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| Klhl10 | Kelch-like protein 10; May be a substrate-specific adapter of a CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins during spermatogenesis. Required for male fertility. (608 aa) | ||||
| Spa17 | Sperm surface protein Sp17; Sperm surface zona pellucida binding protein. Helps to bind spermatozoa to the zona pellucida with high affinity. Might function in binding zona pellucida and carbohydrates (By similarity). (149 aa) | ||||
| Hspa1l | Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like; Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis an [...] (641 aa) | ||||
| Tssk4 | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 4; [Isoform 1]: Serine/threonine kinase which is involved in male germ cell development and in mature sperm function. May be involved in the Cre/Creb signaling pathway. Phosphorylates CREB1 on 'Ser-133' in vitro and can stimulate Cre/Creb pathway in cells (By similarity). Phosphorylates CREM on 'Ser-116' in vitro. Phosphorylates ODF2 on 'Ser-95'. [Isoform 3]: Catalytically inactive. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (292 aa) | ||||
| Cabs1 | Calcium-binding and spermatid-specific protein 1. (391 aa) | ||||
| Spatc1l | Speriolin-like protein; Belongs to the speriolin family. (342 aa) | ||||
| Tmem190 | Transmembrane protein 190. (166 aa) | ||||
| Zpbp2 | Zona pellucida-binding protein 2; Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization. (326 aa) | ||||
| Zpbp | Zona pellucida-binding protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome compaction and sperm morphogenesis. Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization. Belongs to the zona pellucida-binding protein Sp38 family. (408 aa) | ||||
| Spata9 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 9; May play at role in testicular development/spermatogenesis and may be an important factor in male infertility. (252 aa) | ||||
| Acr | Acrosin heavy chain; Acrosin is the major protease of mammalian spermatozoa. It is a serine protease of trypsin-like cleavage specificity, it is synthesized in a zymogen form, proacrosin and stored in the acrosome; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (436 aa) | ||||
| Ropn1 | Ropporin-1; Important for male fertility. With ROPN1L, involved in fibrous sheath integrity and sperm motility, plays a role in PKA- dependent signaling processes required for spermatozoa capacitation. (212 aa) | ||||
| Spats1 | Spermatogenesis-associated serine-rich protein 1. (269 aa) | ||||
| Odf3 | Outer dense fiber protein 3; Outer dense fibers are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail. May help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail; Belongs to the ODF3 family. (254 aa) | ||||
| Sun5 | SUN domain-containing protein 5; Plays an essential role in anchoring sperm head to the tail. Is responsible for the attachment of the coupling apparatus to the sperm nuclear envelope. (348 aa) | ||||
| Spaca1 | Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome expansion and establishment of normal sperm morphology during spermatogenesis. Important for male fertility. (305 aa) | ||||
| Cfap206 | Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 206; May regulate cilium motility through its role in the assembly of the axonemal radial spokes. (622 aa) | ||||
| Galntl5 | Inactive polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like protein 5; Probable inactive glycosyltransferase required during spermatid development. May participate in protein loading into the acrosomes and accumulation of ubiquitin-proteasome systems around the head-tail coupling apparatus region; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. GalNAc-T subfamily. (431 aa) | ||||
| Fscn3 | Fascin-3; Acts as an actin bundling protein. (498 aa) | ||||
| Ssmem1 | Serine-rich single-pass membrane protein 1. (244 aa) | ||||
| Pmfbp1 | Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1; Required for normal spermatogenesis. It functions as a scaffold protein that attaches the sperm head-tail connecting piece to the nuclear envelope, thus maintaining sperm head and tail integrity. May also be involved in the general organization of cellular cytoskeleton. (1022 aa) | ||||
| Spata19 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 19, mitochondrial; May have a role in spermiogenesis. (154 aa) | ||||
