STRINGSTRING
PRKAA1 PRKAA1 CLDN15 CLDN15 PPP2CA PPP2CA OCLN OCLN RAPGEF6 RAPGEF6 LOC507767 LOC507767 HCLS1 HCLS1 CLDN3 CLDN3 TUBA1A TUBA1A IGSF5 IGSF5 MYH14 MYH14 CLDN10 CLDN10 JUN JUN RAP2C RAP2C G3X6E4_BOVIN G3X6E4_BOVIN RHOA RHOA RDX RDX RUNX1 RUNX1 GATA4 GATA4 PRKAB1 PRKAB1 PCNA PCNA CTTN CTTN ACTG1 ACTG1 CLDN16 CLDN16 CD1A CD1A SRC SRC MAP3K5 MAP3K5 PPP2CB PPP2CB LOC512286 LOC512286 CACNA1D CACNA1D MYH9 MYH9 MYL6 MYL6 ARHGEF18 ARHGEF18 RAB8B RAB8B STK11 STK11 SYMPK SYMPK E1BHK4_BOVIN E1BHK4_BOVIN LOC112444630 LOC112444630 CLDN1 CLDN1 NF2 NF2 MSN MSN PRKAG3 PRKAG3 SYNPO SYNPO MAP3K1 MAP3K1 NEDD4 NEDD4 CLDN18 CLDN18 HSPA4 HSPA4 MYL12A MYL12A RAB8A RAB8A EPB41L4B EPB41L4B CCND1 CCND1 CGN CGN RAB13 RAB13 WHAMM WHAMM TIAM1 TIAM1 PPP2R2A PPP2R2A TUBA8 TUBA8 PRKAA2 PRKAA2 AMOTL1 AMOTL1 CLDN11 CLDN11 CLDN7 CLDN7 VASP VASP PPP2R1A PPP2R1A MAPK10 MAPK10 PPP2R1B PPP2R1B PRKCE PRKCE ERBB2 ERBB2 PATJ PATJ CLDN5 CLDN5 LOC781726 LOC781726 MARVELD3 MARVELD3 PARD6A PARD6A SLC9A3R1 SLC9A3R1 ACTB ACTB MYL12B MYL12B CLDN4 CLDN4 ACTR3B ACTR3B TUBA1C TUBA1C CD1E CD1E TJP1 TJP1 CLDN14 CLDN14 LLGL1 LLGL1 MYL6B MYL6B PPP2R2C PPP2R2C CLDN8 CLDN8 PRKACB PRKACB LOC100295712 LOC100295712 CFTR CFTR CLDN23 CLDN23 CLDN25 CLDN25 MARVELD2 MARVELD2 G3X8A6_BOVIN G3X8A6_BOVIN ITGB1 ITGB1 CLDN17 CLDN17 CD1B5 CD1B5 MPDZ MPDZ PRKCI PRKCI ROCK1 ROCK1 CLDN20 CLDN20 CLDN6 CLDN6 CLDN9 CLDN9 CLDN34 CLDN34 PRKAG1 PRKAG1 TUBA1D TUBA1D F11R F11R TJP3 TJP3 RAPGEF2 RAPGEF2 PRKAG2 PRKAG2 LOC100141266 LOC100141266 CLDN2 CLDN2 AFDN AFDN BVES BVES EZR EZR ROCK2 ROCK2 CRB3 CRB3 DLG2 DLG2 CDC42 CDC42 PARD6B PARD6B LOC515418 LOC515418 ACTR3 ACTR3 ARHGAP17 ARHGAP17 AMOTL2 AMOTL2 SCRIB SCRIB MPP5 MPP5 RAP1A RAP1A ACTR2 ACTR2 MICALL2 MICALL2 LOC112443216 LOC112443216 AMOT AMOT PRKACA PRKACA MYL9 MYL9 LOC782966 LOC782966 LOC782529 LOC782529 CGNL1 CGNL1 TJAP1 TJAP1 TUBA4A TUBA4A MYH10 MYH10 CD1B CD1B MYH11 MYH11 CLDN19 CLDN19 NEDD4L NEDD4L DLG1 DLG1 MAGI1 MAGI1 PARD3 PARD3 CD1D CD1D PARD6G PARD6G WAS WAS ARHGEF2 ARHGEF2 ACTN4 ACTN4 CDK4 CDK4 PPP2R2B PPP2R2B PRKAB2 PRKAB2 ACTN1 ACTN1 JAM2 JAM2 LLGL2 LLGL2
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
PRKAA1Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase. (559 aa)
CLDN15Claudin-15; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members function as impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN15 forms tight junctions that mediate the paracellular transport of small monovalent cations along a concentration gradient, due to selective permeability for Na(+), Li(+) and K(+) ions, but selects a [...] (235 aa)
PPP2CASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform; PP2A is the major phosphatase for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). PP2A can modulate the activity of phosphorylase B kinase casein kinase 2, mitogen-stimulated S6 kinase, and MAP-2 kinase. Cooperates with SGO2 to protect centromeric cohesin from separase- mediated cleavage in oocytes specifically during meiosis I. Activates RAF1 by dephosphorylating it at 'Ser-259' (By similarity). Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily. (309 aa)
OCLNOccludin; May play a role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier. Belongs to the ELL/occludin family. (522 aa)
RAPGEF6Uncharacterized protein. (1617 aa)
LOC507767Ig-like domain-containing protein. (332 aa)
HCLS1Hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1. (485 aa)
CLDN3Claudin-3; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (219 aa)
TUBA1ADetyrosinated tubulin alpha-1B chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (451 aa)
IGSF5Immunoglobulin superfamily member 5. (370 aa)
MYH14Myosin heavy chain 14; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (2032 aa)
CLDN10Claudin-10; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. Involved in the regulation of paracellular epithelia permeability to ions in multiple organs. It acts as a paracellular ion channel probably forming permselective pores; isoform 1 appears to create pores preferentially permeable to cations and isoform 2 for anions. In sweat glands and in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop in kidney, it controls paracellular sodium permeability which is essential for proper sweat production an [...] (231 aa)
JUNTranscription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28. Binds to the USP28 promoter; Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (303 aa)
RAP2CRas-related protein Rap-2c; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between a GDP-bound inactive and a GTP-bound active form. May play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements and regulate cell spreading through activation of the effector TNIK. May play a role in SRE-mediated gene transcription (By similarity). (183 aa)
G3X6E4_BOVINCSD_1 domain-containing protein. (373 aa)
RHOATransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa)
