Homeobox protein homothorax; All isoforms are required for patterning of the embryonic cuticle. Acts with exd to delimit the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development. Isoforms that carry the homeodomain are required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system and antennal identity; required to activate antennal-specific genes, such as sal and to repress the leg-like expression of dac. Necessary for the nuclear localization of the essential HOX cofactor, extradenticle (exd). Both necessary and sufficient for inner photoreceptors to adopt [...]

Protein decapentaplegic; Required during oogenesis for eggshell patterning and dorsal/ventral patterning of the embryo. Acts as a morphogen during embryogenesis to pattern the dorsal/ventral axis, specifying dorsal ectoderm and amnioserosa cell fate within the dorsal half of the embryo; this activity is antagonized by binding to sog and tsg. Induces the formation of visceral mesoderm and the heart in early embryos. Required later in embryogenesis for dorsal closure and patterning of the hindgut. Also functions postembryonically as a long-range morphogen during imaginal disk development [...]

Protein wingless; Binds as a ligand to a family of frizzled seven-transmembrane receptors and acts through a cascade of genes on the nucleus. Segment polarity protein. May be a growth factor. Acts on neighboring cells to regulate at least one gene, the homeobox segmentation gene engrailed. Wg signal represses arm phosphorylation. Wg signaling operates by inactivating the sgg repression of engrailed autoactivation. Wg and Wnt2 have a role in the developing trachea and together are responsible for all dorsal trunk formation. Wg also acts in the developing epidermis. Acts as a morphogen, [...]

Protein serrate; Acts as a ligand for Notch (N) receptor. Essential for proper ectodermal development. Serrate represents an element in a network of interacting molecules operating at the cell surface during the differentiation of certain tissues.

Processed neurogenic locus Notch protein; Essential signaling protein which has a major role in many developmental processes. Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation, and releasing from the cell membrane, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) forms a transcriptional activator complex with Su(H) (Suppressor of hairless) and activates genes of the E(spl) complex. Regulates oogenesis, the differentiation of the ectoderm and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system, eye, wing disk, [...]

Zinc finger protein sens; Transcription factor both necessary and sufficient for proper development of most cell types of the embryonic and adult peripheral nervous system (PNS). Essential component of the proneural Notch signaling pathway required for proper sensory organ precursor (SOP) differentiation. Correct expression requires expression of scalloped (sd). Repression of rough (ro) in R8 photoreceptor is an essential mechanism of R8 cell fate determination.

Spalt-related, isoform A; Spalt-related (salr) encodes a zinc finger transcriptional repressor that, together with the product of salm, mediates most dpp functions during development of the central part of the wing. It is repressed by the product of Ubx during haltere development.

Optix (Optix) encodes a homeobox containing DNA binding protein and a member of the SIX class of proteins. It functions as a repressor via interaction with the transcriptional co-repressor encoded by gro. It is involved in eye formation and morphogenetic furrow movement.

Achaete-scute complex protein T5; Achaete (ac) encodes a BHLH transcription factor that interacts antagonistically with the Notch signaling pathway to promote neural precursor formation. Its major role is in nervous system development.