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Ulk2 Ulk2 Bcl2l13 Bcl2l13 Gabarap Gabarap Map1s Map1s Atg10 Atg10 Bnip3l Bnip3l Atg3 Atg3 Snap29 Snap29 Fundc1 Fundc1 Wdr45b Wdr45b Rb1cc1 Rb1cc1 Atg4b Atg4b Map1lc3a Map1lc3a Atg4c Atg4c Gabarapl1 Gabarapl1 Map1lc3b Map1lc3b Gabarapl2 Gabarapl2 Atg2b Atg2b Atg12 Atg12 Epg5 Epg5 Wdr45 Wdr45 Atg5 Atg5 Wipi2 Wipi2 Uvrag Uvrag Atg101 Atg101 Atg2a Atg2a Ambra1 Ambra1 Atg9b Atg9b Wdfy3 Wdfy3 Trim16 Trim16 Ulk3 Ulk3 Rab33b Rab33b Atg4d Atg4d Atg13 Atg13 Tecpr1 Tecpr1 Rubcn Rubcn Calcoco2 Calcoco2 Map1a Map1a Nrbf2 Nrbf2 Wipi1 Wipi1 Nbr1 Nbr1 Sqstm1 Sqstm1 Bnip3 Bnip3 Stx17 Stx17 Fbxo27 Fbxo27 Pgam5 Pgam5 Bcl2 Bcl2 Atg4a Atg4a Atg16l1 Atg16l1 Lrsam1 Lrsam1 Pik3c3 Pik3c3 Atg16l2 Atg16l2 Fkbp8 Fkbp8 Lgals8 Lgals8 Becn1 Becn1 Tecpr2 Tecpr2 Pirt Pirt Keap1 Keap1 Supt20 Supt20 Atg7 Atg7 Pik3r4 Pik3r4 Atg9a Atg9a Atg4a-ps Atg4a-ps Sh3glb1 Sh3glb1 Ulk1 Ulk1 Zfyve1 Zfyve1 Atg14 Atg14
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Ulk2Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy: acts both as a downstream effector and a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK, also acts as a negative regulator of AMPK through phosphorylation of the AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1 [...] (1037 aa)
Bcl2l13Bcl-2-like protein 13; May promote the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. (434 aa)
GabarapGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein; Ubiquitin-like modifier that plays a role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton. Involved in apoptosis. Involved in autophagy. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity); Belongs to the ATG8 family. (117 aa)
Map1sMicrotubule-associated protein 1S; Microtubule-associated protein that mediates aggregation of mitochondria resulting in cell death and genomic destruction (MAGD). Plays a role in anchoring the microtubule organizing center to the centrosomes. Binds to DNA. Plays a role in apoptosis (By similarity). Involved in the formation of microtubule bundles; Belongs to the MAP1 family. (973 aa)
Atg10Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10; E2-like enzyme involved in autophagy. Acts as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. ATG12 conjugation to ATG5 is required for autophagy. Likely serves as an ATG5-recognition molecule. Not involved in ATG12 conjugation to ATG3. Plays a role in adenovirus-mediated cell lysis. (211 aa)
Bnip3lBCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like; Induces apoptosis. Interacts with viral and cellular anti- apoptosis proteins. Can overcome the suppressors BCL-2 and BCL-XL, although high levels of BCL-XL expression will inhibit apoptosis. Inhibits apoptosis induced by BNIP3. Involved in mitochondrial quality control via its interaction with SPATA18/MIEAP: in response to mitochondrial damage, participates in mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) leading to the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria. The physical interaction of SPATA18/MIE [...] (218 aa)
Atg3Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3; E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C- terminal Gly of ATG8-like proteins (GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 or MAP1LC3A). The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of ATG8-like proteins from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of ATG8-like proteins. The formation of the ATG8- phosphatidylethanolamine conju [...] (314 aa)
Snap29Synaptosomal-associated protein 29; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. SNAP29 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane. Plays also a role in ciliogenesis by regulating membrane fusions. (260 aa)
Fundc1FUN14 domain-containing protein 1; Acts as an activator of hypoxia-induced mitophagy, an important mechanism for mitochondrial quality control; Belongs to the FUN14 family. (155 aa)
Wdr45bWD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3; Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) forming on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum upon activation of the upstream ULK1 and PI3 kinases and is recruited at phagophore assembly sites where it regulates the elongation of nascent phagophores downstream of WIPI2. In the cellular response to starvation, may also functi [...] (344 aa)
Rb1cc1RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1; Involved in autophagy. Regulates early events but also late events of autophagosome formation through direct interaction with Atg16L1. Required for the formation of the autophagosome-like double-membrane structure that surrounds the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) during S.typhimurium infection and subsequent xenophagy. Involved in repair of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation, which subsequently improves cell survival by decreasing apoptosis. Inhibits PTK2/FAK1 and PTK2B/PYK2 kinase activity, affecting their downstream signaling pathways (B [...] (1588 aa)