RDXRadixin; Probably plays a crucial role in the binding of the barbed end of actin filaments to the plasma membrane. (583 aa)
RUNX1Runt-related transcription factor; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with CBFB. RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'- TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'-TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. (480 aa)
GATA4GATA binding protein 4. (442 aa)
PRKAB15'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1; Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a reg [...] (270 aa)
PCNAProliferating cell nuclear antigen; Auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Induces a robust stimulatory effect on the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3'- phosphodiesterase, but not apurinic-apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, APEX2 activities. Has to be loaded onto DNA in order to be able to stimulate APEX2. Plays a key role in DNA damage response (DDR) by being conveniently positioned at the replication fork to coordinate DNA replication with DNA rep [...] (261 aa)
CTTNCortactin. (538 aa)
ACTG1Actin, cytoplasmic 2, N-terminally processed; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells; Belongs to the actin family. (375 aa)
CLDN16Claudin-16; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. Involved in paracellular magnesium reabsorption. Required for a selective paracellular conductance. May form, alone or in partnership with other constituents, an intercellular pore permitting paracellular passage of magnesium and calcium ions down their electrochemical gradients. Alternatively, it could be a sensor of magnesium concentration that could alter paracellular permeability mediated by other factors (By similarity); Belongs to [...] (254 aa)
CD1AIg-like domain-containing protein. (346 aa)
SRCTyrosine-protein kinase. (688 aa)
MAP3K5Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5. (1366 aa)
PPP2CBSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform; PP2A can modulate the activity of phosphorylase B kinase casein kinase 2, mitogen-stimulated S6 kinase, and MAP-2 kinase. (309 aa)
LOC512286Ig-like domain-containing protein. (418 aa)
CACNA1DVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death; Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. (2183 aa)
MYH9Myosin heavy chain 9; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1965 aa)
MYL6Myosin light polypeptide 6; Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. (151 aa)
ARHGEF18Uncharacterized protein. (1345 aa)
RAB8BRas-related protein Rab-8B; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab may be involved in polarized vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter release. May participate in cell junction dynamics in Sertoli cells (By similarity). (207 aa)
STK11Serine/threonine kinase 11; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. (435 aa)
SYMPKSymplekin. (1271 aa)
E1BHK4_BOVINClaudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa)
LOC112444630Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa)
CLDN1Claudin-1; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. [...] (211 aa)
NF2Neurofibromin 2. (596 aa)
MSNMoesin; Ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family protein that connects the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane and thereby regulates the structure and function of specific domains of the cell cortex. Tethers actin filaments by oscillating between a resting and an activated state providing transient interactions between moesin and the actin cytoskeleton. Once phosphorylated on its C-terminal threonine, moesin is activated leading to interaction with F-actin and cytoskeletal rearrangement. These rearrangements regulate many cellular processes, including cell shape determination, membrane [...] (577 aa)
PRKAG35'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a [...] (497 aa)
SYNPOSynaptopodin. (1128 aa)
MAP3K1Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1. (1507 aa)
NEDD4NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. (1321 aa)
CLDN18Claudin-18; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (261 aa)
HSPA4Heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4. (840 aa)
MYL12AMyosin regulatory light polypeptide 9; Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion. (172 aa)
RAB8ARas-related protein Rab-8A; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in polarized vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter release. Together with RAB11A, RAB3IP, the exocyst complex, PARD3, PRKCI, ANXA2, CDC42 and DNMBP promotes t [...] (207 aa)
EPB41L4BErythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 4B. (887 aa)
CCND1G1/S-specific cyclin-D1; Regulatory component of the cyclin D1-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. A [...] (428 aa)
CGNCingulin. (1194 aa)
