APBA2 and APP. The intracellular fragment AlcICD suppresses APBB1-dependent tran [...] (981 aa)
SLITRK1SLIT and NTRK-like protein 1; It is involved in synaptogenesis and promotes excitatory synapse differentiation. Enhances neuronal dendrite outgrowth. (696 aa)
SLITRK5SLIT and NTRK-like protein 5; Suppresses neurite outgrowth; Belongs to the SLITRK family. (958 aa)
GPC6Secreted glypican-6; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Putative cell surface coreceptor for growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and anti-proteases (By similarity). Enhances migration and invasion of cancer cells through WNT5A signaling. Belongs to the glypican family. (555 aa)
ABHD17BAlpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17B; Hydrolyzes fatty acids from S-acylated cysteine residues in proteins. Has depalmitoylating activity towards DLG4/PSD95. Has depalmitoylating activity towards GAP43 (By similarity). Has depalmitoylating activity towards MAP6 (By similarity). Has depalmitoylating activity towards NRAS ; Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. ABHD17 family. (293 aa)
SYNDIG1Synapse differentiation-inducing gene protein 1; May regulate AMPA receptor content at nascent synapses, and have a role in postsynaptic development and maturation; Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family. (258 aa)
GRIPAP1GRIP1-associated protein 1; Regulates the endosomal recycling back to the neuronal plasma membrane, possibly by connecting early and late recycling endosomal domains and promoting segregation of recycling endosomes from early endosomal membranes. Involved in the localization of recycling endosomes to dendritic spines, thereby playing a role in the maintenance of dendritic spine morphology. Required for the activity- induced AMPA receptor recycling to dendrite membranes and for long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity (By similarity). (841 aa)
MUSKMuscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine-protein kinase; Receptor tyrosine kinase which plays a central role in the formation and the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse between the motor neuron and the skeletal muscle. Recruitment of AGRIN by LRP4 to the MUSK signaling complex induces phosphorylation and activation of MUSK, the kinase of the complex. The activation of MUSK in myotubes regulates the formation of NMJs through the regulation of different processes including the specific expression of genes in subsynaptic nuclei, the reorganization of the actin cytoskel [...] (869 aa)
DGKBDiacylglycerol kinase beta; Exhibits high phosphorylation activity for long-chain diacylglycerols. (804 aa)
NRXN1Neurexin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may effect [...] (1547 aa)
CTNNA2Catenin alpha-2; May function as a linker between cadherin adhesion receptors and the cytoskeleton to regulate cell-cell adhesion and differentiation in the nervous system (By similarity). Required for proper regulation of cortical neuronal migration and neurite growth. It acts as negative regulator of Arp2/3 complex activity and Arp2/3- mediated actin polymerization. It thereby suppresses excessive actin branching which would impair neurite growth and stability. Regulates morphological plasticity of synapses and cerebellar and hippocampal lamination during development. Functions in th [...] (953 aa)
EPHB2Ephrin type-B receptor 2; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously transmembrane ephrin-B family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Functions in axon guidance during development. Involved in the guidance of commissural axons, that form a major interhemispheric connection between the 2 temporal lobes of the cerebral corte [...] (1055 aa)
EPHB1Ephrin type-B receptor 1; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously transmembrane ephrin-B family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Cognate/functional ephrin ligands for this receptor include EFNB1, EFNB2 and EFNB3. During nervous system development, regulates retinal axon guidance redirecting ipsilaterally ventrotempora [...] (984 aa)
INSInsulin A chain; Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (110 aa)
PAFAH1B1Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit alpha; Required for proper activation of Rho GTPases and actin polymerization at the leading edge of locomoting cerebellar neurons and postmigratory hippocampal neurons in response to calcium influx triggered via NMDA receptors. Non-catalytic subunit of an acetylhydrolase complex which inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF) by removing the acetyl group at the SN-2 position (By similarity). Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule slidi [...] (410 aa)
YWHAZ14-3-3 protein zeta/delta; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Induces ARHGEF7 activity on RAC1 as well as lamellipodia and membrane ruffle formation. In neurons, regulates spine maturation through the modulation of ARHGEF7 activity (By similarity). Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (245 aa)
DKK1Dickkopf-related protein 1; Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease. Inhibits the pro-apoptotic function of KREMEN1 in a Wnt-independent manner [...] (266 aa)