Atg4bCysteine protease ATG4B; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3, GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2 and GABARAP, to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. Has also an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms (By similarity). (393 aa)
Map1lc3aMicrotubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. (121 aa)
Atg4cCysteine protease ATG4C; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3 and GABARAPL2, to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. Has also an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms (By similarity). Is not essential for autophagy development under normal conditions but is required for a proper au [...] (458 aa)
Gabarapl1Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1; Ubiquitin-like modifier that increases cell-surface expression of kappa-type opioid receptor through facilitating anterograde intracellular trafficking of the receptor. Involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity). (117 aa)
Map1lc3bMicrotubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellit [...] (125 aa)
Gabarapl2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1 (By similarity). Involved in autophagy. Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved [...] (117 aa)
Atg2bAutophagy-related protein 2 homolog B; Required for both autophagosome formation and regulation of lipid droplet morphology and dispersion. (2075 aa)
Atg12Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12; Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. (141 aa)
Epg5Ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog; Involved in autophagy. May play a role in a late step of autophagy, such as clearance of autophagosomal cargo. Plays a key role in innate and adaptive immune response triggered by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides from pathogens, and mediated by the nucleotide-sensing receptor TLR9. It is necessary for the translocation of CpG dinucleotides from early endosomes to late endosomes and lysosomes, where TLR9 is located. (2572 aa)
Wdr45WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4; Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Activated by the STK11/AMPK signaling pathway upon starvation, WDR45 is involved in autophagosome assembly downstream of WIPI2, regulating the size of forming autophagosomes. Probably recruited to membranes through its PtdIns3P activity. Belongs to the WD repeat SVP1 family. (360 aa)
Atg5Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with ATG12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3- like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes. Involved in mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, and in subsequent cellular longevity. Plays a critical role in multiple aspects of lymphocyte development and is ess [...] (275 aa)
Wipi2WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2; Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Involved in an early step of the formation of preautophagosomal structures. Binds and is activated by phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) forming on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum upon activation of the upstream ULK1 and PI3 kinases. Once activated, WIPI2 recruits at phagophore assembly sites the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 [...] (445 aa)
UvragUV radiation resistance-associated protein; Versatile protein that is involved in regulation of different cellular pathways implicated in membrane trafficking. Involved in regulation of the COPI-dependent retrograde transport from Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum by associating with the NRZ complex; the function is dependent on its binding to phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). During autophagy acts as regulatory subunit of the alternative PI3K complex II (PI3KC3-C2) that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and is believed to be involved in maturation [...] (698 aa)
Atg101Autophagy-related protein 101; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation. Stabilizes ATG13, protecting it from proteasomal degradation. (218 aa)
Atg2aAutophagy-related protein 2 homolog A; Involved in autophagosome assembly, regulating the size of nascent autophagosomes. Also regulates lipid droplets morphology and distribution within the cell; Belongs to the ATG2 family. (1914 aa)
Ambra1Activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1; Regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system. Involved in autophagy in controlling protein turnover during neuronal development, and in regulating normal cell survival and proliferation. (1300 aa)
Atg9bAutophagy-related protein 9B; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. (922 aa)