| Shcbp1l | Testicular spindle-associated protein SHCBP1L; Testis-specific spindle-associated factor that plays a role in spermatogenesis. In association with HSPA2, participates in the maintenance of spindle integrity during meiosis in male germ cells. (639 aa) | ||||
| Spag4 | Sperm-associated antigen 4 protein; Involved in spermatogenesis. Required for sperm head formation but not required to establish and maintain general polarity of the sperm head. Required for anchoring and organization of the manchette. Required for targeting of SUN3 and probably SYNE1 through a probable SUN1:SYNE3 LINC complex to the nuclear envelope and involved in accurate posterior sperm head localization of the complex. May anchor SUN3 the nuclear envelope. Involved in maintenance of the nuclear envelope integrity. May assist the organization and assembly of outer dense fibers (ODF [...] (443 aa) | ||||
| Tmem225 | Transmembrane protein 225; Probably inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in sperm via binding to catalytic subunit PPP1CC. (230 aa) | ||||
| Spata6 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 6; Required for formation of the sperm connecting piece during spermiogenesis. Sperm connecting piece is essential for linking the developing flagellum to the head during late spermiogenesis. May be involved in myosin-based microfilament transport through interaction with myosin subunits. (488 aa) | ||||
| Spem1 | Spermatid maturation protein 1; Required for proper cytoplasm removal during spermatogenesis. (310 aa) | ||||
| Tex43 | Testis-expressed protein 43. (141 aa) | ||||
| Hace1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HACE1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in Golgi membrane fusion and regulation of small GTPases. Acts as a regulator of Golgi membrane dynamics during the cell cycle: recruited to Golgi membrane by Rab proteins and regulates postmitotic Golgi membrane fusion. Acts by mediating ubiquitination during mitotic Golgi disassembly, ubiquitination serving as a signal for Golgi reassembly later, after cell division. Specifically interacts with GTP-bound RAC1, mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of active RAC1, thereby playing a role in host defen [...] (909 aa) | ||||
| Odf4 | Outer dense fiber protein 4; Component of the outer dense fibers (ODF) of spermatozoa which could be involved in sperm tail structure, sperm movement and general organization of cellular cytoskeleton. (290 aa) | ||||
| Spata16 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 16; Involved in the formation of sperm acrosome, which implicated its potential role in spermatogenesis and sperm-egg fusion. Belongs to the SPATA16 family. (571 aa) | ||||
| Zp3r | Zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 receptor; Binds to ZP3 glycoprotein in egg zona pellucida. Probably involved in interactions between sperm acrosome and egg zona pellucida during and immediately following the acrosome reaction. (579 aa) | ||||
| Tsga10 | Testis-specific gene 10 protein; Plays a role in spermatogenesis. When overexpressed, prevents nuclear localization of HIF1A ; Belongs to the CEP135/TSGA10 family. (697 aa) | ||||
| Ccdc54 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 54. (329 aa) | ||||
| Spata3 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 3. (193 aa) | ||||
| Cep112 | Centrosomal protein of 112 kDa. (954 aa) | ||||
| Fscb | Fibrous sheath CABYR-binding protein; May be involved in the later stages of fibrous sheath biogenesis and spermatozoa capacitation. Inhibits ROPN1 and ROPN1L SUMOylation. Binds calcium. (1062 aa) | ||||
| Ccdc187 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 187. (958 aa) | ||||
| Gm597 | Predicted gene 597. (896 aa) | ||||
| Spesp1 | Sperm equatorial segment protein 1; Involved in fertilization ability of sperm. (399 aa) | ||||
| Spata46 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 46; Plays a role in spermiogenesis and fertilization. (204 aa) | ||||
| Spata18 | Mitochondria-eating protein; Key regulator of mitochondrial quality that mediates the repairing or degradation of unhealthy mitochondria in response to mitochondrial damage. Mediator of mitochondrial protein catabolic process (also named MALM) by mediating the degradation of damaged proteins inside mitochondria by promoting the accumulation in the mitochondrial matrix of hydrolases that are characteristic of the lysosomal lumen. Also involved in mitochondrion degradation of damaged mitochondria by promoting the formation of vacuole-like structures (named MIV), which engulf and degrade [...] (537 aa) | ||||