ZDHHC15Palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC15; Catalyzes palmitoylation of Cys residues on target proteins. Catalyzes palmitoylation of GAP43 and DLG4/PSD95. (337 aa)
TREM2Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; Forms a receptor signaling complex with TYROBP which mediates signaling and cell activation following ligand binding. Acts as a receptor for amyloid-beta protein 42, a cleavage product of the amyloid-beta precursor protein APP, and mediates its uptake and degradation by microglia. Binding to amyloid-beta 42 mediates microglial activation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis and expression of pro- inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6R and CCL3, and the anti- inflammatory cytokine ARG1 (By similarity). Acts as a receptor for lipoprotein pa [...] (230 aa)
SRPX2Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX2; Acts as a ligand for the urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell migration and the formation of vascular network (cords). Involved in cellular migration and adhesion. Increases the phosphorylation levels of FAK. Interacts with and increases the mitogenic activity of HGF. Promotes synapse formation. May have a role in the perisylvian region, critical for language and cognitive development. (465 aa)
IL1RAPL2Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein like 2; Belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. (686 aa)
CDC20Cell division cycle protein 20 homolog; Required for full ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and may confer substrate specificity upon the complex. Is regulated by MAD2L1: in metaphase the MAD2L1-CDC20-APC/C ternary complex is inactive and in anaphase the CDC20-APC/C binary complex is active in degrading substrates. The CDC20-APC/C complex positively regulates the formation of synaptic vesicle clustering at active zone to the presynaptic membrane in postmitotic neurons. CDC20-APC/C-induced degradation of NEUROD2 induces presynaptic differentia [...] (499 aa)
DLG5Disks large homolog 5; Acts as a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Negatively regulates the Hippo signaling pathway by mediating the interaction of MARK3 with STK3/4, bringing them together to promote MARK3-dependent hyperphosphorylation and inactivation of STK3 kinase activity toward LATS1. Positively regulates the Hippo signaling pathway by mediating the interaction of SCRIB with STK4/MST1 and LATS1 which is important for the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Involved in regulating cell proliferation, maintenance of epithelial polarity, epithelial-mesenchymal transit [...] (1919 aa)
ABL1Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion, receptor endocytosis, autophagy, DNA damage response and apoptosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like WASF3 (involved in branch formation); ANXA1 (involved in membrane anchoring); DBN1, DBNL, CTTN, RAPH1 and ENAH (involved in signaling); or MAPT and PXN (microtubule-bindin [...] (1149 aa)
PTENPhosphatase and tensin homolog; Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 > PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor [...] (403 aa)
ADNPActivity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox protein; Potential transcription factor. May mediate some of the neuroprotective peptide VIP-associated effects involving normal growth and cancer proliferation. (1102 aa)
GPC4Secreted glypican-4; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. May be involved in the development of kidney tubules and of the central nervous system (By similarity). (556 aa)
ADGRB3Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B3; Receptor that plays a role in the regulation of synaptogenesis and dendritic spine formation at least partly via interaction with ELMO1 and RAC1 activity (By similarity). Promotes myoblast fusion through ELMO/DOCK1. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (ADGR) subfamily. (1522 aa)
AMIGO1Amphoterin-induced protein 1; Promotes growth and fasciculation of neurites from cultured hippocampal neurons. May be involved in fasciculation as well as myelination of developing neural axons. May have a role in regeneration as well as neural plasticity in the adult nervous system. May mediate homophilic as well as heterophilic cell-cell interaction and contribute to signal transduction through its intracellular domain. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamil [...] (493 aa)
NEURL1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEURL1; Plays a role in hippocampal-dependent synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Involved in the formation of spines and functional synaptic contacts by modulating the translational activity of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein CPEB3. Promotes ubiquitination of CPEB3, and hence induces CPEB3-dependent mRNA translation activation of glutamate receptor GRIA1 and GRIA2. Can function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase to activate monoubiquitination of JAG1 (in vitro), thereby regulating the Notch pathway. Acts as a tumor suppressor; i [...] (574 aa)
TPBGTrophoblast glycoprotein; May function as an inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by indirectly interacting with LRP6 and blocking Wnt3a-dependent LRP6 internalization. (420 aa)
