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Rpa1 Rpa1 Top3a Top3a Rad51c Rad51c Rpa3 Rpa3 Rad51d Rad51d Rad50 Rad50 Hus1 Hus1 Recql5 Recql5 Xrcc3 Xrcc3 Rad1 Rad1 Top3b Top3b Rad9a Rad9a Rad51 Rad51 Nbn Nbn Xrcc2 Xrcc2 Wrn Wrn Mre11a Mre11a Topbp1 Topbp1 Rad9b Rad9b Exo1 Exo1 Rmi2 Rmi2 Brip1 Brip1 Atrip Atrip Clspn Clspn Pif1 Pif1 Rtel1 Rtel1 Rad54b Rad54b Fbh1 Fbh1 Rad51b Rad51b Rpa2 Rpa2 Rad54l Rad54l Hus1b Hus1b Rhno1 Rhno1 Dna2 Dna2 Fen1 Fen1 Rad52 Rad52 Blm Blm Tdrd3 Tdrd3 Chek1 Chek1 Atr Atr Rmi1 Rmi1
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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experimentally determined
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Rpa1Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit; As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through recruit [...] (644 aa)
Top3aDNA topoisomerase 3-alpha; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)- enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand thus removing DNA supercoils [...] (1003 aa)
Rad51cDNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3; Essential for the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. Part of the RAD21 paralog protein complexes BCDX2 and CX3 which act at different stages of the BRCA1- BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 seems to act downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment; CX3 seems to act downstream of RAD51 recruitment; both complexes bind predominantly to the int [...] (384 aa)
Rpa3Replication protein A 14 kDa subunit; As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through recruitment of ATRI [...] (121 aa)
Rad51dDNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. Bind to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and has DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Part of the Rad21 paralog protein complex BCDX2 which acts in the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 acts downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment. BCDX2 binds predominantly to the intersection of the four duplex arms of the Holliday junction and to junction of replication fo [...] (329 aa)
Rad50DNA repair protein RAD50; Component of the MRN complex, which plays a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair, DNA recombination, maintenance of telomere integrity and meiosis. The complex possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity, which are provided by MRE11. RAD50 may be required to bind DNA ends and hold them in close proximity. This could facilitate searches for short or long regions of sequence homology in the recombining DNA templates, and may also stimulate the activity of DNA ligases and/or restrict the nuclease [...] (1312 aa)
Hus1Checkpoint protein HUS1; Component of the 9-1-1 cell-cycle checkpoint response complex that plays a major role in DNA repair. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited to DNA lesion upon damage by the RAD17-replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader complex. Acts then as a sliding clamp platform on DNA for several proteins involved in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER). The 9-1-1 complex stimulates DNA polymerase beta (POLB) activity by increasing its affinity for the 3'-OH end of the primer-template and stabilizes POLB to those sites where LP-BER proceeds; endonuclease FEN1 cleavage activity [...] (281 aa)
Recql5ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5; DNA helicase that plays an important role in DNA replication, transcription and repair. Inhibits elongation of stalled transcripts at DNA damage sites by binding to the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A and blocking the TCEA1 binding site. Required for mitotic chromosome separation after cross-over events and cell cycle progress. Required for efficient DNA repair, including repair of inter-strand cross-links. Stimulates DNA decatenation mediated by TOP2A. Prevents sister chromatid exchange and homologous recombination (By similarity). Belongs to the helica [...] (982 aa)
Xrcc3DNA repair protein XRCC3; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA, thought to repair chromosomal fragmentation, translocations and deletions. Part of the RAD21 paralog protein complex CX3 which acts in the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, CX3 acts downstream of RAD51 recruitment; the complex binds predominantly to the intersection of the four duplex arms of the Holliday junction (HJ) and to junctions of replication forks. Involved in HJ resolution and thus in processing HR intermediates late in the DNA repair process; the f [...] (349 aa)
Rad1Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD1; Component of the 9-1-1 cell-cycle checkpoint response complex that plays a major role in DNA repair. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited to DNA lesion upon damage by the RAD17-replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader complex. Acts then as a sliding clamp platform on DNA for several proteins involved in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER). The 9-1-1 complex stimulates DNA polymerase beta (POLB) activity by increasing its affinity for the 3'-OH end of the primer-template and stabilizes POLB to those sites where LP-BER proceeds; endonuclease FEN1 cleavag [...] (280 aa)