| Spatc1 | Speriolin; Belongs to the speriolin family. (480 aa) | ||||
| Odf1 | Outer dense fiber protein 1; Component of the outer dense fibers (ODF) of spermatozoa. ODF are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail and may help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. (248 aa) | ||||
| Aurkc | Aurora kinase C; Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. The CPC complex has essential functions at the centromere in ensuring correct chromosome alignment and segregation and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. Plays also a role in meiosis and more particularly in spermatogenesis. Has redundant cellular functions with AURKB and can rescue an AURKB knockdown. Like AURKB, AURKC phosphorylates histone H3 at 'Ser-10' and 'Ser-28'. AURKC phosphoryla [...] (315 aa) | ||||
| Acrbp | Acrosin-binding protein; May be involved in packaging and condensation of the acrosin zymogen in the acrosomal matrix via its association with proacrosin. (540 aa) | ||||
| Proca1 | Protein PROCA1; Belongs to the PROCA1 family. (220 aa) | ||||
| Gtsf1l | Gametocyte-specific factor 1-like; Belongs to the UPF0224 (FAM112) family. (151 aa) | ||||
| Akap3 | A-kinase anchor protein 3; May function as a regulator of both motility- and head- associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Belongs to the AKAP110 family. (864 aa) | ||||
| Spaca3 | Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 3, processed form; Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved in sperm- egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. It could be a potential receptor for the egg oligosaccharide residue N- acetylglucosamine, which is present in the extracellular matrix over the egg plasma membrane. The processed form has no detectable bacteriolytic activity in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 family. (163 aa) | ||||
| Tmco2 | Transmembrane and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2. (187 aa) | ||||
| Ropn1l | Ropporin-1-like protein; Important for male fertility. With ROPN1, involved in fibrous sheath integrity and sperm motility, plays a role in PKA-dependent signaling processes required for spermatozoa capacitation. (218 aa) | ||||
| Mageb4 | Melanoma-associated antigen B4. (556 aa) | ||||
| Ttll2 | Probable tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL2; Probable tubulin polyglutamylase that forms polyglutamate side chains on tubulin. Probably acts when complexed with other proteins; Belongs to the tubulin--tyrosine ligase family. (540 aa) | ||||
| Rhpn1 | Rhophilin-1; Has no enzymatic activity. May serve as a target for Rho, and interact with some cytoskeletal component upon Rho binding or relay a Rho signal to other molecules; Belongs to the RHPN family. (661 aa) | ||||
| Zan | Zonadhesin; Binds in a species-specific manner to the zona pellucida of the egg. May be involved in gamete recognition and/or signaling. (5420 aa) | ||||
| Tex35 | Testis-expressed protein 35. (208 aa) | ||||
| Fam71f1 | Protein FAM71F1; Belongs to the FAM71 family. (344 aa) | ||||
| Spert | Protein chibby homolog 2; Belongs to the chibby family. SPERT subfamily. (446 aa) | ||||
| Dpy19l2 | Probable C-mannosyltransferase DPY19L2; Probable C-mannosyltransferase that mediates C-mannosylation of tryptophan residues on target proteins. Required during spermatogenesis for sperm head elongation and acrosome formation (By similarity). (773 aa) | ||||
| Cabyr | Calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein; May function as a regulator of both motility- and head- associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. May bind calcium in vitro (By similarity). (453 aa) | ||||
| Spata45 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 45; Belongs to the SPATA45 family. (97 aa) | ||||
| Spam1 | Hyaluronidase PH-20; Involved in sperm-egg adhesion. Upon fertilization sperm must first penetrate a layer of cumulus cells that surrounds the egg before reaching the zona pellucida. The cumulus cells are embedded in a matrix containing hyaluronic acid which is formed prior to ovulation. This protein aids in penetrating the layer of cumulus cells by digesting hyaluronic acid. (512 aa) | ||||
| Tmem270 | Transmembrane protein 270. (264 aa) | ||||
| Fam81b | Family with sequence similarity 81, member B. (432 aa) | ||||