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| Hars | Histidine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of histidine to the 3'- end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (His-AMP). Plays a role in axon guidance. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (509 aa) | ||||
| Eef1e1 | Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon-1; Positive modulator of ATM response to DNA damage. (174 aa) | ||||
| Gars | Glycine--tRNA ligase; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of glycine to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (Gly-AMP). Also produces diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs. Thereby, may play a special role in Ap4A homeostasis. (729 aa) | ||||
| Farsa | Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase alpha subunit. (508 aa) | ||||
| Wars2 | Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that activate and transfer the amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs during the translation of mitochondrial genes and protein synthesis. (360 aa) | ||||
| Qars | Glutamine--tRNA ligase; Glutamine--tRNA ligase. Plays a critical role in brain development; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (775 aa) | ||||
| Cars | Cysteine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic. (831 aa) | ||||
| Rars | Arginine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Forms part of a macromolecular complex that catalyzes the attachment of specific amino acids to cognate tRNAs during protein synthesis. Modulates the secretion of AIMP1 and may be involved in generation of the inflammatory cytokine EMAP2 from AIMP1. (660 aa) | ||||
| Qrsl1 | Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit A, mitochondrial; Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln). Belongs to the amidase family. GatA subfamily. (525 aa) | ||||
| Fars2 | Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Is responsible for the charging of tRNA(Phe) with phenylalanine in mitochondrial translation. To a lesser extent, also catalyzes direct attachment of m-Tyr (an oxidized version of Phe) to tRNA(Phe), thereby opening the way for delivery of the misacylated tRNA to the ribosome and incorporation of ROS-damaged amino acid into proteins (By similarity); Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (451 aa) | ||||
| Mtrf1 | Peptide chain release factor 1, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial peptide chain release factor that directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain non-cognate termination stop codons AGG and AGA. (446 aa) | ||||
| Tars | Threonine--tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain, at the post- transfer stage; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (722 aa) | ||||
| Aars2 | Alanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (980 aa) | ||||
| Eif1ad | Probable RNA-binding protein EIF1AD; Plays a role into cellular response to oxidative stress. Decreases cell proliferation (By similarity). (170 aa) | ||||
| Dars | Aspartate--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 2 subfamily. (501 aa) | ||||
| Iars2 | Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (1012 aa) | ||||
| Ola1 | Obg-like ATPase 1; Hydrolyzes ATP, and can also hydrolyze GTP with lower efficiency. Has lower affinity for GTP. (396 aa) | ||||
| Aimp1 | Aminoacyl tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1; Non-catalytic component of the multisynthase complex. Stimulates the catalytic activity of cytoplasmic arginyl-tRNA synthase (By similarity). Binds tRNA. Possesses inflammatory cytokine activity. Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling through stabilization of SMURF2 by binding to SMURF2 and inhibiting its SMAD7-mediated degradation. Involved in glucose homeostasis through induction of glucagon secretion at low glucose levels. Promotes dermal fibroblast proliferation and wound repair. Regulates KDELR1-mediated reten [...] (319 aa) | ||||
| Tars2 | Threonine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (723 aa) | ||||
| Rars2 | Probable arginine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (578 aa) | ||||
| Lrrc47 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 47. (581 aa) | ||||
| Aimp2 | Aminoacyl tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2; Required for assembly and stability of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase complex. Mediates ubiquitination and degradation of FUBP1, a transcriptional activator of MYC, leading to MYC down-regulation which is required for aveolar type II cell differentiation. Blocks MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53/TP53. Functions as a proapoptotic factor. (320 aa) | ||||
| Tarsl2 | Threonine--tRNA ligase 2, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain, at the post- transfer stage. (790 aa) | ||||
| Ears2 | Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). (523 aa) | ||||
| Aars | Alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain. (968 aa) | ||||
| Hemk1 | MTRF1L release factor glutamine methyltransferase; N5-glutamine methyltransferase responsible for the methylation of the glutamine residue in the universally conserved GGQ motif of the mitochondrial translation release factor MTRF1L. (340 aa) | ||||
| Lars2 | Probable leucine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (902 aa) | ||||
| Dars2 | Aspartate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial. (653 aa) | ||||
