STRINGSTRING
STRING protein interaction network
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
some 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
Neighborhood
Gene Fusion
Cooccurence
Coexpression
Experiments
Databases
Textmining
[Homology]
Score
hokBToxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system (Probable). When overexpressed kills cells within minutes; causes collapse of the transmembrane potential and arrest of respiration . Expression leads to membrane depolarization; when protein levels are high enough depolarization probably leads to lowered metabolic activity which in turn induces some cells to enter the persistent state in which they transiently survive antibiotic exposure. Its toxic effect is probably neutralized by antisense antitoxin RNA SokB, which is encoded in trans on the opposite DNA strand (49 aa)    
Predicted Functional Partners:
mokB
Putative regulatory protein mokb; Overlapping regulatory peptide whose translation enables hokB expression
     
 0.922
tisB
Toxic membrane persister formation peptide, lexa-regulated; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system (Probable). Overexpression causes cessation of growth, induces stress-response, a number of membrane protein genes, and leads to cell death Inhibits ATP synthesis, ATP levels drop drastically quickly after induction . Part of the programmed response to DNA damage; damage leads to increased accumulation of the protein which slows or stops bacterial growth, probably allowing DNA repair before cells continue to grow
      
 0.878
ghoT
Toxic component of a type V toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Causes membrane damage when induced by MqsR, slowing cell growth and increasing the formation of dormant persister cells; involved with GhoS, its antitoxin, in reducing cell growth during antibacterial stress . Overexpression causes cell lysis, forming ghost cells; both effects are neutralized by expression of GhoS. Overexpression in the presence of ampicillin increases persister cell formation (persister cells exhibit antibiotic tolerance without genetic change) . Overexpression causes about 90-fold reduction in cellular ATP lev [...]
      
 0.854
dinQ
Uv-inducible membrane toxin, dinq-agrb type i toxin-antitoxin system; Belongs to the DinQ family
      
 0.821
obgE
An abundant, essential GTPase which binds GTP, GDP and ppGpp with moderate affinity. Has high guanosine nucleotide exchange rate constants for GTP and GDP, and a relatively low GTP hydrolysis rate stimulated by the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is estimated there are 34000 molecules in log-phase cells and 5600 molecules in stationary- phase cells. Required for chromosome segregation. Plays a role in the stringent response, perhaps by sequestering 50S ribosomal subunits and decreasing protein synthesis , and a non-essential role in the late steps of ribosome biogenesis, perhaps acting as a [...]
      
 0.789
shoB
Small toxic protein shob; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. May be a toxic protein; overexpression causes cessation of growth and rapid membrane depolarization. Overexpression induces stress-response and a number of membrane protein genes
      
 0.731
hokE
Toxic polypeptide, small; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system; if it expressed it could be neutralized by antisense antitoxin RNA SokE
      
 0.676
ralR
Rac prophage; endodeoxyribonuclease toxin ralr; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Upon overexpression inhibits growth and reduces colony-forming units in both the presence and absence of the Rac prophage, cells become filamentous. Has deoxyribonuclease activity (probably endonucleolytic), does not digest RNA. Its toxic effects are neutralized by sRNA antitoxin RalA, which is encoded in trans on the opposite DNA strand . Has RAL-like activity
      
 0.641
hipA
Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, first identified by mutations that increase production of persister cells, a fraction of cells that are phenotypic variants not killed by antibiotics, which lead to multidrug tolerance Persistence may be ultimately due to global remodeling of the persister cell's ribosomes . Phosphorylates Glu-tRNA-ligase (AC P04805, gltX, on 'Ser-239') in vivo . Phosphorylation of GltX prevents it from being charged, leading to an increase in uncharged tRNA(Glu). This induces amino acid starvation and the stringent response via RelA/SpoT and in [...]
      
 0.626
hokD
Qin prophage; toxic protein hokd; Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system (Probable). When overexpressed kills cells within 2 minutes; causes collapse of the transmembrane potential and arrest of respiration
      
 0.609
Your Current Organism:
Escherichia coli K12 MG1655
NCBI taxonomy Id: 511145
Other names: E. coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. K12 substr. MG1655, Escherichia coli str. MG1655, Escherichia coli strain MG1655
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