Transcription termination/antitermination L factor; Participates in both transcription termination and antitermination. Involved in a variety of cellular and viral termination and antitermination processes, such as Rho-dependent transcriptional termination, intrinsic termination, and phage lambda N- mediated transcriptional antitermination. Also important for coordinating the cellular responses to DNA damage by coupling the processes of nucleotide excision repair and translesion synthesis to transcription.

RNA polymerase, alpha subunit; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. This subunit plays an important role in subunit assembly since its dimerization is the first step in the sequential assembly of subunits to form the holoenzyme.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S4; One of two assembly initiator proteins for the 30S subunit, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit. Plays a role in mRNA unwinding by the ribosome, possibly by forming part of a processivity clamp. Also functions as a rho-dependent antiterminator of rRNA transcription, increasing the synthesis of rRNA under conditions of excess protein, allowing a more rapid return to homeostasis. Binds directly to RNA polymerase; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S5; With S4 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy. Many suppressors of streptomycin-dependent mutants of protein S12 are found in this protein, some but not all of which decrease translational accuracy (ram, ribosomal ambiguity mutations). The physical location of this protein suggests it may also play a role in mRNA unwinding by the ribosome, possibly by forming part of a processivity clamp.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L6; This protein binds directly to at least 2 domains of the 23S ribosomal RNA, thus is important in its secondary structure. It is located near the subunit interface in the base of the L7/L12 stalk, and near the tRNA binding site of the peptidyltransferase center.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S3; Binds the lower part of the 30S subunit head. Binds mRNA in the 70S ribosome, positioning it for translation (By similarity). Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.

50S ribosomal subunit protein L2; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins. Located near the base of the L1 stalk, it is probably also mobile. Required for association of the 30S and 50S subunits to form the 70S ribosome, for tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. It has been suggested to have peptidyltransferase activity; this is highly controversial. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S10; Involved in the binding of tRNA to the ribosomes. In addition, in complex with NusB, is involved in the regulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) biosynthesis by transcriptional antitermination. S10 binds RNA non-specifically and increases the affinity of NusB for the boxA RNA sequence. S10 may constitute the critical antitermination component of the NusB-S10 complex. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.

30S ribosomal subunit protein S7; One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the 30S subunit. Is located at the subunit interface close to the decoding center, where it has been shown to contact mRNA. Has been shown to contact tRNA in both the P and E sites; it probably blocks exit of the E site tRNA.