EPHA7Ephrin type-A receptor 7; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously GPI- anchored ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Among GPI-anchored ephrin-A ligands, EFNA5 is a cognate/functional ligand for EPHA7 and their interaction regulates brain development modulating cell-cell adhesion and repulsion. Has a repel [...] (998 aa)
LINGO4Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 4; Leucine rich repeat and Ig domain containing 4. (593 aa)
CHRNB2Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions. (502 aa)
EFNA1Ephrin-A1, secreted form; Cell surface GPI-bound ligand for Eph receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are crucial for migration, repulsion and adhesion during neuronal, vascular and epithelial development. Binds promiscuously Eph receptors residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. Plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor neovascularization. The recruitment of VAV2, VAV3 and PI3-kinase p85 subunit by phosphorylated EPHA2 is critical for EFNA1-induced RAC1 GTPase activation and vascular endothelial c [...] (205 aa)
SEMA4ASemaphorin-4A; Cell surface receptor for PLXNB1, PLXNB2, PLXNB3 and PLXND1 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling (By similarity). Regulates glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse development (By similarity). Promotes the development of inhibitory synapses in a PLXNB1-dependent manner and promotes the development of excitatory synapses in a PLXNB2-dependent manner (By similarity). Plays a role in priming antigen-specific T-cells, promotes differentiation of Th1 T- helper cells, and thereby contributes to adaptive immunity (By similarity). Promotes phosphorylation of TIMD2 (By [...] (761 aa)
IGSF9Protein turtle homolog A; Functions in dendrite outgrowth and synapse maturation. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Turtle family. (1179 aa)
THBS2Thrombospondin-2; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties. (1172 aa)
EGLN1Egl nine homolog 1; Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific proline found in each of the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domains (N-terminal, NODD, and C-terminal, CODD) of HIF1A. Also hydroxylates HIF2A. Has a preference for the CODD site for both HIF1A and HIF1B. Hydroxylated HIFs are then targeted for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Under hypoxic conditions, the hydroxylation reaction is [...] (426 aa)
LRRTM3Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 3; Exhibits a limited synaptogenic activity in vitro, restricted to excitatory presynaptic differentiation (By similarity). May play a role in the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system; Belongs to the LRRTM family. (581 aa)
ARHGEF15Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 15; Specific GEF for RhoA activation. Does not activate RAC1 or CDC42. Regulates vascular smooth muscle contractility. Negatively regulates excitatory synapse development by suppressing the synapse- promoting activity of EPHB2. (841 aa)
DRD2D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (443 aa)
DCTN1Dynactin subunit 1; Plays a key role in dynein-mediated retrograde transport of vesicles and organelles along microtubules by recruiting and tethering dynein to microtubules. Binds to both dynein and microtubules providing a link between specific cargos, microtubules and dynein. Essential for targeting dynein to microtubule plus ends, recruiting dynein to membranous cargos and enhancing dynein processivity (the ability to move along a microtubule for a long distance without falling off the track). Can also act as a brake to slow the dynein motor during motility along the microtubule. C [...] (1278 aa)
NTRK3NT-3 growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in nervous system and probably heart development. Upon binding of its ligand NTF3/neurotrophin-3, NTRK3 autophosphorylates and activates different signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and the MAPK pathways, that control cell survival and differentiation. (839 aa)
PAK3Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3; Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, or cell cycle regulation. Plays a role in dendrite spine morphogenesis as well as synapse formation and plasticity. Acts as downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstrea [...] (580 aa)
NRP2Neuropilin-2; High affinity receptor for semaphorins 3C, 3F, VEGF-165 and VEGF-145 isoforms of VEGF, and the PLGF-2 isoform of PGF. (931 aa)
LZTS3Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3; May be involved in promoting the maturation of dendritic spines, probably via regulating SIPA1L1 levels at the postsynaptic density of synapses; Belongs to the LZTS3 family. (627 aa)
VCPTransitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for their reassembly after mitosis. Involved in the formation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Vesicle budding from the tER is an ATP-dependent process. The ternary complex containing UFD1, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is neces [...] (806 aa)
NLGN3Neuroligin-3; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and may mediate its effects by clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. May also play a role in glia-glia or glia-neuron interactions in the developing peripheral nervous system (By similarity); Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (848 aa)