Top3bDNA topoisomerase 3-beta-1; Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)- enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand than undergoes passage around the unbroken strand thus removing DNA supercoil [...] (862 aa)
Rad9aCell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9A; Component of the 9-1-1 cell-cycle checkpoint response complex that plays a major role in DNA repair. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited to DNA lesion upon damage by the RAD17-replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader complex. Acts then as a sliding clamp platform on DNA for several proteins involved in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER). The 9-1-1 complex stimulates DNA polymerase beta (POLB) activity by increasing its affinity for the 3'-OH end of the primer-template and stabilizes POLB to those sites where LP-BER proceeds; endonuclease FEN [...] (389 aa)
Rad51DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1; Plays an important role in homologous strand exchange, a key step in DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR). Binds to single and double-stranded DNA and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Catalyzes the recognition of homology and strand exchange between homologous DNA partners to form a joint molecule between a processed DNA break and the repair template. Binds to single-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to form nucleoprotein filaments which are essential for the homology search and strand exchange. Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR [...] (339 aa)
NbnNibrin; Component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBN (MRN complex) which plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage and the maintenance of chromosome integrity. The complex is involved in double- strand break (DSB) repair, DNA recombination, maintenance of telomere integrity, cell cycle checkpoint control and meiosis. The complex possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand- specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity, which are provided by MRE11. RAD50 may be required to bind DNA ends and hold them in close proximity. NBN modulate the DNA damage signal sensing by recr [...] (751 aa)
Xrcc2DNA repair protein XRCC2; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA, thought to repair chromosomal fragmentation, translocations and deletions. Part of the Rad21 paralog protein complex BCDX2 which acts in the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 acts downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment. BCDX2 binds predominantly to the intersection of the four duplex arms of the Holliday junction and to junction of replication forks. The BCDX2 complex was originally reported to bind single-stranded DNA, single [...] (278 aa)
WrnWerner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase homolog; Multifunctional enzyme that has both magnesium and ATP- dependent DNA-helicase activity and 3'->5' exonuclease activity towards double-stranded DNA with a 5'-overhang. Has no nuclease activity towards single-stranded DNA or blunt-ended double-stranded DNA. Binds preferentially to DNA substrates containing alternate secondary structures, such as replication forks and Holliday junctions. May play an important role in the dissociation of joint DNA molecules that can arise as products of homologous recombination, at stalled replication forks [...] (1401 aa)
Mre11aDouble-strand break repair protein MRE11; Component of the MRN complex, which plays a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair, DNA recombination, maintenance of telomere integrity and meiosis. The complex possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand-specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity, which are provided by MRE11. RAD50 may be required to bind DNA ends and hold them in close proximity. This could facilitate searches for short or long regions of sequence homology in the recombining DNA templates, and may also stimulate the activity of DNA ligases and/or restr [...] (706 aa)
Topbp1DNA topoisomerase 2-binding protein 1; Required for DNA replication (By similarity). Plays a role in the rescue of stalled replication forks and checkpoint control. Binds double-stranded DNA breaks and nicks as well as single-stranded DNA (By similarity). Recruits the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex to E2F1-responsive promoters. Down-regulates E2F1 activity and inhibits E2F1-dependent apoptosis during G1/S transition and after DNA damage (By similarity). Induces a large increase in the kinase activity of ATR (By similarity). (1515 aa)
Rad9bCell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9B. (403 aa)