Wdfy3WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3; Required for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy). Acts as an adapter protein by linking specific proteins destined for degradation to the core autophagic machinery members, such as the ATG5- ATG12-ATG16L E3-like ligase, SQSTM1 and LC3. Involved in the formation and autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic ubiquitin-containing inclusions (p62 bodies, ALIS/aggresome-like induced structures) (By similarity). Important for normal brain development. Essential for the formation of axonal tracts throughout the brain and spinal cord, including the [...] (3508 aa)
Trim16Tripartite motif-containing protein 16; E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an essential role in the organization of autophagic response and ubiquitination upon lysosomal and phagosomal damages. Plays a role in the stress-induced biogenesis and degradation of protein aggresomes by regulating the p62-KEAP1-NRF2 signaling and particularly by modulating the ubiquitination levels and thus stability of NRF2. Acts as a scaffold protein and facilitates autophagic degradation of protein aggregates by interacting with p62/SQSTM, ATG16L1 and LC3B/MAP1LC3B. In turn, protects the cell against oxidative [...] (556 aa)
Ulk3Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK3; Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a regulator of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling and autophagy. Acts as a negative regulator of SHH signaling in the absence of SHH ligand: interacts with SUFU, thereby inactivating the protein kinase activity and preventing phosphorylation of GLI proteins (GLI1, GLI2 and/or GLI3). Positively regulates SHH signaling in the presence of SHH: dissociates from SUFU, autophosphorylates and mediates phosphorylation of GLI2, activating it and promoting its nuclear translocation. Phosphorylates in vitro GLI2, as we [...] (472 aa)
Rab33bRas-related protein Rab-33B; Protein transport. Acts, in coordination with RAB6A, to regulate intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking (By similarity). It is involved in autophagy, acting as a modulator of autophagosome formation; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (229 aa)
Atg4dCysteine protease ATG4D, mitochondrial; [Cysteine protease ATG4D]: Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Cleaves the C- terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3 and GABARAPL2, to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. Has also an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms. (474 aa)
Atg13Autophagy-related protein 13; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation. (479 aa)
Tecpr1Tectonin beta-propeller repeat-containing protein 1; Tethering factor involved in autophagy. Involved in autophagosome maturation by promoting the autophagosome fusion with lysosomes: acts by associating with both the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate and phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) present at the surface of autophagosomes. Also involved in selective autophagy against bacterial pathogens, by being required for phagophore/preautophagosomal structure biogenesis and maturation (By similarity). (1166 aa)
RubcnRun domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein; Inhibits PIK3C3 activity; under basal conditions negatively regulates PI3K complex II (PI3KC3-C2) function in autophagy. Negatively regulates endosome maturation and degradative endocytic trafficking and impairs autophagosome maturation process. Can sequester UVRAG from association with a class C Vps complex (possibly the HOPS complex) and negatively regulates Rab7 activation (By similarity). (956 aa)
Calcoco2Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2; Xenophagy-specific receptor required for autophagy-mediated intracellular bacteria degradation (By similarity). Acts as an effector protein of galectin-sensed membrane damage that restricts the proliferation of infecting pathogens upon entry into the cytosol by targeting LGALS8-associated bacteria for autophagy (By similarity). Initially orchestrates bacteria targeting to autophagosomes and subsequently ensures pathogen degradation by regulating pathogen- containing autophagosome maturation (By similarity). Bacteria targeting [...] (331 aa)
Map1aMicrotubule-associated protein 1A; Structural protein involved in the filamentous cross-bridging between microtubules and other skeletal elements; Belongs to the MAP1 family. (3014 aa)
Nrbf2Nuclear receptor-binding factor 2; May modulate transcriptional activation by target nuclear receptors. Can act as transcriptional activator (in vitro) (By similarity). Involved in the induction of starvation-induced autophagy. Modulates ATG14-linked lipid kinase activity of PIK3C3 and stabilzes PI3K complex I (PI3KC3-C1) assembly. May play a role in neural progenitor cell survival during differentiation. (287 aa)