RAB13Ras-related protein Rab-13; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in endocytic recycling and regulates the transport to the plasma membrane of transmembrane proteins like the tight junction protein OCLN/occludin. Thereby, it regu [...] (203 aa)
WHAMMWASP homolog associated with actin, golgi membranes and microtubules. (274 aa)
TIAM1DH domain-containing protein. (624 aa)
PPP2R2ASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B; Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. (457 aa)
TUBA8Tubulin alpha-8 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain (By similarity). Belongs to the tubulin family. (449 aa)
PRKAA2Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase. (552 aa)
AMOTL1Angiomotin-like protein 1; Inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, probably by recruiting CTNNB1 to recycling endosomes and hence preventing its translocation to the nucleus. (987 aa)
CLDN11Claudin-11; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (208 aa)
CLDN7Claudin-7; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space; Belongs to the claudin family. (211 aa)
VASPVasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein; Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end [...] (383 aa)
PPP2R1ASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform; The PR65 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A serves as a scaffolding molecule to coordinate the assembly of the catalytic subunit and a variable regulatory B subunit. Upon interaction with GNA12 promotes dephosphorylation of microtubule associated protein TAU/MAPT. Required for proper chromosome segregation and for centromeric localization of SGO1 in mitosis. (589 aa)
MAPK10Mitogen-activated protein kinase. (426 aa)
PPP2R1BProtein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Abeta. (658 aa)
PRKCEProtein kinase C; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily. (684 aa)
ERBB2Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase. (1255 aa)
PATJPATJ crumbs cell polarity complex component. (1907 aa)
CLDN5Claudin-5; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space. (218 aa)
LOC781726Ig-like domain-containing protein. (328 aa)
MARVELD3MARVEL domain containing 3. (383 aa)
PARD6APar-6 family cell polarity regulator alpha. (344 aa)
SLC9A3R1Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1; Scaffold protein that connects plasma membrane proteins with members of the ezrin/moesin/radixin family and thereby helps to link them to the actin cytoskeleton and to regulate their surface expression. Necessary for recycling of internalized ADRB2. Was first known to play a role in the regulation of the activity and subcellular location of SLC9A3. Necessary for cAMP-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of SLC9A3. Involved in sperm capacitation. May participate in the regulation of the chloride and bicarbonate homeostasis in spermatoz [...] (368 aa)
ACTBActin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed; Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells. Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction. In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA. (375 aa)
MYL12BMyosin regulatory light chain 12B; Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Phosphorylation triggers actin polymerization in vascular smooth muscle. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion. (171 aa)
CLDN4Claudin-4; Channel-forming tight junction protein that mediates paracellular chloride transport in the kidney. Plays a critical role in the paracellular reabsorption of filtered chloride in the kidney collecting ducts. Claudins play a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (209 aa)
ACTR3BUncharacterized protein; Belongs to the actin family. (418 aa)
TUBA1CDetyrosinated tubulin alpha-1C chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain (By similarity). (449 aa)
CD1ECD1e molecule. (392 aa)
TJP1Tight junction protein 1; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (1429 aa)
CLDN14Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (326 aa)
LLGL1Lethal(2) giant larvae protein homolog 1; Cortical cytoskeleton protein found in a complex involved in maintaining cell polarity and epithelial integrity. Involved in the regulation of mitotic spindle orientation, proliferation, differentiation and tissue organization of neuroepithelial cells. Involved in axonogenesis through RAB10 activation thereby regulating vesicular membrane trafficking toward the axonal plasma membrane (By similarity); Belongs to the WD repeat L(2)GL family. (1153 aa)
MYL6BMyosin, light chain 6B, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle. (211 aa)
PPP2R2CSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B; Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family. (447 aa)
CLDN8Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (225 aa)
PRKACBcAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta; Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these [...] (397 aa)
