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| Rem1 | GTP-binding protein REM 1; Promotes endothelial cell sprouting and actin cytoskeletal reorganization (By similarity). May be involved in angiogenesis. May function in Ca(2+) signaling; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. RGK family. (297 aa) | ||||
| Raf1 | RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a regulatory link between the membrane-associated Ras GTPases and the MAPK/ERK cascade, and this critical regulatory link functions as a switch determining cell fate decisions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, survival and oncogenic transformation. RAF1 activation initiates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that comprises a sequential phosphorylation of the dual-specific MAPK kinases (MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2) and the extracellular signal- regulated kin [...] (648 aa) | ||||
| Araf | Serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf; Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. May also regulate the TOR signaling cascade (By similarity). (604 aa) | ||||
| Braf | Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf; Involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAP2K1, and thereby activates the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. May play a role in the postsynaptic responses of hippocampal neurons. (804 aa) | ||||
| Map2k1 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1; Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine resid [...] (393 aa) | ||||
| Shoc2 | Leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC-2; Regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) that acts as a M-Ras/MRAS effector and participates in MAPK pathway activation. Upon M-Ras/MRAS activation, targets PP1c to specifically dephosphorylate the 'Ser-259' inhibitory site of RAF1 kinase and stimulate RAF1 activity at specialized signaling complexes. (582 aa) | ||||
| Hras | GTPase HRas, N-terminally processed; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. (189 aa) | ||||
| Spred1 | Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1; Tyrosine kinase substrate that inhibits growth-factor- mediated activation of MAP kinase. Negatively regulates hematopoiesis of bone marrow. (444 aa) | ||||
| Nras | GTPase NRas; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (189 aa) | ||||
| Rasa2 | Ras GTPase-activating protein 2; Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. Binds inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP4) and phospholipids. (847 aa) | ||||
| Mras | Ras-related protein M-Ras; Serves as an important signal transducer for a novel upstream stimuli in controlling cell proliferation. Activates the MAP kinase pathway (By similarity). (208 aa) | ||||
| Rras | Ras-related protein R-Ras; Regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. With OSPBL3, modulates integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) activity. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (218 aa) | ||||
| Rras2 | Ras-related protein R-Ras2; It is a plasma membrane-associated GTP-binding protein with GTPase activity. Might transduce growth inhibitory signals across the cell membrane, exerting its effect through an effector shared with the Ras proteins but in an antagonistic fashion. (204 aa) | ||||
| Nf1 | Neurofibromin; Stimulates the GTPase activity of Ras. NF1 shows greater affinity for Ras GAP, but lower specific activity. May be a regulator of Ras activity. (2841 aa) | ||||
| Spred2 | Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 2; Negatively regulates Ras signaling pathways and downstream activation of MAP kinases. (410 aa) | ||||
| Zhx2 | Zinc fingers and homeoboxes protein 2; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Represses the promoter activity of the CDC25C gene stimulated by NFYA (By similarity). May play a role in retinal development where it regulates the composition of bipolar cell populations, by promoting differentiation of bipolar OFF-type cells. In the brain, may promote maintenance and suppress differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the developing cortex. Belongs to the ZHX family. (836 aa) | ||||
| Rasgrp1 | RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1; Functions as a calcium- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade. Regulates T-cell/B-cell development, homeostasis and differentiation by coupling T-lymphocyte/B-lymphocyte antigen receptors to Ras. Regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and ITAM-dependent cytokine production by activation of Ras-mediated ERK and JNK pathways (By similarity). Functions in mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion, regulating FcERI-evoked allergic [...] (795 aa) | ||||
| Map3k1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Activates the ERK and JNK kinase pathways by phosphorylation of MAP2K1 and MAP2K4. May phosphorylate the MAPK8/JNK1 kinase. Activates CHUK and IKBKB, the central protein kinases of the NF-kappa-B pathway. (1493 aa) | ||||
| Rasgrp2 | RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2; Functions as a calcium- and DAG-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Rap through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. May also activates other GTPases such as RRAS, RRAS2, NRAS, KRAS but not HRAS. Functions in aggregation of platelets and adhesion of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils probably through inside-out integrin activation. May function in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1/CHRM1 signaling pathway. (608 aa) | ||||
| Map2k2 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2; Catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in MAP kinases. Activates the ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases. Activates BRAF in a KSR1 or KSR2-dependent manner; by binding to KSR1 or KSR2 releases the inhibitory intramolecular interaction between KSR1 or KSR2 protein kinase and N-terminal domains which promotes KSR1 or KSR2-BRAF dimerization and BRAF activation (By similarity). (401 aa) | ||||