Wipi1WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1; Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Plays an important role in starvation- and calcium- mediated autophagy, as well as in mitophagy (By similarity). Functions downstream of the ULK1 and PI3-kinases that produce phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum once activated. Binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), and [...] (446 aa)
Nbr1Next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein; Acts probably as a receptor for selective autophagosomal degradation of ubiquitinated targets. (988 aa)
Sqstm1Sequestosome-1; Autophagy receptor required for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy). Functions as a bridge between polyubiquitinated cargo and autophagosomes. Interacts directly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family. Required both for the formation and autophagic degradation of polyubiquitin- containing bodies, called ALIS (aggresome-like induced structures) and links ALIS to the autophagic machinery. Involved in midbody ring degradation (By similarity). May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor (NGF) and [...] (442 aa)
Bnip3BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3; Apoptosis-inducing protein that can overcome BCL2 suppression. May play a role in repartitioning calcium between the two major intracellular calcium stores in association with BCL2 (By similarity). Involved in mitochondrial quality control via its interaction with SPATA18/MIEAP: in response to mitochondrial damage, participates in mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) leading to the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria. The physical interaction of SPATA18/MIEAP, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX at the mito [...] (187 aa)
Stx17Syntaxin-17; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. STX17 is a SNARE of the autophagosome involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysosome membrane. May also play a role in the early secretory pathway where it may maintain the architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate [...] (301 aa)
Fbxo27F-box only protein 27; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Able to recognize and bind complex-type oligosaccharides. (280 aa)
Pgam5Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PGAM5, mitochondrial; Displays phosphatase activity for serine/threonine residues, and, dephosphorylates and activates MAP3K5 kinase. Has apparently no phosphoglycerate mutase activity. May be regulator of mitochondrial dynamics. Substrate for a KEAP1-dependent ubiquitin ligase complex. Contributes to the repression of NFE2L2-dependent gene expression (By similarity). Acts as a central mediator for programmed necrosis induced by TNF, by reactive oxygen species and by calcium ionophore. (288 aa)
Bcl2Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release. (236 aa)
Atg4aCysteine protease ATG4A; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Cleaves the C-terminal amino acid of ATG8 family proteins to reveal a C-terminal glycine. Exposure of the glycine at the C-terminus is essential for ATG8 proteins conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and insertion to membranes, which is necessary for autophagy. Preferred substrate is GABARAPL2 followed by MAP1LC3A and GABARAP. Has also an activity of delipidating enzyme for the PE-conjugated forms (By similarity). (396 aa)
Atg16l1Autophagy-related protein 16-1; Plays an essential role in autophagy: interacts with ATG12- ATG5 to mediate the conjugation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C), to produce a membrane-bound activated form of LC3 named LC3-II. Thereby, controls the elongation of the nascent autophagosomal membrane. Regulates mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS)-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) production (By similarity). Negatively regulates NOD1- and NOD2-driven inflammatory cytokine response. Instead, promotes with NOD2 an autophagy-dependent antibacterial pa [...] (623 aa)
Lrsam1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LRSAM1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of TSG101 at multiple sites, leading to inactivate the ability of TSG101 to sort endocytic (EGF receptors) and exocytic (viral proteins) cargos (By similarity). Bacterial recognition protein that defends the cytoplasm from invasive pathogens (By similarity). Localizes to several intracellular bacterial pathogens and generates the bacteria-associated ubiquitin signal leading to autophagy-mediated intracellular bacteria degradation (xenophagy) (By similarity). (727 aa)
Pik3c3Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Involved in the transport of lysosomal enzyme precursors to lysosomes. Requ [...] (887 aa)
Atg16l2Autophagy-related protein 16-2; May play a role in autophagy. (623 aa)