| Nars2 | Probable asparagine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (477 aa) | ||||
| Cars2 | Probable cysteine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial. (552 aa) | ||||
| Vars2 | Valine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (1060 aa) | ||||
| Mars2 | Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (586 aa) | ||||
| Yars2 | Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two- step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr). Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (472 aa) | ||||
| N6amt1 | Methyltransferase N6AMT1; Methyltransferase that can methylate both proteins and DNA, and to a lower extent, arsenic. Catalytic subunit of a heterodimer with TRMT112, which catalyzes N5- methylation of Glu residue of proteins with a Gly-Gln-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Arg motif. Methylates ETF1 on 'Gln-185'; ETF1 needs to be complexed to ERF3 in its GTP-bound form to be efficiently methylated. Also acts as a N(6)-adenine- specific DNA methyltransferase by mediating methylation of DNA on the 6th position of adenine (N(6)-methyladenosine) (By similarity). N(6)- methyladenosine (m6A) DNA is significantly [...] (214 aa) | ||||
| Ptrh1 | Probable peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. (204 aa) | ||||
| 2810006K23Rik | Probable peptide chain release factor C12orf65 homolog, mitochondrial; May act as a codon-independent translation release factor that has lost all stop codon specificity and directs the termination of translation in mitochondrion. May help rescuing stalled mitoribosomes during translation (By similarity). (184 aa) | ||||
| Lars | Leucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a two step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. Exhibits a post-transfer editing activity to hydrolyze mischarged tRNAs; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (1178 aa) | ||||
| Sars | Serine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser) in a two-step reaction: serine is first activated by ATP to form Ser-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ser). Is probably also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L- seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl- tRNA(Sec). In the nucleus, binds to the VEGFA core promoter and prevents MYC binding and transcriptional activation by MYC. Recruits SIRT2 to the VEGFA promoter, promoting deacetylation of histone H4 at 'Lys-16' (H4K16 [...] (536 aa) | ||||
| Yars | Tyrosine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic, N-terminally processed; Catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to tRNA(Tyr) in a two- step reaction: tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form Tyr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Tyr); Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (564 aa) | ||||
| Pars2 | Probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (511 aa) | ||||
| Gatc | Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit C, mitochondrial; Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln). Belongs to the GatC family. (155 aa) | ||||
| Hars2 | Histidine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of histidine to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA, via the formation of an aminoacyl-adenylate intermediate (His-AMP). (505 aa) | ||||
| Gatb | Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial; Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln). Belongs to the GatB/GatE family. GatB subfamily. (557 aa) | ||||
| Wars | Tryptophan--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; T1-TrpRS has aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression (By similarity). (481 aa) | ||||
| Kars | Lysine--tRNA ligase; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. When secreted, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response through the activation of monocyte/macrophages. Catalyzes the synthesis of the signaling molecule diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and thereby mediates disruption of the complex between HINT1 and MITF and the concomitant activation of MITF transcriptional activity; Belongs to the class-I [...] (624 aa) | ||||
| Farsb | Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase beta subunit. (589 aa) | ||||
| Mars | Methionine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. Plays a role in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (910 aa) | ||||
| Iars | Isoleucine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (1262 aa) | ||||
| Mettl4 | N(6)-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase METTL4; N(6)-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase that mediates methylation of DNA on the 6th position of adenine (N(6)- methyladenosine) and is required to regulate Polycomb silencing. N(6)-methyladenosine deposition by METTL4 triggers ubiquitination and degradation of sensor proteins ASXL1 and MPND, leading to inactivation of the PR-DUB complex and subsequent preservation of Polycomb silencing. (471 aa) | ||||
| Nars | Asparagine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of asparagine to tRNA(Asn) in a two- step reaction: asparagine is first activated by ATP to form Asn-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asn). In addition to its essential role in protein synthesis, acts as a signaling molecule that induces immune response in a CCR3-dependent manner. (559 aa) | ||||