FCGR2BLow affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b; Receptor for the Fc region of complexed or aggregated immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. Involved in a variety of effector and regulatory functions such as phagocytosis of immune complexes and modulation of antibody production by B-cells. Binding to this receptor results in down-modulation of previous state of cell activation triggered via antigen receptors on B-cells (BCR), T-cells (TCR) or via another Fc receptor. Isoform IIB1 fails to mediate endocytosis or phagocytosis. Isoform IIB2 does not trigger phagocytosis. (310 aa)
NEGR1Neuronal growth regulator 1; May be involved in cell-adhesion. May function as a trans- neural growth-promoting factor in regenerative axon sprouting in the mammalian brain (By similarity); Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. IgLON family. (354 aa)
SLITRK4SLIT and NTRK-like protein 4; It is involved in synaptogenesis and promotes synapse differentiation. Suppresses neurite outgrowth (By similarity); Belongs to the SLITRK family. (837 aa)
ARCActivity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein; Master regulator of synaptic plasticity that self-assembles into virion-like capsids that encapsulate RNAs and mediate intercellular RNA transfer in the nervous system. ARC protein is released from neurons in extracellular vesicles that mediate the transfer of ARC mRNA into new target cells, where ARC mRNA can undergo activity-dependent translation. ARC capsids are endocytosed and are able to transfer ARC mRNA into the cytoplasm of neurons. Acts as a key regulator of synaptic plasticity: required for protein synthesis- dependent forms [...] (396 aa)
DNM3Dynamin-3; Microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Most probably involved in vesicular trafficking processes, in particular endocytosis (By similarity); Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (869 aa)
FYNTyrosine-protein kinase Fyn; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many biological processes including regulation of cell growth and survival, cell adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell motility, immune response and axon guidance. Inactive FYN is phosphorylated on its C-terminal tail within the catalytic domain. Following activation by PKA, the protein subsequently associates with PTK2/FAK1, allowing PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation, activation and targeting to focal adhesions. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through [...] (537 aa)
DMPKMyotonin-protein kinase; Non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinase which is necessary for the maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function. May play a role in myocyte differentiation and survival by regulating the integrity of the nuclear envelope and the expression of muscle-specific genes. May also phosphorylate PPP1R12A and inhibit the myosin phosphatase activity to regulate myosin phosphorylation. Also critical to the modulation of cardiac contractility and to the maintenance of proper cardiac conduction activity probably through the regulation of cellular calcium homeo [...] (639 aa)
LRFN2Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 2; Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. Enhances the cell surface expression of 2 NMDA receptor subunits GRIN1 and GRIN2A. May play a role in redistributing DLG4 to the cell periphery (By similarity). (789 aa)
SHANK2SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2; Seems to be an adapter protein in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses that interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. May play a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction. (1261 aa)
DTNBP1Dysbindin; Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. In concert with the AP-3 complex, the BLOC-1 complex is required to target membrane protein cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals. The BLOC-1 complex, in association with SNARE proteins, is also proposed to be involved in neurite extension. Associates with the BLOC-2 complex to facilitate the transport of TYRP1 independent of AP-3 function. Plays a role i [...] (351 aa)
MEF2CMyocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. Plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of excitatory synapses and thus regulating basal and evoked synaptic transmission. Crucial for normal neuronal development, distribution, and electrical activity in the neocortex [...] (483 aa)
ADGRL1Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L1; Calcium-independent receptor of high affinity for alpha- latrotoxin, an excitatory neurotoxin present in black widow spider venom which triggers massive exocytosis from neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Receptor for TENM2 that mediates heterophilic synaptic cell-cell contact and postsynaptic specialization. Receptor probably implicated in the regulation of exocytosis (By similarity). (1474 aa)
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Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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