LOC100295712Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain (By similarity). (458 aa)
CFTRCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Epithelial ion channel that plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion and water transport and fluid homeostasis. Mediates the transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane (By similarity). Channel activity is coupled to ATP hydrolysis. The ion channel is also permeable to HCO(3-); selectivity depends on the extracellular chloride concentration. Exerts its function also by modulating the activity of other ion channels and transporters. Contributes to the regulation of the pH and the ion content of the epithelia [...] (1481 aa)
CLDN23Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (293 aa)
CLDN25Claudin 25. (230 aa)
MARVELD2MARVEL domain containing 2. (559 aa)
G3X8A6_BOVINUncharacterized protein. (308 aa)
ITGB1Integrin beta-1; Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G- E-R in collagen. Integrins alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-3/beta-1, alpha- 4/beta-1, alpha-5/beta-1, alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1, alpha- 11/beta-1 and alpha-V/beta-1 are receptors for fibronectin. Alpha- 4/beta-1 recognizes one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. Integrin alpha-5/beta-1 is a receptor for fibrinogen. Integrin [...] (802 aa)
CLDN17Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (225 aa)
CD1B5Ig-like domain-containing protein. (333 aa)
MPDZMultiple PDZ domain crumbs cell polarity complex component. (2070 aa)
PRKCIProtein kinase C; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily. (596 aa)
ROCK1Rho-associated protein kinase 1; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of DAPK3, GFAP, LIMK1, LIMK2, MYL9/MLC2, TPPP, PFN1 and PPP1R12A. Phosphorylates FHOD1 and acts synergistically with it to promote SRC-dependent non-apoptotic plasma membrane blebbing. Phosphorylates JIP3 and regulates the recruitment of JNK to JIP3 upon UVB-induced stress (By simi [...] (1356 aa)
CLDN20Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (237 aa)
CLDN6Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (221 aa)
CLDN9Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (186 aa)
CLDN34Claudin 34. (216 aa)
PRKAG15'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a [...] (349 aa)
TUBA1DDetyrosinated tubulin alpha-1D chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain (By similarity). (452 aa)
F11RJunctional adhesion molecule A; Seems to play a role in epithelial tight junction formation. Appears early in primordial forms of cell junctions and recruits PARD3. The association of the PARD6-PARD3 complex may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly. Plays a role in regulating monocyte transmigration involved in integrity of epithelial barrier. Ligand for integrin alpha-L/beta-2 involved in memory T-cell and neutrophil transmigration. Involved in platelet activation; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. (319 aa)
TJP3Tight junction protein 3; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (922 aa)
RAPGEF2Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2; Functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates Rap and Ras family of small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP in a cAMP-dependent manner. Serves as a link between cell surface receptors and Rap/Ras GTPases in intracellular signaling cascades. Acts also as an effector for Rap1 by direct association with Rap1-GTP thereby leading to the amplification of Rap1-mediated signaling. Shows weak activity on HRAS. It is controversial whether RAPGEF2 binds cAMP and cGMP or not. Its binding to ligand-activated beta-1 adre [...] (1648 aa)
PRKAG2Protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2. (565 aa)
LOC100141266Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (449 aa)
CLDN2Claudin-2; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (327 aa)
AFDNAfadin, adherens junction formation factor. (1790 aa)
BVESBlood vessel epicardial substance. (360 aa)
EZREzrin; Probably involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. In epithelial cells, required for the formation of microvilli and membrane ruffles on the apical pole. Along with PLEKHG6, required for normal macropinocytosis (By similarity). (670 aa)
ROCK2Rho-associated protein kinase 2; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1- p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6K [...] (1440 aa)
CRB3Uncharacterized protein. (124 aa)
DLG2Discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 2. (905 aa)
CDC42Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration. In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections (By similarity). Require [...] (191 aa)
PARD6BPar-6 family cell polarity regulator beta. (375 aa)
LOC515418Ig-like domain-containing protein. (347 aa)