Exo1Exonuclease 1; 5'->3' double-stranded DNA exonuclease which may also possess a cryptic 3'->5' double-stranded DNA exonuclease activity. Functions in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) to excise mismatch-containing DNA tracts directed by strand breaks located either 5' or 3' to the mismatch. Also exhibits endonuclease activity against 5'-overhanging flap structures similar to those generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. Required for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin genes. Es [...] (837 aa)
Rmi2RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 2; Essential component of the RMI complex, a complex that plays an important role in the processing of homologous recombination intermediates. It is required to regulate sister chromatid segregation and to limit DNA crossover. Essential for the stability, localization, and function of BLM, TOP3A, and complexes containing BLM. In the RMI complex, it is required to target BLM to chromatin and stress-induced nuclear foci and mitotic phosphorylation of BLM. (149 aa)
Brip1Fanconi anemia group J protein homolog; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5' to 3' DNA helicase required for the maintenance of chromosomal stability. Acts late in the 'Fanconi anemia' pathway, after FANCD2 ubiquitination. Involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination in a manner that depends on its association with BRCA1 (By similarity). (1174 aa)
AtripATR-interacting protein; Required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. Required for ATR expression, possibly by stabilizing the protein (By similarity); Belongs to the ATRIP family. (785 aa)
ClspnClaspin; Required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in response to inhibition of DNA replication or to DNA damage induced by both ionizing and UV irradiation. Adapter protein which binds to BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase CHEK1 and facilitates the ATR-dependent phosphorylation of both proteins. Can also bind specifically to branched DNA structures and may associate with S-phase chromatin following formation of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC). This may indicate a role for this protein as a sensor which monitors the integrity of DNA replication forks (By similarity); Belongs [...] (1315 aa)
Pif1ATP-dependent DNA helicase PIF1; DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase required for the maintenance of both mitochondrial and nuclear genome stability. Efficiently unwinds G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures and forked RNA-DNA hybrids. Resolves G4 structures, preventing replication pausing and double-strand breaks (DSBs) at G4 motifs. Involved in the maintenance of telomeric DNA. Inhibits telomere elongation, de novo telomere formation and telomere addition to DSBs via catalytic inhibition of telomerase. Reduces the processivity of telomerase by displacing active telomerase from DNA [...] (650 aa)
Rtel1Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1; ATP-dependent DNA helicase implicated in telomere-length regulation, DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. Acts as an anti-recombinase to counteract toxic recombination and limit crossover during meiosis. Regulates meiotic recombination and crossover homeostasis by physically dissociating strand invasion events and thereby promotes noncrossover repair by meiotic synthesis dependent strand annealing (SDSA) as well as disassembly of D loop recombination intermediates. Also disassembles T loops and prevents telomere fragility by [...] (1209 aa)
Rad54bDNA repair and recombination protein RAD54B; Involved in DNA repair and mitotic recombination. May play an active role in recombination processes in concert with other members of the RAD52 epistasis group. (886 aa)
Fbh1F-box DNA helicase 1; 3'-5' DNA helicase and substrate-recognition component of the SCF(FBH1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a key role in response to stalled/damaged replication forks (By similarity). Involved in genome maintenance by acting as an anti-recombinogenic helicase and preventing extensive strand exchange during homologous recombination: promotes RAD51 filament dissolution from stalled forks, thereby inhibiting homologous recombination and preventing excessive recombination. Also promotes cell death and DNA double-strand breakage in response to replication stress: t [...] (1042 aa)
Rad51bDNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 2; Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. May promote the assembly of presynaptic RAD51 nucleoprotein filaments. Binds single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA and has DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Part of the RAD21 paralog protein complex BCDX2 which acts in the BRCA1-BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 acts downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment. BCDX2 binds predominantly to the intersecti [...] (258 aa)
Rpa2Replication protein A 32 kDa subunit; As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through recruitment of ATRI [...] (270 aa)
