Rv1788, (MTV049.10), len: 99 aa. PE18, Member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE family of gly-, ala-rich proteins (see citation below), similar to Z93777|MTCI364.07 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cosmid (99 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 414, E(): 3.6e-20, (72.4% identity in 98 aa overlap).

PE family protein PE25; The PE25/PPE41 dimer induces both a strong humoral and cellular immune response. PE25 protein alone induces low response. The dimer induces necrosis, but not apoptosis, in mouse macrophage cells. It also induces activation and maturation of mouse dendritic cells and drives Th2-biased immune responses.

Conserved protein; Specific chaperone for cognate PE/PPE proteins. Plays an important role in preventing aggregation of PE/PPE dimers. Belongs to the EspG family.

PPE family protein PPE26; Probably plays a key role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses through human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Interacts with TLR2, leading to the subsequent activation of the mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa-B) signaling pathways. Stimulates macrophage activation by augmenting pro- inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12p40) and the expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, MHC class I and II). Also participates in adaptive immunity by directing Th1-polarised immune responses.

Rv1792, (MTV049.14), len: 98 aa. EsxM, ESAT-6 like protein (see Gey Van Pittius et al., 2001), member of Mycobacterium tuberculosis QILSS family of proteins with Rv1038c, Rv1197, Rv3620c and Rv2347c. Has in-frame stop codon at 18074, no error could be found to account for this. Identical (apart from stop codon) to P96363|Rv1038c|MTCY10G2.11 putative ESAT-6 like protein 2 (98 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 389, E(): 5.8e-26, (100.0% identity in 58 aa overlap). Similar protein present in Mycobacterium leprae e.g. Q49946|MLCB1701.06C|AL049191 putative ESAT-6 like protein X (95 aa), FASTA scores: [...]

6 kDa early secretory antigenic target EsxA (ESAT-6); A secreted protein that plays a number of roles in modulating the host's immune response to infection as well as being responsible for bacterial escape into the host cytoplasm. Acts as a strong host (human) T-cell antigen. Inhibits IL- 12 p40 (IL12B) and TNF-alpha expression by infected host (mouse) macrophages, reduces the nitric oxide response by about 75%. In mice previously exposed to the bacterium, elicits high level of IFN-gamma production by T-cells upon subsequent challenge by M.tuberculosis, in the first phase of a protecti [...]

Probable ferredoxin; Rv1786, (MTV049.08), len: 67 aa. Probable ferredoxin, similar to others e.g. X63601|FERS_STRGR ferredoxin from Streptomyces griseus (65 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 140, E(): 0.001, (38.1% identity in 63 aa overlap); T50943 probable ferredoxin DitA from Pseudomonas abietaniphila (78 aa); BAA84714.1|AB017795 ferredoxin from Nocardioides sp. (69 aa); etc. Also similar to Rv0763c|MTCY369.08 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (68 aa),FASTA score: (30.6% identity in 62 aa overlap); and Rv0763c.

PE-PGRS family protein PE_PGRS33; Induces TNF-alpha release through human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling pathway, leading to macrophage apoptosis. The signaling pathway involves TLR2-dependent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (ASK1), which activates the p38 and JNK MAPKs, leading to enhanced expression of TNF-alpha and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRI) genes. Signals are amplified through classical caspase 8-dependent mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, leading to the activation of caspases 9 and 3. Mediates Ca(2+)- [...]