ACTR3Actin-related protein 3; ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. The Arp2/3 complex promote [...] (483 aa)
ARHGAP17Rho GTPase activating protein 17. (871 aa)
AMOTL2Angiomotin-like protein 2; Regulates the translocation of phosphorylated SRC to peripheral cell-matrix adhesion sites. Required for proper architecture of actin filaments. Inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, probably by recruiting CTNNB1 to recycling endosomes and hence preventing its translocation to the nucleus. Participates in angiogenesis. May play a role in the polarity, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Selectively promotes FGF-induced MAPK activation through SRC (By similarity); Belongs to the angiomotin family. (766 aa)
SCRIBScribble planar cell polarity protein. (1603 aa)
MPP5Membrane palmitoylated protein 5; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (675 aa)
RAP1ARas-related protein Rap-1A; Induces morphological reversion of a cell line transformed by a Ras oncogene. Counteracts the mitogenic function of Ras, at least partly because it can interact with Ras GAPs and RAF in a competitive manner. Together with ITGB1BP1, regulates KRIT1 localization to microtubules and membranes. Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)- induced neurite outgrowth. Plays a role in the regulation of embryonic blood vessel formation. Involved in the establishment of basal endothelial barrier function. May be involved in the regulation of the vascular endothelial gro [...] (184 aa)
ACTR2Actin-related protein 2; ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility. Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. The Arp2/3 complex promote [...] (406 aa)
MICALL2MICAL like 2. (884 aa)
LOC112443216Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (449 aa)
AMOTAngiomotin. (1079 aa)
PRKACAcAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose- mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the [...] (351 aa)
MYL9Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9. (172 aa)
LOC782966Tubulin alpha chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (451 aa)
LOC782529IGc1 domain-containing protein. (334 aa)
CGNL1Cingulin like 1. (1293 aa)
TJAP1Tight junction associated protein 1. (558 aa)
TUBA4ATubulin alpha-4A chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. (448 aa)
MYH10Myosin-10; Cellular myosin that appears to play a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions such as secretion and capping. Involved with LARP6 in the stabilization of type I collagen mRNAs for CO1A1 and CO1A2. During cell spreading, plays an important role in cytoskeleton reorganization, focal contacts formation (in the central part but not the margins of spreading cells), and lamellipodial extension; this function is mechanically antagonized by MYH9 (By similarity). (1976 aa)
CD1BCD1b3. (333 aa)
MYH11Myosin heavy chain 11; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1972 aa)
CLDN19Claudin; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (224 aa)
NEDD4LNEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. (1255 aa)
DLG1Discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 1; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (906 aa)
MAGI1Membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1. (1403 aa)
PARD3Par-3 family cell polarity regulator. (1371 aa)
CD1DIg-like domain-containing protein. (415 aa)
PARD6GPar-6 family cell polarity regulator gamma. (380 aa)
WASWASP actin nucleation promoting factor. (505 aa)
ARHGEF2Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2. (1081 aa)
ACTN4Alpha-actinin-4; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein. Probably involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation. Involved in tight junction assembly in epithelial cells probably through interaction with MICALL2. Links MICALL2 to the actin cytoskeleton and recruits it to the tight junctions. May also function as a transcriptional coactivator, stimulating transcri [...] (1032 aa)
CDK4Cyclin-dependent kinase 4; Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complexes and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. [...] (303 aa)
PPP2R2BSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform; The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. (509 aa)
PRKAB2Protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 2. (272 aa)
ACTN1Alpha-actinin-1; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein (By similarity). (914 aa)
JAM2Junctional adhesion molecule 2. (298 aa)
LLGL2LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 2. (1036 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Bos taurus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9913
Other names: B. taurus, Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus, Bovidae sp. Adi Nefas, bovine, cattle, cow, dairy cow, domestic cattle, domestic cow
Server load: low (20%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.