Rad54lDNA repair and recombination protein RAD54-like; Involved in DNA repair and mitotic recombination. Functions in the recombinational DNA repair (RAD52) pathway. Dissociates RAD51 from nucleoprotein filaments formed on dsDNA. Could be involved in the turnover of RAD51 protein-dsDNA filaments (By similarity). Deficient mice also show significantly shorter telomeres than wild-type controls, indicating that the protein activity plays an essential role in telomere length maintenance in mammals. Deficiency also resulted in an increased frequency of end-to-end chromosome fusions involving telo [...] (747 aa)
Hus1bCheckpoint protein HUS1B. (276 aa)
Rhno1RAD9, HUS1, RAD1-interacting nuclear orphan protein 1; Plays a role in DNA damage response (DDR) signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR) during the S phase. Recruited to sites of DNA damage through interaction with the 9-1-1 cell-cycle checkpoint response complex and TOPBP1 in a ATR-dependent manner. Required for the progression of the G1 to S phase transition. Plays a role in the stimulation of CHEK1 phosphorylation (By similarity). (235 aa)
Dna2DNA replication ATP-dependent helicase/nuclease DNA2; Key enzyme involved in DNA replication and DNA repair in nucleus and mitochondrion. Involved in Okazaki fragments processing by cleaving long flaps that escape FEN1: flaps that are longer than 27 nucleotides are coated by replication protein A complex (RPA), leading to recruit DNA2 which cleaves the flap until it is too short to bind RPA and becomes a substrate for FEN1. Also involved in 5'-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair: recruited by BLM and mediates the cleavage of 5'-ssDNA, while the 3'-ssDNA cleavag [...] (1062 aa)
Fen1Flap endonuclease 1; Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'- 3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site- terminated flap. Acts as [...] (380 aa)
Rad52DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog; Involved in double-stranded break repair. Plays a central role in genetic recombination and DNA repair by promoting the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA and by stimulation of the RAD51 recombinase (By similarity); Belongs to the RAD52 family. (420 aa)
BlmBloom syndrome protein homolog; ATP-dependent DNA helicase that unwinds single- and double- stranded DNA in a 3'-5' direction. Participates in DNA replication and repair (By similarity). Involved in 5'-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair: unwinds DNA and recruits DNA2 which mediates the cleavage of 5'-ssDNA. Negatively regulates sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Stimulates DNA 4-way junction branch migration and DNA Holliday junction dissolution. Binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), forked duplex DNA and DNA Holliday junction (By similarity). Belongs to the helica [...] (1419 aa)
Tdrd3Tudor domain-containing protein 3; Scaffolding protein that specifically recognizes and binds dimethylarginine-containing proteins. In nucleus, acts as a coactivator: recognizes and binds asymmetric dimethylation on the core histone tails associated with transcriptional activation (H3R17me2a and H4R3me2a) and recruits proteins at these arginine-methylated loci. In cytoplasm, may play a role in the assembly and/or disassembly of mRNA stress granules and in the regulation of translation of target mRNAs by binding Arg/Gly-rich motifs (GAR) in dimethylarginine-containing proteins (By simil [...] (743 aa)
Chek1Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair in response to the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated DNA. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. This regulation is achieved by a number of mechanisms that together help to preserve the integrity of the genome. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [R-X-X-S/T]. Binds to and phosphorylates CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. This inhibits their activity through proteasomal degradation [...] (476 aa)
AtrSerine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]- Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates Ser-139 of histone variant H2AX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response [...] (2641 aa)
Rmi1RecQ-mediated genome instability protein 1; Essential component of the RMI complex, a complex that plays an important role in the processing of homologous recombination intermediates to limit DNA crossover formation in cells. Promotes TOP3A binding to double Holliday junctions (DHJ) and hence stimulates TOP3A- mediated dissolution. Required for BLM phosphorylation during mitosis. Within the BLM complex, required for BLM and TOP3A stability (By similarity). (616 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Mus musculus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 10090
Other names: LK3 transgenic mice, M. musculus, Mus sp. 129SV, house mouse, mouse, nude mice, transgenic mice
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