Dystrophin; Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F- actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission.

Dystrobrevin alpha; May be involved in the formation and stability of synapses as well as being involved in the clustering of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Dystrobrevin beta.

Gamma-2-syntrophin; Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (By similarity); Belongs to the syntrophin family.

Beta-1-syntrophin; Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the dystrophin glycoprotein complex; Belongs to the syntrophin family.

Alpha-1-syntrophin; Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix via the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. Plays an important role in synapse formation and in the organization of UTRN and acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular synapse. Binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (By similarity).

Alpha-dystroglycan; The dystroglycan complex is involved in a number of processes including laminin and basement membrane assembly, sarcolemmal stability, cell survival, peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, cell migration, and epithelial polarization. Beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Acts as a cell adhesion receptor in both muscle and non- muscle tissues. Receptor for both DMD and UTRN and, through these interactions, scaffolds axin to the cytoskeleton. Also functions in cell ad [...]

Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA1D sub-subfamily.

Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Appears to link the dystrophin/utrophin network with microtubule filaments via the syntrophins. Phosphorylation of DMD or UTRN may modulate their affinities for associated proteins. Functions in a multi-protein complex in spermatid maturation. Regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 synthesis in macrophages by forming a complex with TRAF6, resulting in the inhibition of TRAF6 NF-kappa-B activation (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.