Fkbp8Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP8; Constitutively inactive PPiase, which becomes active when bound to calmodulin and calcium. Seems to act as a chaperone for BCL2, targets it to the mitochondria and modulates its phosphorylation state. The BCL2/FKBP8/calmodulin/calcium complex probably interferes with the binding of BCL2 to its targets. The active form of FKBP8 may therefore play a role in the regulation of apoptosis (By similarity). Required for normal embryonic development. (403 aa)
Lgals8Galectin-8; Beta-galactoside-binding lectin that acts as a sensor of membrane damage caused by infection and restricts the proliferation of infecting pathogens by targeting them for autophagy. Detects membrane rupture by binding beta-galactoside ligands located on the lumenal side of the endosome membrane; these ligands becoming exposed to the cytoplasm following rupture. Restricts infection by initiating autophagy via interaction with CALCOCO2/NDP52. Required to restrict infection of bacterial invasion such as S.typhimurium. Also required to restrict infection of Picornaviridae viruse [...] (325 aa)
Becn1Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of different PI3K complex forms that mediate formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K comp [...] (448 aa)
Tecpr2Tectonin beta-propeller repeat-containing 2. (1423 aa)
PirtPhosphoinositide-interacting protein; Regulatory subunit of TRPV1, a molecular sensor of noxious heat and capsaicin. Positively regulates TRPV1 channel activity via phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Binds various phosphoinositide, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), but not phosphatidylinositol (PI). (135 aa)
Keap1Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates the response to oxidative stress by targeting NFE2L2/NRF2 for ubiquitination. KEAP1 acts as a key sensor of oxidative and electrophilic stress: in normal conditions, the BCR(KEAP1) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of NFE2L2/NRF2, a transcription factor regulating expression of many cytoprotective genes. In response to oxidative stress, different electrophile metabolites trigger non-enzymatic covalent modifications of highly reactive cysteine [...] (624 aa)
Supt20Transcription factor SPT20 homolog; Required for MAP kinase p38 (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and/or MAPK14) activation during gastrulation. Required for down-regulation of E-cadherin during gastrulation by regulating E-cadherin protein level downstream from NCK-interacting kinase (NIK) and independently of the regulation of transcription by FGF signaling and Snail. Required for starvation-induced ATG9A trafficking during autophagy. (531 aa)
Atg7Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria [...] (741 aa)
Pik3r4Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (By similarity). (1358 aa)
Atg9aAutophagy-related protein 9A; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Cycles between a juxta-nuclear trans-Golgi network compartment and late endosomes. Nutrient starvation induces accumulation on autophagosomes. Starvation-dependent trafficking requires ULK1, ATG13 and SUPT20H (By similarity). Required for carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced ATG8 family protei [...] (839 aa)
Atg4a-psCysteine protease; Cysteine protease required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy; Belongs to the peptidase C54 family. (396 aa)
Sh3glb1Endophilin-B1; May be required for normal outer mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Required for coatomer-mediated retrograde transport in certain cells. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature. May promote membrane fusion (By similarity). Involved in activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis by promoting BAX/BAK1 activation. Isoform 1 acts proapoptotic in fibroblasts. Involved in caspase- independent apoptosis during nutrition starvation and involved in the regulation of autophagy. Activates lipid kinase activity of PIK3C3 during autophagy probably by associating with [...] (386 aa)
Ulk1Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy: acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, leadi [...] (1057 aa)
Zfyve1Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1. (777 aa)
Atg14Beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator; Required for both basal and inducible autophagy. Determines the localization of the autophagy-specific PI3-kinase complex PI3KC3-C1 (By similarity). Plays a role in autophagosome formation and MAP1LC3/LC3 conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine. Promotes BECN1 translocation from the trans-Golgi network to autophagosomes (By similarity). Enhances PIK3C3 activity in a BECN1-dependent manner. Essential for the autophagy-dependent phosphorylation of BECN1 (By similarity). Stimulates the phosphorylation of BECN1, but suppresses the phosph [...] (492 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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