1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase, Zn-dependent; Involved in cell wall peptidoglycan recycling. Specifically cleaves the amide bond between the lactyl group of N-acetylmuramic acid and the alpha-amino group of the L-alanine in degradation products containing an anhydro N-acetylmuramyl moiety. Is also involved in beta-lactamase induction ; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family.

Muropeptide transporter; Permease involved in cell wall peptidoglycan recycling. Transports, from the periplasm into the cytoplasm, the disaccharide N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1,4-anhydro- N-acetylmuramic acid (GlcNAc-anhMurNAc) and GlcNAc-anhMurNAc-peptides. Transport is dependent on the proton motive force. AmpG is also involved in beta-lactamase induction ; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.

Transpeptidase involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis; Essential cell division protein that catalyzes cross-linking of the peptidoglycan cell wall at the division septum. Required for localization of FtsN. Belongs to the transpeptidase family. FtsI subfamily.

Penicillin-binding protein 2, transpeptidase involved in peptidoglycan synthesis; Catalyzes cross-linking of the peptidoglycan cell wall. Responsible for the determination of the rod shape of the cell. Is probably required for lateral peptidoglycan synthesis and maintenance of the correct diameter during lateral and centripetal growth. Belongs to the transpeptidase family. MrdA subfamily.

D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase; Not involved in transpeptidation but exclusively catalyzes a DD-carboxypeptidase and DD-endopeptidase reaction. Belongs to the peptidase S13 family.

DNA gyrase (type II topoisomerase), subunit A; A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. This makes better substrates for topoisomerase IV (ParC and ParE) which is the main enzyme that unlinks newly replicated chromosomes in E.coli. Gyrase catalyzes the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes. Relaxes negatively supercoiled DNA in an ATP-independent manner. E.coli gyrase has higher supercoiling activity than many other bac [...]

Penicillin-binding protein 1a, murein transglycosylase and transpeptidase; Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross- linking of the peptide subunits); In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 51 family.

D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5); Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors.

DNA topoisomerase IV, subunit A; Topoisomerase IV is essential for chromosome segregation; it is the principal protein responsible for decatenating newly replicated chromosomes. It relaxes supercoiled DNA. MukB stimulates the relaxation activity of topoisomerase IV and also has a modest effect on decatenation. Belongs to the type II topoisomerase GyrA/ParC subunit family. ParC type 1 subfamily.